Chronology of Significant Terrorist Events 1961–2005

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1961

1 May United States

The first US aircraft was hijacked by Puerto Rican born Antuilo Ramierez Ortiz, who forced at gunpoint a National Airlines plane to fly to Havana, Cuba, where he was given asylum.

1968

28 August Guatemala

US Ambassador to Guatemala John Gordon Mein was murdered by a rebel faction when gunmen forced his official car off the road in Guatemala City and raked the vehicle with gunfire.

1969

30 July Japan

US Ambassador to Japan A.H. Meyer was attacked by a knifewielding Japanese citizen.

3 September Brazil

US Ambassador to Brazil Charles Burke Elbrick was kidnapped by the Marxist revolutionary group MR-8.

1970

10 February West Germany

Three terrorists attacked El Al passengers in a bus at the Munich Airport with guns and grenades. One passenger was killed and 11 were injured. All three terrorists were captured by airport police.The Action Organization for the Liberation of Palestine and the Popular Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine claimed responsibility for the attack.

31 July Uruguay

In Montevideo, Uruguay, the Tupamaros terrorist group kidnapped US Agency for International Development adviser Dan Mitrione; his body was found on August 10.

1972

21 July Northern Ireland

An Irish Republican Army (IRA) bomb attack killed eleven people and injure 130 in Belfast, Northern Ireland.Ten days later, three IRA car bomb attacks in the village of Claudy left six dead.

5 September West Germany

Eight Palestinian “Black September” terrorists seized 11 Israeli athletes in the Olympic Village in Munich,West Germany. In a bungled rescue attempt by West German authorities, nine of the hostages and five terrorists were killed.

1973

2 March Sudan

US Ambassador to Sudan Cleo A. Noel and other diplomats were assassinated at the Saudi Arabian Embassy in Khartoum by members of the Black September organization.

4 May Mexico US Consul General in Guadalajara Terrence Leonhardy was kidnapped by members of the People’s Revolutionary Armed Forces.

17 December Rome

Five terrorists pulled weapons from their luggage in the terminal lounge at the Rome airport, killing two persons.They then attacked a Pan American 707 bound for Beirut and Tehran, destroying it with incendiary grenades and killing 29 persons, including 4 senior Moroccan officials and 14 American employees of ARAMCO. They then herded 5 Italian hostages into a Lufthansa airliner and killed an Italian customs agent as he tried to escape, after which they forced the pilot to fly to Beirut. After Lebanese authorities refused to let the plane land, it landed in Athens, where the terrorists demanded the release of 2 Arab terrorists. In order to make Greek authorities comply with their demands, the terrorists killed a hostage and threw his body onto the tarmac. The plane then flew to Damascus, where it stopped for two hours to obtain fuel and food. It then flew to Kuwait, where the terrorists released their hostages in return for passage to an unknown destination.The Palestine Liberation Organization disavowed the attack, and no group claimed responsibility for it.

1974

19 August Cyprus

US Ambassador to Cyprus Rodger P. Davies and his Greek Cypriot secretary were shot and killed by snipers during a demonstration outside the US Embassy in Nicosia.

1975

27-29 January United States Puerto Rican nationalists bombed a Wall Street bar, killing four and injuring 60; two days later, the Weather Underground claims responsibility for an explosion in a bathroom at the US Department of State in Washington.

1976

27 June Uganda Members of the Baader-Meinhof Group and the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) seized an Air France airliner and its 258 passengers.They forced the plane to land in Uganda. On July 3 Israeli commandos successfully rescued the passengers.

21 September United States Exiled Chilean Foreign Minister Orlando Letelier was killed by a car-bomb in Washington.

1978

16 March Italy Premier Aldo Moro was seized by the Red Brigade and assassinated 55 days later.

1979

14 February Afghanistan Four Afghans kidnapped US Ambassador Adolph Dubs in Kabul and demanded the release of various “religious figures.” Dubs was killed, along with four alleged terrorists, when Afghan police stormed the hotel room where he was being held.

4 November Iran After President Carter agreed to admit the Shah of Iran into the United States, Iranian radicals seized the US Embassy in Tehran and took 66 American diplomats hostage. Thirteen hostages were soon released, but the remaining 53 were held until their release on 20 January 1981.

20 November Saudi Arabia Two hundred Islamic terrorists seized the Grand Mosque in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, taking hundreds of pilgrims hostage. Saudi and French security forces retook the shrine after an intense battle in which some 250 people were killed and 600 wounded.

1981

31 August West Germany The Red Army Faction [an offshoot of the Baader-Meinhof Group] exploded a bomb at the US Air Force Base at Ramstein, West Germany.

6 October Egypt Soldiers who were secretly members of the Takfir Wal-Hajira sect attacked and killed Egyptian President Anwar Sadat during a troop review.

4 December El Salvador Three American nuns and one lay missionary were found murdered outside San Salvador, El Salvador.They were killed by members of the National Guard, and the killers are currently in prison.

1982

14 September Lebanon President Bashir Gemayel was assassinated by a car bomb parked outside his party’s Beirut headquarters.

1983

8 April Colombia A US citizen was seized by the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) and held for ransom.

18 April Lebanon

Sixty-three people, including the CIA’s Middle East director, were killed and 120 were injured in a 400-pound suicide truck-bomb attack on the US Embassy in Beirut, Lebanon. The Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.

25 May El Salvador

A US Navy officer was assassinated by the Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front.

9 October Burma

North Korean agents blew up a delegation from South Korea in Rangoon, Burma, killing 21 persons and injuring 48.

23 October Lebanon

Simultaneous suicide truck-bomb attacks were made on American and French compounds in Beirut, Lebanon. A 12,000-pound bomb destroyed the US compound, killing 242 Americans, while 58 French troops were killed when a 400-pound device destroyed a French base. Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.

15 November Greece

A US Navy officer was shot by the 17 November terrorist group in Athens, Greece, while his car was stopped at a traffic light.

1984

16 March Lebanon

The Islamic Jihad kidnapped and later murdered US Embassy Political Officer William Buckley in Beirut, Lebanon. Other US citizens not connected to the US government were seized over a succeeding two-year period.

12 April Spain

Eighteen US servicemen were killed and 83 people were injured in a bomb attack on a restaurant near a US Air Force Base in Torrejon, Spain.

5 June India

Sikh terrorists seized the Golden Temple in Amritsar, India. One hundred people died when Indian security forces retook the Sikh holy shrine.

31 October India Premier Indira Gandhi was shot to death by members of her security force.

1985

1 January Japan

Three homemade rockets were launched by a time-delay mechanism at the US Consulate General in Kobe. The rockets caused neither damage nor casualties. The radical leftist group Chukaku-ha (Nucleus Faction) claimed credit.

8 January Lebanon

In West Beirut, Reverend Lawrence Jenco, US director of Catholic Relief Services in Beirut, was kidnapped as he was being driven to work from his residence. Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility. Reverend Jenco was released in July 1986.

15 January Belgium

The Communist Combatant Cells set off a car bomb in front of the US NATO Support Activity building outside Brussels. The bomb heavily damaged the building and blew out windows as far away as 100 meters. One US military policeman was injured.

25 January France

Gen. Rene Audran, the French Defense Ministry official in charge of international arms sales, was assassinated by an unknown assailant outside his home in Paris. An anonymous telephone caller claimed credit for the attack in the name of “Commando Elizabeth Van Dyck of Action Directe.”

28 January Portugal

Popular Forces of 25 April launched a mortar attack at NATO warships anchored in Lisbon harbor. None of the vessels was struck.

1 February West Germany In Munich two terrorists forced their way into the home of West German industrialist Ernst Zimmermann, tied him to a chair, and shot him in the head. He died 12 hours later.The Red Army Faction claimed responsibility for the attack in the name of Commando Patrick O’Hara, a member of the Irish National Liberation Army who died in a hunger strike in 1981.

2 February Greece

A popular bar in the Athens suburb of Glyfada was bombed by unknown terrorists, injuring 78 persons, included 57 US servicemen and their dependents. The Cypriot group National Front claimed responsibility, but Middle Eastern terrorists are considered possible suspects.

21 February Greece

The leftist terrorist organization 17 November gunned down a conservative Greek publisher on a busy Athens street and critically wounded his driver. Leaflets found at the scene strongly denounced Greece’s socialist government.

