Present U S Policy
出处：按学科分类—政治、法律 BERKSHIREPUBLISHINGGROUP《PatternsofGlobalTerrorism1985-2005：U.S.DepartmentofStateReportswithSupplementaryDocumentsandStatistics》第9页（9146字）
Since the issuing of Patterns of Global Terrorism 2001, U.S. counterterrorism policy has continued to evolve. In July 2005, President George W. Bush addressed the FBI Academy in Quantico, Virginia. Part of his speech covered U.S. counterterrorism strategy and its successes. Excerpts from that speech (available online at http://www.whitehouse.gov/infocus/nationalsecurity/index.html)follow.
America Has A Clear Strategy For Victory In The War On Terror.
■ America Must Fight The Enemy Abroad, So We Do Not Have To Face Them Here At Home. By using every available tool to keep the enemy on the run, America’s Armed Forces can ensure that terrorists spend their days trying to avoid capture, not planning their next attack.
■ The United States Must Deny Terrorists Sanctuary And The Support Of States. By helping friendly governments control their territory and by making it clear to outlaw regimes that providing safe haven to terrorists will not be tolerated, the United States can limit the infrastructure terrorists have at their disposal to plan and carry out attacks.
■ Mass Murderers Must Not Obtain Weapons Of Mass Destruction. The United States must prevent terrorists from obtaining nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons. This must be a global effort involving many countries.
■ Freedom And Hope Will Defeat An Ideology Of Hate. Through the spread of democracy, the United States can help deny terrorists the ideological victories they seek. Free nations do not support terrorists or invade their neighbors. By advancing the cause of liberty across the world, we will make the world more peaceful and America more secure.
Since September 11th,America Has Made Great Strides In Winning The War On Terror.
■ The United States Has Removed Brutal Regimes In Afghanistan And Iraq That Harbored Terrorists And Threatened America. Fifty million people were liberated in the process, and both Afghanistan and Iraq have chosen leaders in free elections.
■ Across The World, Liberty Is On The March. In the last 18 months, we have witnessed a Purple Revolution in Iraq, an Orange Revolution in Ukraine, a Rose Revolution in Georgia, a Tulip Revolution in Kyrgyzstan, and a Cedar Revolution in Lebanon.
■ The World’s Most Dangerous Nuclear Trading Network Has Been Shut Down. The United States has launched the Proliferation Security Initiative, a global effort involving 60 countries to stop shipments of weapons of mass destruction. The black-market network that supplied nuclear weapons technology to North Korea, Libya, and Iran has been shut down, and the government of Libya has even agreed to abandon its nuclear weapons program and rejoin a community of nations.
■ In The Last FewWeeks, U.S. Forces Have Captured A Number Of Key Terrorists. In Pakistan, one of Osama Bin Laden’s senior terrorist leaders, al-Libbi, was brought to justice. Earlier this week, in Iraq, U.S. forces captured two senior operatives of the terrorist Zarqawi. America has also killed or captured hundreds of terrorists and insurgents near the Syrian border and in a series of raids throughout Baghdad.
Current Policy Initiatives
The Department of State and other departments work together to combat terrorism in the arenas of international trade, commerce, aid, and other areas. Key initiatives include the Antiterrorism Assistance Program and the Rewards for Justice Program. The following explanations of those programs is excerpted from Patterns of Global Terrorism 2003.
Antiterrorism Assistance Program
Congress authorized the Antiterrorism Assistance (ATA) Program in 1983 as part of a major initiative against international terrorism. Since that time, ATA has provided training for more than 36,000 students from 142 countries.The ATA Program provides training and related assistance to law enforcement and security services of selected friendly foreign governments. Assistance to the qualified countries focuses on the following objectives:
Enhancing the antiterrorism skills of friendly countries by providing training and equipment to deter and counter the threats of terrorism.
Strengthening the bilateral ties of the United States with friendly, foreign governments by offering concrete assistance in areas of mutual concern.
Increasing respect for human rights by sharing with civilian authorities modern, humane, and effective antiterrorism techniques.
ATA courses are developed and customized in response to terrorism trends and patterns.The training can be categorized into four functional areas: Crisis Prevention, Crisis Management, Crisis Resolution, and Investigation. Countries needing assistance are identified on the basis of the threat or actual level of terrorist activity they face.
Antiterrorism assistance and training may be conducted either in-country or within the United States. This arrangement provides flexibility to maximize the effectiveness of the program for countries of strategic importance in the global war on terrorism.
ATA programs may take the form of advisory assistance, such as police administration and management of police departments, how to train police instructors or develop a police academy, and modern interview and investigative techniques. This approach enables the program to provide a narrow focus to solutions for country-specific problems that are not resolved in the classroom-training environment. Equipment or explosive-detection trained dogs may also be included in the assistance package.
The ability of the United States to assist friendly governments to master the detection and prevention of terrorist activities will clearly enhance the mutual security of all the participating nations. Detecting and eliminating terrorist cells at the root before their violence can cross borders and oceans will ensure a safer world for all nations.
Rewards for Justice Program
The Rewards for Justice Program is one of the most valuable US Government assets in the fight against international terrorism. Established by the 1984 Act To Combat International Terrorism—Public Law 98-533—the Program is administered by the US Department of State’s Bureau of Diplomatic Security.
Under the Program, The Secretary of State may offer rewards of up to $5 million for information that prevents or favorably resolves acts of international terrorism against US persons or property worldwide. Rewards may also be paid for information leading to the arrest or conviction of terrorists attempting, committing, and conspiring to commit—or aiding and abetting in the commission of—such acts.
The USA Patriot Act of 2001 authorizes the Secretary to offer or pay rewards of greater that $5 million if he determines that a greater amount is necessary to combat terrorism or to defend the United States against terrorist acts. Secretary Powell has authorized a reward of up to $25 million for the information leading to the capture of Usama Bin Ladin and other key al-Qaida leaders.
In November 2002, the State and Treasury Departments announced a $5 million rewards program that will pay for information leading to the disruption of any terrorism financing operation.
Diplomatic Security has fully supported the efforts of the private business sector and citizens to establish a Rewards for Justice Fund, a nongovernmental, nonprofit 501 C (3) charitable organization administered by a group of private US citizens. One hundred percent of all donated funds will be used to supplement reward payments only. Diplomatic Security has forged a strong relationship with the private business and US citizen representatives of the Rewards for Justice Fund. Diplomatic Security has embarked on a much closer relationship with the US public and private businesses in the US Government’s continuing efforts to bring those individuals responsible for the planning of the September 11 attacks to justice and to prevent future international terrorist attacks against the United States at home or abroad.
Since its inception, the Rewards for Justice Program has been very effective. In the past seven years, the Secretary of State has authorized payments for more than $52 million to 33 people who provided credible information that put terrorists behind bars or prevented acts of international terrorism worldwide.The program played a significant role in the arrest of international terrorist Ramzi Yousef, who was convicted in the 1993 bombing of the World Trade Center and most recently in the efforts to locate Uday and Qusay Hussein.