David

出处：按学科分类—哲学、宗教 复旦大学出版社《圣经典故辞典》第154页（7078字）

【释义】：

大卫；(原义)蒙恩；(喻)小英雄

And when the words were heard which David spake, they rehearsed them before Saul: and he sent for him.

And David said to Saul, Let no man's heart fail because of him; thy servant will go and fight with this Philistine.

And Saul said to David, Thou art not able to go against this Philistine to fight with him: for thou art but a youth, and he a man of war from his youth.

And David said unto Saul, Thy servant kept his father's sheep, and there came a lion, and a bear, and took a lamb out of the flock:

And I went out after him, and smote him, and delivered it out of his mouth: and when he arose against me, I caught him by his beard, and smote him, and slew him.

Thy servant slew both the lion and the bear: and this uncircumcised Philistine shall be as one of them, seeing he hath defied the armies of the living God.

David said moreover, The Lord that delivered me out of the paw of the lion, and out of the paw of the bear, he will deliver me out of the hand of this Philistine. And Saul said unto David. Go. and the Lord be with thee.

And Saul armed David with his armour, and he put an helmet of brass upon his head; also he armed him with a coat of mail.

And David girded his sword upon his armour, and he assayed to go ; for he had not proved it. And David said unto Saul, I cannot go with these; for I have not proved them. And David put them off him.

And he took his staff in his hand, and chose him five smooth stones out of the brook, and put them in a shepherd's bag which he had, even in a scrip; and his sling was in his hand: and he drew near to the Philistine.

And the Philistine came on and drew near unto David; and the man that bare the shield went before him.

And when the Philistine looked about, and saw David, he disdained him: for he was but a youth, and ruddy, and of a fair countenance.

And the Philistine said unto David, Am I a dog, that thou comest to me with staves? And the Philistine cursed David by his gods.

And the Philistine said to David, Come to me, and I will give thy flesh unto the fowls of the air, and to the beasts of the field.

Then said David to the Philistine, Thou comest to me with a sword, and with a spear, and with a shield: but I come to thee in the name of the Lord of hosts, the God of the armies of Israel, whom thou hast defied.

This day will the Lord deliver thee into mine hand; and I will smite thee, and take thine head from thee; and I will give the carcases of the host of the Philistines this day unto the fowls of the air, and to the wild beasts of the earth; that all the earth may know that there is a God in Israel.

And all this assembly shall know that the Lord saveth not with sword and spear: for the battle is the Lord's, and he will give you into our hands.

And it came to pass, when the Philistine arose, and came and drew nigh to meet David, that David hasted, and ran toward the army to meet the Philistine.

And David put his hand in his bag, and took thence a stone, and slang it, and smote the Philistine in his forehead, that the stone sunk into his forehead; and he fell upon his face to the earth.

So David prevailed over the Philistine with a sling and with a stone, and smote the Philistine, and slew him; but there was no sword in the hand of David.

Therefore David ran, and stood upon the Philistine, and took his sword and drew it out of the sheath thereof, and slew him. and cut off his head therewith. And when the Philistines saw their champion was dead, they fled.

And the men of Israel and of Judah arose, and shouted, and pursued the Philistines, until thou come to the valley, and to the gates of Ekron. And the wounded of the Philistines fell down by the way to Shaaraim, even unto Gath, and unto Ekron.

And the children of Israel returned from chasing after the Philistines, and they spoiled their tents.

And David took the head of the Philistine, and brought it to Jerusalem; but he put his armour in his tents.

And when Saul saw David go forth against the Philistine, he said unto Abner, the captain of the host, Abner, whose son is this youth? And Abner said, As thy soul liveth, O king, I cannot tell.

And the king said, Inquire thou whose son the stripling is.

And as David returned from the slaughter of the Philistine, Abner took him, and brought him before Saul with the head of the Philistine in his hand.

And Saul said to him, Whose son art thou, thou young man? And David answered, I am the son of thy servant Jesse the Beth-lehemite.

I Sam.17: 31-58

有人听见大卫所说的话，就告诉了扫罗，扫罗便打发人叫他来。

大卫对扫罗说：“人都不必为那非利士人胆怯。你的仆人要去与那非利士人战斗。”

扫罗对大卫说：“你不能去与那非利士人战斗，因为你年纪太轻，他自幼就作战士。”

大卫对扫罗说：“你仆人为父亲放羊，有时来了狮子，有时来了熊，从群中衔一只羊羔去。

我就追赶它，击打它，将羊羔从它口中救出来。它起来要害我，我就揪着它的胡子，将它打死。

你仆人曾打死狮子和熊，这未受割礼的非利士人向永生神的军队骂阵，也必像狮子和熊一般。”

大卫又说：“耶和华救我脱离狮子和熊的爪，也必救我脱离这非利士人的手。”扫罗对大卫说：“你可以去吧!耶和华必与你同在。”

扫罗就把自己的战衣给大卫穿上，将铜盔给他戴上，又给他穿上铠甲。

大卫把刀跨在战衣外，试试能走不能走，因为素来没有穿惯，就对扫罗说：“我穿戴这些不能走，因为素来没有穿惯。”于是摘脱了。

他手中拿杖，又在溪中挑选了五块光滑石子，放在袋里，就是牧人带的囊里；手中拿着甩石的机弦，就去迎那非利士人。

非利士人也渐渐地迎着大卫来，拿盾牌的走在前头。

非利士人观看，见了大卫，就藐视他，因为他年轻，面色光红，容貌俊美。

非利士人对大卫说：“你拿杖到我这里来，我岂是狗呢?”

非利士人就指着自己的神咒诅大卫。

非利士人又对大卫说：“来吧!我将你的肉给空中的飞鸟、田野的走兽吃。”大卫对非利士人说：“你来攻击我，是靠着刀枪和铜戟；我来攻击你，是靠着万军之耶和华的名，就是你所怒骂带领以色列军队的神。

今日耶和华必将你交在我手里。我必杀你，斩你的头，又将非利士军兵的尸首给空中的飞鸟、地上的野兽吃，使普天下的人都知道以色列中有神。

又使这众人知道耶和华使人得胜，不是用刀用枪，因为争战的胜败全在乎耶和华。他必将你们交在我们手里。”

非利士人起身，迎着大卫前来。大卫急忙迎着非利士人，往战场跑去。

大卫用手从囊中掏出一块石子来，用机弦甩去，打中非利士人的额，石子进入额内，他就仆倒，面伏于地。

这样，大卫用机弦甩石，胜了那非利士人，打死他；大卫手中却没有刀。

大卫跑去，站在非利士人身旁，将他的刀从鞘中拔出来，杀死他，割了他的头。非利士众人看见他们讨战的勇士死了，就都逃跑。

以色列人和犹大人便起身呐喊、追赶非利士人，直到迦特和以革伦的城门。被杀的非利士人倒在沙拉音的路上，直到迦特和以革伦。

以色列人追赶非利士人回来，就夺了他们的营盘。

大卫将那非利士人的头拿到耶路撒冷，却将他军装放在自己的帐棚里。

扫罗看见大卫去攻击非利士人，就向元帅押尼珥说：“押尼珥啊，那少年人是谁的儿子?”押尼珥说：“我敢在王面前起誓，我不知道。

”

王说：“你可以问问那幼年人是谁的儿子。”

大卫打死非利士人回来，押尼珥领他到扫罗面前，他手中拿着非利士人的头。

扫罗问他说：“少年人哪，你是谁的儿子?”大卫说：“我是你仆人伯利恒人耶西的儿子。

”

《撒母耳记上》17∶31－58］

。【条目出处】：《圣经·旧约》