22 February France

In Paris terrorists exploded a bomb near the rear entrance of the Marks and Spencer department store shortly after the store opened, killing one person and injuring 15 others. In May 1986 French police arrested a Tunisian suspect linked to Middle Eastern terrorists in connection with this and other bombings.

28 February Kuwait

Four gunmen shot the assistant cultural attaché of the Iraqi Embassy and his son in their Kuwaiti home. No group claimed responsibility. Austria

The former Libyan Ambassador to Austria was severely wounded by two shots fired from a car outside his home in Vienna.The victim had supported Qadhafi’s seizure of power in 1969 but resigned his position in disgust at the regime in 1980.

1 March Northern Ireland

The Provisional Irish Republican Army launched nine mortar rounds at a Royal Ulster Constabulary compound in Newry. Several rounds made direct hits on a trailer serving as a temporary canteen for the police station. Nine officers were killed and 37 other persons, including 25 civilians, were wounded.

8 March Lebanon

In south Beirut an estimated 250 kilograms of explosives concealed in a car detonated near the home of Hizballah spiritual leader Muhammad Husayn Fadlallah, killing 80 persons and wounding more than 250 others. No group claimed responsibility.

12 March Canada

In Ottawa three members of the Armenian Revolutionary Army seized the Turkish Embassy, killing a guard.Turkish Ambassador Coskum Kirca escaped by jumping out of an upper story window but was injured by the fall. After four hours, the terrorists surrendered.

14 March Guadeloupe

In Point-a-Pitre, a bomb exploded at lunchtime in a crowded restaurant, killing one person and injuring 11 others. Four Americans were slightly injured. No group claimed responsibility for the incident, but the separatist Caribbean Revolutionary Alliance is suspected.

16 March Lebanon

In West Beirut gunmen abducted Terry Anderson, the chief Middle East correspondent for Associated Press. An anonymous caller claimed that Islamic Jihad was responsible.

21 March Greece, Italy, Cyprus

In Athens, Rome, and Nicosia, Jordanian airline offices were the targets of grenade attacks that injured five persons. In telephone calls to press agencies, claims of responsibility were made in the name of Black September, a cover name used by the Abu Nidal Group.

27 March Italy

In Rome the Red Brigades assassinated Rome University professor Enzo Tarantelli, an eminent labor economist involved with the Christian Democratic-oriented Confederation of Italian Labor.

Iraq

In Tikrit, President Saddam Hussein’s hometown, two car bombs exploded, killing 36 persons and injuring many more. One vehicle bomb reportedly exploded outside a Women’s Federation office and the other near the town’s Labor Federation office. No one claimed credit for the attacks.

6 April West Germany

In Bonn, an anti-Qadhafi Libyan student was killed by a Libyan gunman. The assassin also wounded two German passers-by, one seriously. The Libyan victim had been a target of the Qadhafi regime for at least two years.

12 April Spain

The El Descanso restaurant outside Madrid was bombed, killing 18 Spaniards and wounding another 82 persons, including 15 Americans. Individuals claiming to represent several terrorist groups—including the First of October Antifascist Resistance and Islamic Jihad—claimed responsibility. Middle Eastern terrorists are among the prime suspects.

10-12 May India

A coordinated bombing campaign by Sikh extremists left 85 persons dead and more than 150 wounded in New Delhi and other cities. More than a dozen bombs exploded in buses, bus stations, and other public places.

11, 15 May France

In Corsica the National Front for the Liberation of Corsica is suspected of setting off 15 bombs on 11 May and 17 more on 15 May. The blasts damaged cars, banks, and shops of mainland Frenchmen but caused no casualties.

14 May Sri Lanka

Tamil separatist guerrillas killed some 150 men, women, children, and Buddhist monks and nuns in a machinegun attack on the Buddhist shrine of Anuradhapura.The perpetrators escaped into a wildlife refuge and were never apprehended.

25 May Kuwait In Kuwait members of the Iranian-backed Dawa party carried out a car bombing on the motorcade of the Amir of Kuwait. Six people died in the explosion and ensuing melee, and 12 were injured.The Amir suffered minor injuries. Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.

28 May Lebanon

In West Beirut six gunmen kidnapped David Jacobsen, the US administrator of the American University Hospital, as he was walking from the campus to the adjacent hospital compound. Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.

10 June Lebanon

Gunmen kidnapped Thomas Sutherland, US dean of agriculture at the American University of Beirut, as he was leaving Beirut International Airport. Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.

14 June Lebanon Lebanese Shi’a gunmen hijacked TWA flight 847 en route from Athens to Rome and forced it to land in Beirut after two round trips from Beirut to Algiers.The hijackers released the hostages 17 days later, but, before they did, they killed US Navy diver Robert Stethem.

19 June West Germany

A bombing of the international terminal at Frankfurt’s Rhein-Main Airport left four persons dead and 60 injured. Among the groups that claimed responsibility were the Arab Revolutionary Organization, the Red Army Faction, and the socalled Peace Conquerors.

El Salvador

An armed attack on a café in San Salvador’s Zona Rosa district killed 13 persons, including six Americans.The Mardoqueo Cruz Urban Commandos of the Central American RevolutionaryWorker’s Party took credit for the attack.

20-21 June Nepal

Five bombs exploded in the capital of Katmandu and the western city of Pokhara on 20 June, leaving seven dead and at least 19 others injured. On 21 June three more bombs went off in the southern border town of Birgunj, killing one other person. These were the first terrorist bombings ever recorded in Nepal.Two previously unknown groups claimed credit.

23 June North Atlantic

A Shannon-bound Air India flight from Toronto was bombed over the North Atlantic, killing 329 passengers and crewmembers. Two Sikh organizations and a Kashmir separatist group claimed responsibility, but Sikh extremists probably carried out the attack.

Japan

A few hours after the explosion aboard the Air India flight, a bomb exploded in the baggage handling area of Tokyo’s Narita Airport, killing two Japanese workers. The suitcase containing the explosive device had arrived from Canada and was being transferred to another Air India jet bound for India. Although no group claimed credit for this incident, Sikh extremists are believed responsible.

1 July Spain

In Madrid a bomb exploded at the British Airways ticket office, killing one person and injuring 27 others.The blast gutted the premises and also wrecked a TWA office located directly above. Minutes later, a grenade was lobbed in to nearby offices of Royal Jordanian Airlines, and the front of the building was raked with small-arms fire.The Organization of the Oppressed, Revolutionary Organization of Socialist Muslims, and Black September claimed responsibility.

11 July Kuwait

In Kuwait two powerful bombs exploded within minutes of each other in two crowded outdoor cafes, killing eight people and injuring 89 others.The Arab Revolutionary Brigades, a cover name used by the Abu Nidal Group, claimed responsibility.

22 July Denmark

In Copenhagen simultaneous bombings damaged the Northwest Orient Airlines office and a synagogue, injuring 32 persons. A caller claiming to represent Islamic Jihad took responsibility.

29 July Spain

The Basque Fatherland and Liberty-Military Wing claimed credit for the machinegun attack that killed Vice Adm. Fausto Escrigas Estrada, the Director General of Defense Policy, as he drove to work in Madrid.

6 August Mozambique

The Mozambique National Resistance killed 33 persons in an attack on a funeral cortege in Tete Province near the Malawi border.

8 August West Germany

A car bombing at Rhein-Main airbase near Frankfurt killed two Americans and wounded 17 other persons. The West German Red Army Faction and the French Action Directe both claimed responsibility.

16 August Columbia

The 19th of April Movement claimed responsibility for the kidnapping in Bogota of an American oil company executive, Michael Stewart. Stewart, an employee of a Tenneco subsidiary, was released on 23 December.

20 August Egypt

In Cairo the Israeli administrative attaché was assassinated by gunmen in a passing car. His wife and secretary were wounded. The previously unknown group Egyptian Revolution claimed credit.

3 September Greece

Two grenades were thrown into the lobby of a Greek hotel in Glyfada, wounding 19 Britons. A caller to an Athens newspaper stated that Black September would conduct numerous attacks in Athens if Greek authorities did not release one of its members.

9 September Spain

In Madrid the Basque Fatherland and Liberty-Military Wing claimed responsibility for a remote-controlled car-bomb attack that injured 18 Spanish Civil Guardsmen and an American passer-by; the American later died of his injuries.

