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书籍:英语常见错误词典 更新时间:2018-10-07 18:55:36

出处:按学科分类—语言、文字 四川出版集团,四川辞书出版社《英语常见错误词典》第388页(7460字)

【典型错误】:

※A bird I keep is a canary.

She put the red and yellow carnations in the vase.

※她把红色的和黄色的康乃馨插到花瓶里。

※The dogs are faithful animals.

※Both sun and moon appear larger when they are rising.

※The train was moving towards south in the fog.

※The France is a romantic country.

※United States and Canada are in the North America.

※Mississippi River is also called Old Man River.

※The Smith family have moved into a new house.

※The rich is not always happy.

※The teacher talked more,I understood less.

※Lake Superior is largest one of the Great Lakes.

※Pen is mightier than sword.

※This is fifteenth novel he has written.

※In 1980s.great changes took place in China.

※The workers are paid by hour.

※Nobody came in the Saturday evening.

※What do we have for the breakfast?

※Tom hit the thief on his head.

※Susan likes playing the tennis on fine afternoons.

※She is an expert on guitar.

※He returned from prison,where he had visited his brother.

※I offered him the double amount,but he still refused.

※The French is difficult to learn.

※German people are very tall.

【说明】:

1.the是一个起确定作用的冠词,上文已提到,或是正在谈论的人或事物之前要加the。

例如:

The bird I keep is a canary.我养的鸟是金丝雀。

2.如果两个用and并列的名词指代不同的人或物,通常是两个名词前都应加上冠词the;如果是指同一个人或物,则只在前一个名词前加the。

比较下面两句话:

She put the red and the yellow carnations in the vase.她把红色的和黄色的康乃馨插到花瓶里。

She put the red and yellow carnations in the vase.她把红黄两色相间的康乃馨插到花瓶里。

〖注〗若这两个并列的名词带有对比意义,或习惯上在一起使用,则都不用加冠词,如day and night(日夜),husband and wife(夫妻)等。例如:

I want pencil and paper.我需要纸和笔。

3.当表示一类事物时,可以用“the[a]+单数可数名词”,或是使用不加冠词的复数名词。例如:

A[The]dog is a faithful animal.

Dogs are faithful animals.

这两句都意为:“是忠实的动物。”

4.表示世界上独一无二的事物或自然现象,如太阳、月亮、天空、海洋以及方向等时,要在名词前加上the。例如:

Both the sun and the moon appear larger when they are rising.太阳和月亮初升时,看上去要大些。

The train uas moving towards the. south in the fog.火车在雾中向南行驶。

〖注〗如果在这类词前有形容词作定语时,便可用不定冠词a。

另外,表示东西南北等方位的词还可以作副词,不要与它们的名词形式混淆。例如:

Was it a full moon or a new moon?是满月还是新月?

The ship is sailing south.那艘船正向南航行。

5.只有一个词的国家名称前一般不加the;国名如果由普通名词构成,或是含有普通名词时,前面要加the。世界上的大洲名前均不加定冠词。

例如:

France is a romantic country.法国是一个浪漫的国家。

The United States and Canada are in North America.美国和加拿大都在北美洲。

6.表示海洋、河流、山脉、群岛以及沙漠等的专有名词前须用the;但单数的山峰、岛屿以及瀑布名称(复数)前通常不用the。例如:

The Mississippi River is also called Old Man River.密西西比河又叫老人河。

Have you ever been to the Alps?你去过阿尔卑斯山吗?

Mount Vesuvius is one of the famous active volcanoes.维苏威火山是着名的活火山之一。

7.姓名或姓氏前不需要加冠词,但表示夫妇两人或全家人可以用“the+复数姓名”,但不与family连用。例如:

The Smiths have moved into a new house.史密斯一家已经搬到新房子里去了。

8.“the+形容词原级”可以表示一类人,具有复数意义。

例如:

The rich are not always happy.有钱人并不总是幸福的。

9.“the+比较级……,the+比较级……”可表示“越……,越……”,是一个固定句型,除了个别谚语(如:More haste,less speed欲速则不达。)之外,其中的the都不能省略。例如:

