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出处：按学科分类—语言、文字 辽宁人民出版社《英汉辞典》第175页（1945字）

【释义】：

prep．①在…旁，靠近：stand by the window靠窗站着．a village by the river河边的村庄．north by east北偏东．We had a day by the sea．我们在滨海度过了一天．have sth．by one近在手边：It’s con venient to have a dictionary by you when you’re reading．当你在阅读的时候，手头有一本辞典是很方便的．②经，沿，穿过：a path by the lake沿湖的道路．by the nearest road走近路．They went to Korea by(way of)Shenyang．他们取道沈阳去朝鲜．He goes by the post office every morning．他每天早晨都经过邮局．③在…期间：attack the enemy by night夜袭敌人．Do you prefer travelling by night or by day?你愿意在白天还是在夜间旅行?④不迟于，截止，在…以前，等到…已经：by 1918截至一九一八年．He will come back by four o’clock．他最迟四点回来．We shall finish the work by Friday．我们将在星期五以前完成这项工作．By the time you get there it will be dark．当你到那儿的时候，天就该黑了．⑤(单位、标准)按(照)；依照：sell cloth by the metre论米卖布．pay a labourer by the day按日付薪．by the dozen按打计算．judge by appearances从外表判断．recognize sb．by the voice根据声音认出某人．by Article 3 of the Treaty依据本条约第三款．It is six o’clock by my watch．我的表是六点．He is an actor by profession．他是职业演员．⑥(起因，主动者)由，受，被：a machine designed by workers工人设计的机器．a novel by Lu Hsun鲁迅(着)的小说．The trees were put on fire by lightning．树木因闪电而起火．⑦(方式、方法、手段)用，借，由于，通过：by this means用这个方法．by mistake由于差错．go by train乘火车去．travel by air(land，sea)空中(陆路、海上)旅行．send by post邮寄．inform by letter写信通知．What do you mean by that?你那样说(做)是什么意思?He took me by the hand．他拉着我的手．⑧(程度)相差：increase by 30%增加百分之三十．reduce by half减少一半．He is my senior(junior) by two years．他比我大(小)两岁．I missed the train by a minute．差一分钟我没赶上火车．⑨(连续)一…一，逐个：day by day一天一天．step by step一步一步，逐步．1ittle by little一点一点，渐渐．by degrees逐渐．⑩(关系)就…来说：brothers by blood亲兄弟．John by name名叫约翰．⑾对，向：do one’s duty by the Party对党尽责．do well by him待他好．⑿(倍数)乘：multiply(divide)6 by 2二乘(除)六．a room 8m．by 12m．一间宽八米长十二米的房间．⒀(发誓)当，凭．

－ad．①在旁边：sit by 坐在旁边．He lives close by．他住在附近．②经过：Time has gone by．时间过去了．He hurried by without a word．他匆匆走过去，没说一句话．③放在一边，收着：lay(or put) by 收起来，贮存．

△by oneself 1)独自．2)孤立．by and by 不久．by the by(e)(=by the way)顺便说说．