10 September El Salvador

President Duarte’s daughter Inez and a companion were kidnapped on a San Salvador university campus during a scuffle that left one security guard dead and another mortally wounded. Inez Duarte was held for nearly two months before being released in a prisoner swap involving approximately two dozen captured guerrillas. The Pedro Pablo Castillo Front claimed responsibility.

16 September Italy

Terrorists lobbed grenades into the Café de Paris restaurant in Rome, wounding 38 tourists, including nine Americans. The Revolutionary Organization of Socialist Muslims, a cover name used by the Abu Nidal Group, claimed responsibility.

25 September Italy

In Rome a bomb exploded in the British Airways office, injuring 15 persons. An Arab arrested while fleeing the scene claimed to be a member of the Revolutionary Organization of Socialist Muslims, a cover name used by the Abu Nidal Group.

30 September Lebanon

In Beirut three Soviet diplomats and a Soviet Embassy doctor were kidnapped. The body of one of the captives was found in aWest Beirut suburb on 2 October; the remaining hostages were released on 30 October.A Sunni Muslim group, Islamic Liberation Organization, claimed responsibility.

7 October Mediterranean Sea

The Italian cruise ship Achille Lauro was seized as it departed Alexandria, Egypt, for Port Said. Before surrendering to Egyptian authorities on 9 October, the terrorists killed US tourist Leon Klinghoffer. Abu Abbas’ Palestine Liberation Front was responsible.

6 November Colombia

Guerrillas belonging to the 19th of April Movement seized the Palace of Justice and held it for more than 27 hours. By the time the incident came to an end—after government troops stormed the building—some 90 people were dead, including 12 Supreme Court judges and more than 50 guerrillas.

23 November Malta

An Egyptian jetliner was hijacked from Athens to Malta. Before Egyptian commandos stormed the plane—killing some 60 persons who remained aboard—the terrorists murdered several persons, including an American woman, and wounded the other Americans on board. The Arab Revolutionary Brigades—a cover name used by the Abu Nidal Group—claimed responsibility for the hijacking jointly with the Egyptian Revolution.

24 November West Germany

A car bomb exploded in a parking lot adjacent to a US military shopping center in Frankfurt, wounding 32, mostly US military personnel and dependents. No group claimed responsibility, but Middle Eastern terrorists are suspected.

29 November Japan

Chukaku-ha cut National Railway communications cables in at least 16 places, firebombed a railway station, and burned a transformer facility in a well-executed assault that ultimately stranded 11 million commuters.

7 December France

The bombing of two department stores in Paris left about 35 holiday shoppers wounded. The Palestine Liberation Front, the Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia, and Islamic Jihad all claimed responsibility.

10 December Columbia

Approximately 60 armed guerrillas of the People’s Liberation Army attacked a Bechtel Corporation construction site in northern Colombia and kidnapped two US engineers, demanding $6 million for their release. One of the Americans died in captivity in early 1986; the other was released shortly thereafter.

27 December Italy and Austria

Near-simultaneous machinegun and grenade attacks at the Rome and Vienna airports left more than 20 persons dead, including five Americans, and some 120 wounded, including 20 Americans. Both incidents were carried out by the Abu Nidal Group.

1986

17 January Lebanon

A Spanish security official and two Lebanese employees of the Spanish Embassy were kidnapped at gunpoint in West Beirut on the same day Spain normalized relations with Israel. All three were released in February.

31 January Lebanon

Chae Do-sung, a South Korean diplomat, was kidnapped in Beirut. His abduction was later claimed by the “Fighting Revolutionary Cells”; his fate is unknown.

18 February Portugal

A bomb exploded in a car being inspected at the gate of the US Embassy in Lisbon. There were no casualties. The Portuguese terrorist group Popular Forces of 25 April claimed responsibility.

28 February Sweden

A lone gunman assassinated Prime Minister Olaf Palme on a Stockholm street. Although suspicion has centered on Kurdish groups, there have been no arrests and the murder remains unsolved.

8 March Lebanon

A four-man French TV crew was abducted in Beirut, probably by elements of Hizballah.Three of the captives were subsequently released.

13 March Syria

A powerful bomb exploded in a refrigerator truck under a bridge in a suburb of Damascus, killing perhaps 60 persons and wounding more than 100 others.The attack was probably related to Syria’s military role in Lebanon.

19 March Egypt

The wife of an Israeli Embassy employee was killed and three other Israelis were wounded when their care was fired on as they left the Cairo Trade Fair. Egypt’s Revolution, a Nasserite group, took credit.

29 March Lebanon

British citizens Leigh Douglas and Philip Padfield were kidnapped as they dined in West Beirut. They were found murdered three weeks later. Libya is believed responsible.

30 March West Berlin

A bomb destroyed the German-Arab Friendship Association, injuring seven persons. A Jordanian later convicted in the case admitted receiving the bomb from the Syrian Embassy in East Berlin.West Germany temporarily recalled its Ambassador to Damascus over the incident.

2 April Greece

A bomb exploded aboard TWA Flight 840 as it approached Athens airport, killing four American citizens.The device was similar to bombs used earlier in the decade by the Palestinian 15 May Organization, and a Lebanese woman who left the plane at an earlier stop is the leading suspect.

5 April West Berlin

A bomb exploded in a crowded discotheque, killing two American soldiers and a Turkish woman and wounding more than 200 others, including more than 70 Americans. Evidence of Libyan complicity led to the US bombing raids on Tripoli and Benghazi on 15 April.

11 April Lebanon

Unidentified gunmen abducted Brian Keenan, an Irish lecturer at the American University of Beirut. No group claimed responsibility, and his fate is unknown.

17 April United Kingdom

An Irish woman boarding an El Al jet in London was found to have a bomb in her carry-on luggage. Her Jordanian boyfriend was convicted in the attempt and implicated the Syrian Ambassador and his staff, who provided the bomb. Britain broke diplomatic relations with Syria over the incident.

Sudan

A communications officer of the American Embassy was shot and severely wounded in Khartoum. Libya is believed to have sponsored the attack in retaliation for the 15 April raids.

Lebanon

The bodies of American hostage Peter Kilburn (kidnapped in 1984) and British hostages Douglas and Padfield were discovered in Beirut. A group calling itself the Arab Revolutionary Cells claimed responsibility for the murders in retaliation for the US raid and British assistance to it.

Lebanon

The Revolutionary Organization of Socialist Muslims—a cover name used by the Abu Nidal organization—claimed to have “executed” British hostage Alec Collett (kidnapped in 1985) in retaliation for UK support of the US raids on Libya. No body was found, however, and his death cannot be confirmed.

Lebanon

British TV journalist, John McCarthy, was kidnapped by unknown assailants while en route to Beirut airport. His fate is unknown.

18 April Turkey

Authorities arrested two Libyan men as they approached a US officers’ club in Ankara with hand grenades. At their trial, they admitted receiving the grenades from the Libyan People’s Bureau, which had ordered the attack.

25 April North Yemen

A US Embassy communications officer was shot and severely wounded as he was driving his car in Sanaa. Libya is thought to have sponsored or inspired this attack as it did the one on 17 April in Khartoum.

3 May Sri Lanka

An explosion blew the tail off an Air Lanka jet preparing to leave Colombo airport for the Maldives. The dead included three Britons, three Frenchmen, three Sri Lankans, two Japanese, two Maldivians, two West Germans, and the wife of a PLO official.Tamil separatist guerrillas were responsible.

4 May Japan

The leftist radical group Chukaku-ha (Nucleus Faction) fired five homemade mortar shells as the heads of state were arriving for the opening session of the Western Economic Summit in Tokyo. The shells all missed their targets and caused no casualties.

7 May Lebanon

French businessman Camille Sontag was abducted in West Beirut, probably by Hizballah elements. He was released in November.

14 May Indonesia

Homemade mortar shells were fired at the US and Japanese Embassies in Jakarta and a car bomb exploded in the parking lot of the Canadian Embassy; there were no injuries and damage was limited to six parked cars. A previously unknown group calling itself the Anti-Imperialist International Brigade took credit. A member of the Japanese Red Army had rented the hotel room from which some of the projectiles were fired.

25 June Peru

Sendero Luminoso planted a bomb aboard a tourist train bound for the Inca ruins of Machu Picchu.When the bomb detonated, seven persons were killed and scores were wounded. Among the dead were two US citizens, one of them a little girl.

26 June Spain

A bomb placed in a suitcase partially detonated at Madrid’s Barajas Airport, wounding 11 persons.The device was meant to explode aboard an El Al flight to Tel Aviv. Police arrested a man claiming to belong to the Palestinian Abu Musa Fatah rebels.