The more the teacher talked,the less I understood.老师愈讲,我愈不懂。

The sooner,the better.越快越好o

10.形容词的最高级前要加定冠词the;但最高级有时并不表示比较,而是用来强调,意思是“非常”、“特别”,这时不需要加the。请比较:

Lake Superior is the largest one of the Great Lakes.苏必利尔湖是北美五大湖中最大的一个。

The lake is most beautiful in autumn.这湖泊在秋天里特别美。

11.“the+普通名词”、“the+形容词”都可以用来表示一个笼统、抽象的概念,名词需用单数形式。

例如:

The pen is mightier than the sword.舆论要比武力更有力量。

He has a keen sense of the new.他对新事物很敏感。

12.序数词前要用定冠词;表示“……年代”也要在逢十的复数数词前加上the。例如:

This is the fifteenth novel he has written.这是他写的第15本小说。

In the 1980’s[1980s],great changes took place in China.20世纪80年代中国发生了巨大变化。

13.表示计算的单位或标准,必须在单位名词前加the。例如:

The workers are paid by the hour[the piece].工人的酬金是按小时计算的[计件的]。

14.一天中的3个时段——上午、下午、晚上——之前通常要加the,介词用in;如果这些词前有定语时,不用the,介词改用on。例如:

Nobody came on Saturday evening.星期六晚上没有人来。

The accident happened on a rainy morning.事故发生在一个阴雨的早上。

15.餐饮名称前一般不用定冠词the。例如:

What do we have for breakfast?早餐吃什么?

We were at tea when he came.他来时我们正在喝茶。

16.当表示触及某人的某个部位时,要用the取代物主代词,使用“动词+sb.+介词+the+部位名称”的结构。例如:

Tom hit the thief on the head.汤姆打中了小偷的头。

He grasped the boy by the collar.他抓住那孩子的衣领。

She pulled the boy by the hand.她拽着那个男孩的手。

I caught the thief by the arm.我抓住那个小偷的胳膊。

〖注〗①用英语表达“触及某人身体某一部位”时,常用“pat[strike,tap,catch,touch,take,pull,lead,hit,etc.]+sb.+介词+the+身体某一部位”句型。表示“触及”身体较软的部位时,介词常用in;表示“触及”身体较硬的部位时,介词常用on;表示“抓[拉、牵、扯]”时,介词常用by。例如:

He hit the rascal on the head.他给了那个坏蛋头上一拳。

The ball hit him in the eye.球打在他的眼睛上了。

I caught him by the arm[collar,sleeve].我抓住了他的胳膊[领子,袖子]。

②用“pat[strike,tap,catch,touch,take,pull,lead,hit,etc.]+sb.’s+身体某一部位”句型也是一种正式的表达法,但不如上面的一种常见。例如:

He caught her hand and held it tightly.他抓住她的手紧紧地握着。

She lightly touched my forehead.她轻轻地摸了摸我的前额。

She tapped his head knowingly.她会意地拍了拍他的头。

17.运动项目或游戏的名称前,不加冠词the;乐器名称前,则必须加the。例如:

Susan likes playing tennis ort fine afternoons.苏珊喜欢在天气好的下午打网球。

She is an expert in the guitar.她弹得一手好吉他。

18.当school,hospital,bed,church等表示“处所”的名词只是指与这些“处所”的用途或功能有关的活动时,其前面通常不加冠词;如果是指明具体地点,或是为其他目的去这些处所时,其前面就要加上定冠词the。试比较:

He is in prison.他在坐牢。

He returned from the prison,where he had visited his brother.他去监狱探视完他的兄弟后回来了。

19.double,half,twice必须放在定冠词the之前。例如:

You’ve only heard of half the story.你只听了故事的一半。

I offered him double the amount,but he still refused.我给他2倍的钱,但他还是不接受。

20.表示具体的语种前不使用定冠词the。例如:

French is difficult to learn.法语难学。

I like French very much.我非常喜欢法语。

21说“某个民族”时,前面要加定冠词the。例如:

The German people are very tall.德国人个子很高。

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