9 July West Germany

The Red Army Faction murdered Seimens executive Dr. Karl-Heinz Beckurts with a remotely controlled bomb.The group singled out his role in the nuclear industry and research into the Strategic Defense Initiative in its claim letter.

12 July Philippines

American missionary, Brian Lawrence, was kidnapped from his home in Mindanao by a political faction opposed to the government of President Corazon Aquino. He was released the following month.

14 July Colombia

Guerrillas of the National Liberation Army (ELN) attacked two sections of the Occidental-Shell-Ecopetrol pipeline near the Venezuelan border.This was the first of dozens of similar attacks on the pipeline during 1986.

26 July Lebanon

American hostage Father Lawrence Jenco was set free in Beirut. He had been kidnapped in January 1985.

3 August Cyprus

At least three teams of gunmen attacked the British base area at Akrotiri with automatic weapons and mortars, slightly wounding two women.The attackers, probably sponsored by Libya and seeking revenge for Britain’s role in the 14 April US raids on Libya, withdrew without penetrating the base’s perimeter.

11 August Colombia

The body of American Edward Sohl was discovered. He had been abducted by the People’s Liberation Army in northern Colombia in December 1985. Sohl may have died in May; another engineer taken captive with him was released unharmed.

5 September Pakistan

Four Palestinian gunmen stormed aboard a Pan Am 747 in Karachi in an abortive hijacking attempt. By the time security personnel boarded the plane the next day, 21 persons, two of them Americans, had been killed. The four terrorists and an accomplice, members of the Abu Nidal organization, probably will be brought to trial in 1987.

6 September Turkey

Two Palestinian gunmen, members of the Abu Nidal organization, attacked a synagogue in Istanbul with grenades and automatic weapons, killing 22 persons and wounding seven others before blowing themselves up.

7 September Chile

Approximately 30 members of the Manuel Rodriguez Patriotic Front ambushed the motorcade of President Augusto Pinochet in Santiago, killing at least five security guards and wounding others. Pinochet himself was unharmed in the rocket and machinegun attack.

9 September Lebanon

Unidentified gunmen kidnapped Frank Reed, an adviser to the Lebanese International School, in Beirut. A caller took credit in the name of Islamic Jihad, but the group later denied responsibility.The “Revolutionary Justice Organization” also claimed credit.

12 September Lebanon

The Revolutionary Justice Organization took responsibility for abducting Joseph Cicippio in Beirut. Cicippio was the deputy comptroller of the American University.

14 September South Korea

A bomb exploded in a trash can at Seoul’s Kimpo Airport on the eve of the Asian Games. Five persons were killed and 29 others were wounded; all the casualties were South Koreans. The government blamed North Korean agents for the incident.

17 September France

Seven persons were killed and more than 60 others injured in Paris when a device went off in front of the crowded Tati clothing store.This was the 13th bombing in Paris conducted in two waves—February-March and September. Middle Eastern radicals seeking the release of three jailed terrorists claimed responsibility for both series of attacks.

15 October West Bank

Two attackers hurled hand grenades into a crowd of civilians and soldiers in a bus parking lot at East Jerusalem’s Western Wall. One person was killed and nearly 70 others wounded. Several Palestinian groups claimed responsibility for the incident.

21 October Lebanon

Freelance writer Edward Tracy was kidnapped in Beirut.The Revolutionary Justice Organization took responsibility. As of the end of the year, Reed, Cicippio, and Tracy—all of whose kidnappings were claimed by that group in 1986—were still being held.

3 November Lebanon

American hostage, David Jacobsen, was freed by his captors in Beirut. He had been held since May 1985 by elements of Hizballah.

5-29 November Colombia

Guerrillas of the ELN intensified their attacks, begun in July, on a partially American-owned oil pipeline near the Venezuelan border. They conducted 11 attacks in November alone and, on at least one occasion, staged two attacks on different sections on the same day.

17 November France

Members of the leftist terrorist group Action Directe murdered Georges Besse, president of Renault, near his Paris home. Besse may have been targeted because of an earlier role he played in developing the French nuclear industry.

25 December Saudi Arabia

An Iraqi airliner crashed in Saudi Arabia following a hijacking attempt; at least 62 of the 107 persons on board were killed, including two of the four hijackers. Several groups claimed credit, but Iranian-backed terrorists probably were responsible.

1987

21 February France

French police arrested the four top leaders of the terrorist group Action Directe (AD) in a farmhouse near Orleans.The arrests dismantled the leadership of AD’s international wing, leaving it with little, if any, operational capability.The group had conducted several attacks in 1986, including the assassination of Renault president Georges Besse.

18 March Djibouti

A bomb exploded at the “Café Historil,” known to be frequented by Europeans, killing five French citizens (four of whom were military), three West Germans, and three Djiboutians. Fifty persons were wounded, including 25 French nationals. The bomb was a delayed action device and was timed to go off when the café was crowded.The bomber was arrested a short time later: he was a Palestinian believed to have been working for Libya. His motive may have been to avenge recent Libyan defeats in Chad, attributed to French intervention.

20 March Italy

Italian Air Force Gen. Licio Giorgieri was shot and killed by two terrorists on a motorcycle while he was being driven home. Giorgieri was director general of armaments in the aerospace sector of the Italian defense ministry. The Red Brigades—Union of Combatant Communists (BR-UCC)—claimed responsibility for the attack. The murder spurred a major counter-terrorist effort by Italian authorities, and by the end of June more than 60 members of the group had been arrested in Italy, France, and Spain.

23 March West Germany

A large car bomb exploded outside an officers’ club at the British Army base at Rheindahlen, injuring over 30 persons, most of whom wereWest German military officers and their spouses, although they were not the intended targets. The Provisional Irish Republican Army PIRA) claimed responsibility.

24 April Greece

Sixteen American service men were injured when a bomb exploded alongside a Greek Air Force bus in which they were riding.The bomb had been placed in a metal container on a road near Piraeus and then detonated by remote control. Revolutionary Organization 17 November claimed responsibility for the attack. Although responsible for several previous assassinations of US citizens, this attack was the first time the group had used a bomb in an attempt to cause large numbers of casualties.

9 June Italy

In a series of incidents in Rome, a car bomb exploded outside the US Embassy, two crude rocket devices were launched into the US Embassy compound, and a bomb of similar construction was launched into the British Embassy compound. Some of the devices failed to explode. In all instances, damage was minor. The Anti-Imperialist International Brigade (AIIB)—believed to be a group associated with, if not part of, the Japanese Red Army—claimed responsibility for the attacks, which appear to have been timed to coincide with the Summit Seven economic conference in Venice.

17 June Lebanon

US journalist Charles Glass was kidnapped in Beirut along with the son of the Lebanese Defense Minister and their Lebanese driver. After intense Syrian pressure, the two Lebanese were released on 24 June and Glass claimed to have escaped on the night of 17-18 August.The Organization for the Defense of Free People—probably a cover name for Hizballah—claimed responsibility for the kidnapping.

14 July Pakistan

Two car bombs exploded in a busy shopping center in Karachi within minutes of each other, killing at least 70 and wounding more than 200 persons. The explosions occurred at peak hours in a crowded urban area. No group claimed responsibility, but we believe that the bombings were perpetrated by agents of the Afghanistan Ministry of State Security (WAD) as part of a ruthless campaign to deter the Pakistan Government from supporting anti-Communist guerrillas fighting in Afghanistan.

24 July Central African Republic/Italy/Switzerland

A lone gunman who boarded an Air Afrique flight in Bangui, Central African Republic, hijacked the plane as it left Rome. After landing in Geneva, the hijacker killed a French passenger and demanded the release from prison of the Hammadi brothers in West Germany, the Hizballah-backed terrorists in France, and Shia detainees in Israel. The incident ended the same day, after passengers aboard the airliner overpowered the hijacker.

8 August Honduras

A pipe bomb exploded outside a Chinese restaurant in Comayuga frequented by US servicemen stationed at the nearby Palmerola Airbase. Five US servicemen, one US contractor, and six Hondurans were injured. No group claimed responsibility for the attack; we believe it was carried out by Honduran leftists.

10 August Greece

A remotely controlled but apparently prematurely detonated bomb secreted in a parked car injured 10 members of a US Air Force flight crew as they traveled past in a bus. The bus, which was unmarked, was used exclusively to transport US Strategic Air command crewmembers to and from Hellenikon Airbase and their hotel.The Revolutionary Organization 17 November claimed responsibility for the attack.

26 October Philippines

Assassination units, known as sparrow squads, from the Communist New People’s Army murdered two US servicemen, a former US serviceman, and a Filipino businessman in four separate incidents near Clark Airbase. After a wait of several weeks, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Philippines claimed responsibility for the incidents.

30 October France

French authorities seized the vessel Eksund Ⅱ off the coast of Brittany with over 150 tons of Libyan-supplied arms destined for the Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA) on board. The weapons included surface-to-air missiles. Five crewmen with PIRA ties were arrested.

8 November Northern Ireland

The PIRA took responsibility for detonating a large bomb at Enniskillen 65 miles southwest of Belfast, which killed 11 civilians and injured more than 60 who were attending a memorial ceremony for Britain’s war dead.

25 November Zimbabwe

Zimbabwean dissidents attacked a farm operated by missionaries near Bulwayo and murdered 16 persons, including two US citizens.The victims were tied with barbed wire and then hacked to death with machetes, after which their bodies were burned.

29 November Burma/Andaman Sea

Korean Air Lines Flight 858 disappeared over the Andaman Sea off Burma, killing all 115 persons on board. Two North Korean intelligence agents—an elderly man and a young woman—were arrested in Bahrain on 4 December: the man committed suicide by taking a cyanide pill, the woman tried but failed. The survivor was expelled to South Korea where she subsequently confessed on television that she and her companion had planted a bomb on board the airliner when they boarded it in Baghdad. The two later disembarked in Abu Dhabi. The woman also stated that the operation had been planned by North Korean intelligence officials as part of a plan to destabilize the South Korean Government and disrupt the 1988 Olympic Games to be held in Seoul in September and October.

26 December Spain

Two grenades were thrown into a bar in Barcelona operated by the US United Services Organization (USO). One US sailor was killed and nine others wounded.Two Catalan separatist terrorist groups, the pro-Communist Terra Lliure and the Catalan Red Liberation Army, claimed responsibility for the attack.

1988

18 January Japan Unknown assailants launched five homemade rockets in the vicinity of Narita Airport.The airport tower, located near the passenger terminal, was the intended target. Authorities suspect Chukaku-ha (the Middle Core Faction), known for its opposition to the second-phase construction of the airport, was responsible for the attack.

21 January Greece

17 November failed in an attempt with a bomb to kill a Drug Enforcement Administration official outside his home in Athens.

17 February Lebanon

Pro-Iranian Hizballah terrorists kidnapped Lt. Col.William Higgins, USMC, Commander of the United Nations Truce Supervisory Organization’s Observer Group in Lebanon. The Organization of the Oppressed on Earth claimed responsibility.

20 February Senegal

Two Libyan terrorist operatives and one Senegalese were arrested at Dakar Airport for possession of arms and explosives.

23 March Colombia

An M-19 terrorist fired a light antitank rocket at the US Embassy, causing minor damage but no injuries.

25 March India

A lone gunman attacked a bus occupied by an Alitalia flight crew at the airport in Bombay and injured the aircrew’s captain. Indian authorities suspected the ANO, using a cover name, was responsible. The real target may have been an American crew.

5 April Middle East

Hizballah terrorists hijacked Kuwait Airways Flight 422 en route from Bangkok, Thailand, to Kuwait. Before the hijacking ended in Algeria on 20 April, the aircraft landed in Iran and Cyprus.The hijackers’ demand for the release of 17 Shia terrorists jailed in Kuwait was rejected, but they killed two Kuwaiti passengers in order to dramatize their demands.

14 April Italy

A car bomb exploded outside the USO club in Naples, killing five persons, including a US Navy enlisted woman. The Organization of Jihad Brigades (a JRA-associated group) claimed responsibility for the attack on the anniversary of the US bombing of Libya on 15 April 1986.

Colombia

Gunmen set off explosives in the USIS bi-national center in Medellin. This attack was claimed by M-19, which has received training and money from Libya.

15 April Spain

A bomb exploded outside a US Air Force communications facility near Humosa.The bomb substantially damaged the facility but caused no casualties. The timing of the attack suggested it was a protest against the 1986 bombing of Libya.

16 April Italy

The BR killed Italian Senator Roberto Ruffilli in his home.

Tunisia

Fatah Deputy Commander (Khalil al-Wazir Abu Jihad) was assassinated in Tunis. No group has claimed responsibility, but Palestinians publicly blamed Israel.

Peru

MRTA, which has Libyan links, claimed responsibility for two attacks against USIS bi-national centers in Lima, Peru.

19 April Costa Rica

A bomb exploded near the USIS bi-national cultural center in San Jose in which several persons were injured. A group with ties to Libya is the prime suspect.

28 April Greece

Hagop Hagopian, the Leader of ASALA, was shot and killed outside his home in Athens. Disgruntled members of the group may have been responsible.

1 May Netherlands

PIRA carried out two attacks on British soldiers as they left two nightclubs. The car bombing and shooting killed three and wounded another three servicemen.

10 May India

A powerful bomb exploded at the Citibank branch in New Delhi, killing one person and wounding at least 13 others. No group claimed responsibility, but Indian authorities believe a non-Indian group, possibly the JRA, rather than Sikh extremists, conducted the attack.

11 May Cyprus

A car bomb detonated near the Israeli Embassy, killing the driver and two others.The ANO claimed responsibility.

15 May Sudan

ANO terrorists, in nearly simultaneous attacks, fired machine guns and threw grenades in the British Sudan Club and the Acropole Hotel in Khartoum. Eight persons, including five UK citizens, were killed.

9 June Peru

Members of the MRTA fired three mortar rounds at the US Ambassador’s residence.

13 June Peru

SL terrorists killed a US citizen and Peruvian coworker in an ambush near Quicha Baja.

28 June Greece

17 November, with a car bomb, killed the US defense attaché near his home in Athens.

11 July Greece

The ANO is suspected in the attack aboard The City of Poros day-excursion ship that killed nine persons and wounded approximately 100. A bomb explosion in a car at the ship’s pier killed two suspected terrorist occupants.They may have been planning to carry out additional attacks on the ship when it arrived.

13 July West Germany

PIRA detonated a bomb at the British military barracks near Duisburg, injuring nine soldiers.

17 July Honduras

Cinchonero terrorists claimed credit for an attack on nine US servicemen in San Pedro Sula, wounding several.

8 August Bolivia

The Simon Bolivar Guerrilla Commando probably was responsible for detonating a bomb alongside the highway as US Secretary of State Shultz’s motorcade drove by on its way to La Paz.

11 September Japan

Police seized mortar launchers and a large amount of explosives in a raid on a warehouse on the outskirts of Niigata City. The warehouse was rented by Chukaku-ha (the Middle Core Faction) in the name of a construction company.

20 September West Germany

The RAF failed in an attempt to murder a West German Finance Ministry official involved in organizing the IMF/World Bank Conference in West Berlin.

26 October West Germany

West German authorities arrested 14 members of the PFLPGC led by central committee member Dalkamoni and seized weapons, ammunition, and Semtex explosives in a Frankfurt safe house.

5 November El Salvador

Suspected members of the FMLN fired a rocket at the Sheraton Hotel in San Salvador, causing minor damage but no injuries.

5 December Peru

SL terrorists brutally murdered two French development workers along with two Peruvian technicians in the south central department of Apurimac.

21 December Scotland

A Pan American 747 aircraft was destroyed in flight over Scotland by a bomb, most likely planted by terrorists although the investigation is not complete, killing 259 persons on board, including 189 Americans, and 11 others on the ground.

1989

10 January Greece

17 November fatally wounded Greek Public Prosecutor Kostas Androulidakis in Athens.

11 January France

Police arrested one of the top three leaders of the Spanish terrorist group Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA).

18 January Greece

17 November wounded Greek Supreme Court Deputy Public Prosecutor Panaylotis Tarasouleas in Athens.

23 January Greece

1 May assassinated Greek Supreme Court Deputy Public Prosecutor Anastasios Vernardos in Athens.

19 February Honduras

A bus carrying US military personnel near Comayagua was hit by a bomb blast, injuring three US military and two Honduran civilians.The Morazanist Patriotic Front (FPM) claimed responsibility.

27 February Peru

A bomb was thrown at the US Chancery in Lima, causing minor damage. Police arrested a member of Sendero Luminoso (SL) suspected of having thrown the bomb.

29 March Belgium

An unknown gunman shot and killed the Saudi Arabian Sunni Imam of Brussels’ largest mosque and his Tunisian librarian. The murder was probably a reaction to the Imam’s public opposition to Ayatollah Khomeini’s demand for the execution of author Salman Rushdie.

21 April The Philippines

“Sparrow units” of the New People’s Army assassinated US Army Col. James Rowe while en route to his office in Manila.

27 April Dominican Republic

Three bombs exploded in Santo Domingo: one at the USIS Binational Center, killing a child and injuring the mother; one at a restaurant, and another on a street in the capital’s business section. No group claimed responsibility.

4 May Greece

17 November wounded former Greek Minister of Public Order George Petsos with a car bomb as he was driving to work in Athens.

16 May Lebanon

Suspected radical Palestinian terrorists kidnapped two German relief workers, possibly in an attempt to influence the pending verdict on the accused Lebanese hijacker, Muhammad Ali Hammadi, which was before a West German court.

17 May West Germany

The Hesse State Supreme Court convicted and sentenced Hammadi to life imprisonment for his role in the June 1985 hijacking of TWA Flight 847 to Beirut, the murder of US Navy diver Robert Stethem, and the possession of explosives.

24 May Bolivia

Two Mormon missionaries were assassinated in La Paz by the Zarate Willka Forces of Liberation (FAL). The killings were probably meant to protest US counter narcotics efforts in Bolivia.

4 June United Arab Emirates

An Iranian dissident was assassinated, probably by Iranian intelligence officers.

5 July Peru

Thirty-three Soviet tourists were injured when a bus was bombed in Lima by the Sendero Luminoso.

13 July Austria

Three Iranian dissidents were assassinated in Vienna by Iranian agents. The victims were Kurdish activists, and one was the leader of the Iranian Kurdish Democratic Party. Later in the year, a Vienna court issued arrest warrants for three Iranians suspected of the murder.

Honduras

A bomb thrown from a car wounded seven US soldiers outside a discotheque in La Ceiba. The FPM carried out the attack to protest the presence of US troops in Honduras.

14 July France

Police arrested three important members of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA). The three were allegedly preparing for a terrorist attack against British military targets in West Germany.

26 July Saudi Arabia

Two bombs exploded during the hajj ceremonies, killing one and injuring over twenty others.

3 August United Kingdom

A Shia terrorist was killed assembling a bomb in a London hotel room. The terrorist was reportedly planning an attack to protest Salman Rushdie’s book, The Satanic Verses.

28 August Cyprus

One Iranian dissident was assassinated, another injured in an attack by armed gunmen. Iranian intelligence officers probably were responsible for carrying out the assassination.

2 September France

Police arrested five members of a Parisian cell of the Italian Red Brigades-Fighting Communist Party faction. 5-6 September Italy Police arrested four members of the Red Brigades who were linked to a cell arrested in France days before.

7 September West Germany

PIRA killed the West German wife of a British soldier in a Dortmund military housing area.

12 September Spain ETA gunmen assassinated Carmen Tagle, a public prosecutor in Madrid, in the first successful attack by ETA against a member of the Spanish judicial system.

19 September Niger

A bomb exploded aboard UTA Flight 772 over Niger, killing 171 persons, including seven US citizens. Individuals alleging affiliation with either Hizballah or Chadian separatists claimed responsibility for the attack.

22 September United Kingdom

PIRA killed 10 British servicemen in a bombing at the Royal Marine School of Music in Kent.

26 September Chile

The Arnoldo Camu Command (ACC) detonated a bomb across the street from the US Embassy in Santiago, slightly injuring a contract guard.

The Philippines

The New People’s Army killed two US civilian Department of Defense contractors in their vehicle north of Clark Airbase, apparently timed to coincide with the arrival of the US Vice President in Manila.

Greece

17 November assassinated Pavlos Bakoyannis, a member of the Greek Parliament and son-in-law of the leader of the New Democracy Party.

3 October Belgium

A prominent Jewish leader in Brussels was assassinated.The “Soldiers of the Right” claimed responsibility.

6 October Lebanon

Radical Palestinians were probably responsible for the kidnapping of two Swiss International Red Cross workers outside Sidon, possibly to embarrass PLO Chairman Arafat or to obtain ransom for the hostages.

16 October Turkey

A Saudi diplomat was seriously injured when a bomb exploded in his car. Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility for the attack.

22 October Greece

Revolutionary Popular Struggle firebombed three cars belonging to US Air Force personnel in Athens. The next day, an incendiary device was found under another airman’s car.

24 October The Netherlands

A bomb destroyed the Spanish Consulate General’s private vehicle parked near his residence in The Hague.The Spanish terrorist group ETA claimed responsibility.

25 October Peru

SL probably was responsible for detonating a car bomb in front of the US Marine House in Lima; two other bombs exploded outside the Soviet and Chinese Embassies within 20 minutes of each other.

26 October West Germany

PIRA murdered a British soldier and his six-month-old daughter in a shooting in Wildenrath.

27 October The Netherlands

Bombs exploded at two separate offices of the Spanish Embassy in The Hague. ETA claimed responsibility.

1 November Lebanon

A Saudi official was assassinated by three gunmen in West Beirut. Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility for the attack.

30 November West Germany

The Red Army Faction (RAF) claimed responsibility for the bombing that killed Deutsche Bank Chairman Alfred Herrhausen and injured the driver of his armored car.The bomb was concealed in the saddlebags of a bicycle propped against a road marker near Herrhausen’s residence outside Frankfurt. The bomb was wired to an electrical device hidden in nearby bushes and triggered by a light beam that spanned the road.

6 December The Netherlands

Rockets were launched at the Spanish Ambassador’s residence, which is co-located with the Spanish Embassy in The Hague. Damage was minimal and no injuries resulted. ETA claimed responsibility.

16 December Belgium

A Syrian diplomat escaped an attempted assassination when two grenades were discovered attached to the undercarriage of his car in Brussels.

20 December Bolivia

The FAL claimed responsibility for detonating a bomb outside the US Embassy in La Paz to protest US military action in Panama.

21 December Sweden

A Swedish Court convicted four Palestinians of complicity in a series of bombings in Stockholm, Copenhagen, and Amsterdam in 1985-86.

1990

13 January Peru

Sendero Luminoso (SL) terrorists singled out and shot two French tourists aboard a bus traveling in the Apurimac department. Peruvian passengers were forced to pay the terrorists money but were unharmed.

15 January Peru

Tupac Amanu Revolutionary Movement (MRTA) terrorists bombed the US Embassy in Lima, injuring three guards.

19 January The Philippines Members of the Moro National Liberation Front killed two Swiss Red Cross workers and wounded a third during an ambush on Mindanao.

1 February Thailand Three officials of the Saudi Arabian Embassy in Bangkok were assassinated in two separate attacks. One official was gunned down at his home, and the other two were shot in a car outside their residences. Iranian surrogates are believed to have been responsible.

4 February Egypt Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) terrorists attacked an Israeli tour bus en route from Rafah to Cairo, killing 11 persons—including nine Israeli citizens—and wounding 17 others.

8 February Peru An American tourist was shot and killed at an Inca fortress near Cuzco. Sendero Luminoso may have been responsible, although a criminal motive has not been ruled out.

19 February Greece

The Revolutionary Solidarity terrorist group shot and killed a Greek psychiatrist in Athens as he was walking to his car. In a letter, the group stated he was killed because of his work at the Korydallos prison.

2 March Panama

An unidentified assailant tossed a grenade inside a bar frequented by Americans, killing one US serviceman and injuring 15 others. Fourteen Panamanians were also injured in the attack.

6 March The Philippines

An American citizen was assassinated by members of the New People’s Army (NPA) for refusing to pay “revolutionary taxes” levied against his ranch.

30 March Lebanon

The Polish Ambassador and his Lebanese wife were shot and wounded in Beirut. A previously unknown Arab group claimed responsibility for the attack, threatening to strike again if Poland continued to assist the emigration of Soviet Jews to Israel.

31 March Honduras

Four terrorists attacked a US Air Force bus near Tegucigalpa, injuring eight persons.The Morazanist Patriotic Front claimed responsibility.

3 April Pakistan

A bomb concealed in a box of apples exploded in a crowded bazaar in Lahore, killing five persons and wounding 50.The Afghan secret police is believed responsible.

14 April Chile

Suspected members of the Manuel Rodriguez Patriotic Front (FPMR) hurled explosive devices into the US Consular annex compound in Santiago, injuring one contract guard and damaging two vehicles.

24 April Switzerland

An exiled Iranian political leader was shot and killed near Geneva while driving home. Agents of the Iranian Government are believed responsible.

13 May The Philippines

NPA assassins shot and killed two US Air Force airmen near Clark Airbase.The killings came on the eve of the Philippines-US exploratory talks on the future of the US military bases in the Philippines.

27 May The Netherlands

Two Australian tourists where shot and killed in Roermond by members of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA). The claim letter acknowledged the group had killed the Australians by mistake, believing them to be British soldiers.

28 May Israel

One person was killed and nine wounded in a pipe-bomb explosion at a market in Jerusalem. Several Palestinian groups claimed responsibility.

30 May Israel

Israeli forces aborted a sea borne attack on the beaches at Tel Aviv mounted by the Palestine Liberation Front (PLF). Four PLF members were killed and 12 arrested.

2 June Germany

A British Army artillery officer was shot and killed by three attackers in Dortmund while returning home from a social event with his wife. PIRA issued a statement in Dublin claiming responsibility.

6 June Lebanon

A rocket was fired at the Romanian Embassy in Beirut, injuring one person. The “Revolutionary Action Organization” claimed the attack was to protest Romania’s role in facilitating Jewish immigration to Israel.

10 June Bolivia

A prominent Bolivian businessman was kidnapped in La Paz by the Nestor Paz Zamora Commission (CNPZ), which demanded payment of a ransom. In December he was shot and killed moments before local police stormed the building in which he was held.

Greece

A rocket fired from a bazooka was launched at the offices of Proctor and Gamble in Athens, causing extensive property damage but no injuries. Revolutionary Organization 17 November claimed responsibility for the attack.

13 June The Philippines

An American Peace Corps worker was abducted from his home by NPA terrorists. No ransom was paid, and he was released unharmed on 2 August.

23 June Israel

A pipe bomb exploded on a crowded beach at Ein Gedi, wounding two Israelis and two West Germans.

18 July Peru

MRTA exploded a dynamite bomb at the US Bi-national Center in Cuzco, injuring four students.

27 July Germany

The Red Army Faction attempted to kill interior Ministry State Secretary Hans Neusel with a bomb attached to a guardrail on a highway exit ramp near the Interior Ministry.

28 July Israel

A pipe bomb exploded on a beach in Tel Aviv, killing a Canadian tourist and wounding 20 others.

30 July United Kingdom

Member of Parliament Ian Gow was killed in front of his home by a bomb planted by the Provisional Irish Republican Army.

26 September Turkey

Gunmen assassinated the former Deputy Director of the Turkish National Intelligence Agency in Istanbul.The Dev Sol group claimed responsibility.

27 September Djibouti

Grenades thrown from a passing car exploded in the Café de Paris, killing a French boy and injuring 15 other French citizens. At approximately the same time, grenades were also thrown at the Café L’Historil but did not explode. A previously unknown group, the Djibouti Youth Movement, claimed responsibility.

10 October Bolivia

Members of the Nestor Paz Zamora Commission exploded a bomb and fired automatic weapons at the US Embassy Marine Guard residence in La Paz, killing one Bolivian guard and wounding another. The explosion caused major structural damage to the building.

12 October Egypt

Local Islamic extremists killed Egypt’s Assembly speaker during an assault on his motorcade in Cairo.

23 October France

An Iranian dissident leader of the Flag of Freedom Organization was assassinated in his Paris apartment. Agents of the Iranian Government were probably responsible.

24 October Northern Ireland

A PIRA car bomb, driven by a civilian whose family was being held hostage, killed five soldiers and the civilian driver at a Londonderry checkpoint.

3 November Chile

A bomb exploded in front of a restaurant in Vina del Mar, injuring eight persons, including three US sailors.The Manuel Rodriguez Patriotic Front-Dissident Faction (FPMR/D) was probably responsible.

8 November Peru

MRTA exploded a bomb in the park adjacent to the US Ambassador’s residence and attacked his home with automatic weapons. No injuries resulted.

17 November Chile

A bomb concealed in a softball bat exploded at the national stadium in Santiago during a softball game between the University of Chile and the American Chamber of Commerce. One Canadian was killed, and a US Embassy officer was wounded.The FPMR/D was probably responsible.

20 November Greece

The car in which a Greek industrialist was riding narrowly missed being struck by three rockets fired at close range by the Revolutionary Organization 17 November.

10 December Peru

Sendero Luminoso terrorists exploded a car bomb near the US Embassy in Lima. No injuries or damage resulted.

Peru

Terrorists armed with dynamite destroyed a Mobil Oil Company exploration camp in the Upper Huallaga Valley. They also used the camp’s helicopters to dynamite other nearby Mobil installations. Sendero Luminoso was probably responsible.

16 December Chile The Lautaro Youth Movement fired automatic weapons and threw incendiary bombs at a Mormon church in Santiago. The church was destroyed, but no injuries resulted.

1991

2 January El Salvador

Two US crewmen, Lt. Col. David Pickett and crew chief PFC Earnest Dawson, were executed after their helicopter was downed by Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front (FMLN) militants in San Miguel department. A third American, Chief Warrant Officer Daniel Scott, died of injuries he received when the helicopter was shot down.

12 January Afghanistan

Hezb-I-Islami (Hekmatyar) kidnapped four Swiss Red Cross workers outside Qandahar.

18 January Indonesia

A bomb was discovered outside the US Ambassador’s residence in Jakarta. The device was probably place by Iraqi agents.

19 January Philippines

A bomb carried by two Iraqi agents detonated prematurely near the USIS library in Manila. One was killed; the second was seriously injured.

31 January Yemen

Gunmen threw dynamite at the residences of the Turkish and Japanese Ambassadors and attacked the US Embassy.

Peru

MRTA terrorists fired shots and an antitank weapon at the US Embassy.

3 February Saudi Arabia

Unknown assailants fired upon a bus transporting US Air Force personnel, wounding two US airmen and a Saudi guard.

7 February United Kingdom

Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA) conducted an improved mortar attack against the residence of Prime Minister John Major in London.Three mortar rounds were fired from a parked van nearby.There were no deaths or serious injuries.

Turkey

Dev Sol shot and killed a US citizen contractor as he was getting into his car to travel to work at Incirlik Air Base in Adana.

13 February Germany

The Red Army Faction (RAF) claimed responsibility for firing approximately 250 rounds of small-arms fire at the US Embassy in Bonn.This was the first RAF attack against a US target since 1985.

16 February Chile

Manual Rodriguez Patriotic Front dissidents (FPMR/D) claimed responsibility for an antitank rocket attack on a US Marine security guard van in Santiago, injuring one marine.

20 February Iran

Concussion grenades were thrown at the British, Italian, and Turkish Embassies in Tehran.A claim of responsibility was issued by Islamic Jihad.

23 February Japan

Chukaku-ha attacked a US Navy housing compound in Yokohama with projectiles, causing minor damage.

28 February Turkey

Two Dev Sol gunmen shot and wounded a US Air Force officer as he entered his residence in Izmir.

2 March Sri Lanka

State Minister for Defense Wijerate was killed in a car bombing in Colombo along with 50 other victims. Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) probably was responsible.

12 March Greece

US Air Force Sergeant Ronald Odell Stewart was killed by a remote control bomb detonated at the entrance of his apartment building in Athens.The Revolutionary Organization 17 November claimed the attack was in response to “the genocide of 13,000 Iraqis.”

22 March Turkey

Three members of Dev Sol assassinated John Gandy, a US civilian contractor, in his Istanbul office.

26 March Singapore

Four Pakistanis claiming to be members of the Pakistani People’s party hijacked a Singapore Airlines flight en route from Kuala Lumpur to Singapore and demanded the release of several people reportedly imprisoned in Pakistan. Singapore counter terrorism units stormed the plane and killed the hijackers.

28 March Saudi Arabia

Three US marines were shot at and injured by an Arab while driving near Camp Three, Jubial.

31 March India

A Kashmiri separatist group, the Muslim Janbaz Force (MJF), kidnapped two Swedish engineers.They escaped on 5 July.

1 April Germany

RAF killed Detlev Rohwedder, a leading German businessman, in a sniper attack on his Duesseldorf home.

19 April Greece

Seven people, including six Greeks, were killed in Patras when explosives carried by a Palestinian student detonated prematurely.

France

An Iranian dissident leader was stabbed and killed in the lobby of his apartment building in Paris.

17 May Peru

Sendero Luminoso (SL) killed the Canadian director of the humanitarian organization World Mission and seriously injured his Colombian assistant in a Lima suburb.

21 May India

Former Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi was assassinated by a suspected LTTE suicide bomber while campaigning in southern India. Seventeen others also died in the bombing.

22 May Peru

An Australian nun and four Peruvian officials were executed by SL after a “people’s trial” in a rural village.

29 May Spain

Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA) claimed responsibility for a car bombing that destroyed a Civil Guard barracks near Barcelona, killing nine and injuring over 50.

5 June Peru

A Soviet textile technician was ambushed and killed by four SL members in Lima.

23 June Honduras

The Morazanist Patriotic Front (FPM) launched an RPG-7 rocket at the UN Observer Group headquarters in Tegucigalpa, causing some damage.

26 June India

A Kashmiri separatist group kidnapped one Dutch and seven Israeli tourists in Srinagar. One Israeli was killed in an escape attempt.

1 July India

A Soviet engineer was killed trying to escape after being kidnapped (along with 14 Indians) by United Liberation Front of Assam (ULFA) militants in Assam.

3, 12 July Italy, Japan

The Italian translator of Salman Rushdie’s book The Satanic Verses was stabbed and beaten by a man believed to be Iranian on 3 July in Milan. The Japanese translator of the book was stabbed to death in Tokyo on 12 July.

7 July Afghanistan

Two private American agricultural consultants were kidnapped by Afghan militants in Joghere. One man was released in mid-October, the other in December.

11 July France

A founder and former director of Dev Sol was assassinated in Paris by probable Dev Sol members.

12 July Peru

Three Japanese agronomists were assassinated by 10 SL members at a Japanese-funded rural research center.

16 July Greece

A remote control car bomb injured the Turkish Charge D’Affaires and two other members of the Turkish Embassy in Athens. 17 November claimed responsibility for the attack.

2 August Turkey

The Kurdish Worker’s Party (PKK) kidnapped 10 German tourists near Lake Van. The tourists were released on 9 August.

6 August France

Former Iranian Prime Minister Shapur Bakhtiar and his aide were assassinated in Paris.

8 August Lebanon

British hostage John McCarthy was released from captivity.A French aid worker was kidnapped in Beirut by probably Hizballah elements in protests of the McCarthy release. The Frenchman was freed by his captors 11 August.

9 August Peru Two Polish priests were shot and killed by SL members in a remote rural area; a local mayor was also murdered, and an Italian nun was held for several hours.

10 August Philippines

A grenade attack on a cultural show killed two youth missionaries—a Swede and a New Zealander. Muslim separatists are suspected in the attack.

11 August Lebanon

American hostage Edward Tracy was released from captivity.

19 August Turkey Dev Sol claimed responsibility for the fatal shooting of a British businessman in his Istanbul office.

20 August Romania

The Indian Ambassador to Romania was wounded in a drive-by assassination attempt in Bucharest. The Khalistan Liberation Front (KLF), a Sikh terrorist group, claimed credit.

25 August Peru

An Italian priest was killed in an ambush on his car by SL members.

30 August Turkey

Suspected PKK terrorists kidnapped three Americans, a Briton, and an Australian near Bingol.The hostages were released unharmed on 21 September.

6 September Former USSR

An unsuccessful assassination attempt was made against the Azerbaijani President. The opposition Azeri Popular Front (APF) is suspected.

13 September Lebanon

Palestinian guerrillas seized a group of UN peacekeeping soldiers in south Lebanon after the guerrillas failed to reach Israel by sea. They had apparently intended to carry out a terrorist attack in Israel. One Swedish officer was killed and five other officers were wounded in an ensuing gun battle between the guerrillas and a force of Israeli troops and Lebanese militiamen.

24 September Lebanon

British hostage Jack Mann was released from captivity.

7 October Greece

ATurkish Embassy press attaché was shot and killed near his home in Athens by two 17 November assassins. The group denounced the Turkish presence in Cyprus.

9 October India

The Khalistan Liberation Front kidnapped the Romanian Charge D’Affaires in New Delhi in an unsuccessful effort to force the release of other terrorists jailed in India. He was released 26 November.

14 October India

A French engineer was kidnapped by the Muslim militant group, Al Fatah, in Kashmir.The group demanded the release of 11 jailed members.

22 October Lebanon

American hostage Jesse Turner was released from captivity.

28 October Turkey

Two car bombings killed a US Air Force sergeant and severely wounded an Egyptian diplomat. Turkish Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.

West Bank

Gunmen fired on a bus carrying Israeli settlers, killing two Israelis and wounding several others. The PIJ and The PFLP claimed responsibility.

29 October Lebanon

A rocket struck the edge of the US Embassy in Beirut.There were no casualties.

30 October Pakistan

The Afghan director of the Austrian Relief Committee was wounded when unidentified gunmen fired upon his vehicle near Peshawar.

8 November Lebanon

A 100-kg car bomb destroyed the Administration Building of the American University in Beirut, killing one person and wounding at least a dozen.

18 November Lebanon

American hostage Thomas Sutherland and British hostage Terry Waite were released from captivity.

25 November Pakistan

The Afghan director of an English language program run by the International Rescue Committee was assassinated by unidentified gunmen in Peshawar.

2 December Lebanon

American hostage Joseph Cicippio was released from captivity.

3 December Lebanon

American hostage Alann Steen was released from captivity.

4 December Lebanon

American hostage Terry Anderson was released from captivity.

19 December Hungary

ASALA claimed responsibility for a failed attempt on the life of the Turkish Ambassador in Budapest.

22 December Lebanon

The remains of American hostage Col.William R. Higgins were recovered and flown back to the United States for burial at Quantico National Cemetery.

27 December Lebanon

The remains of American hostage William Buckley were recovered and flown back to the United States for burial at Arlington National Cemetery.

28 December Hungary

A car bomb exploded near a bus transporting Soviet Jewish immigrants to Israel, injuring two policemen who were guarding the bus.

1992

9 January Pakistan An Afghan working for the UN Operation Salam mine awareness program was shot and killed outside his home Peshawar.

17 January Philippines

Michael Barnes, Vice President and General Manager of Philippine Geothermal, Incorporated, and Vice President of the American Chambers of Commerce, was kidnapped in Manila by members of the Red Scorpion Group, a gang comprised of some former New People’s Army members and criminal elements. On 18 March he was rescued by elements of the Philippine National Police and other government forces during a coordinated raid.

21 January Colombia

US citizen Edward Faught was kidnapped in Bagre, Antioquia Department, by suspected National Liberation Army terrorists. He was released from captivity on 30 November 1992 in El Bagre, Colombia.

Colombia

Suspected Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) guerrillas kidnapped US citizen Michael James, a geologist, in Mutata, Antioquia Department. James was released on 3 March near the place from which he had been taken.

11 February Peru

Probable Sendero Luminoso terrorists car-bombed the US Ambassador’s residence in Lima.The blast killed three policemen and wounded a fourth and several passers-by.

7 March Turkey

A bomb place under a car exploded in the Cankaya District of Ankara, killing the Israeli Embassy’s security attaché and seriously injuring two Turkish boys.

17 March Argentina

Hizballah terrorists truck-bombed the Israeli Embassy in Buenos Aires. Islamic Jihad—a cover name for Hizballah—publicly claimed responsibility for the attack and provided a videotape of the Embassy taken before the bombing to authenticate the claim. The three-story Embassy was leveled, and a nearby church, school, retirement home, and private residences were seriously damaged. Casualties totaled 29 dead and 242 wounded.

20 March Iraq

Assailants in Baghdad attacked a car belonging to the Embassy of the Islamic Republic of Iran.Two Iranian diplomats were beaten during the attack.

27 March Colombia

A bomb destroyed the façade of the US-owned Diners Club in Bogota and killed one employee. Five passersby were injured. FARC claimed responsibility for the attack.

22 April Afghanistan

An Icelandic employee of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) was murdered by an unidentified mujahid in the town of Kowt-e Ashrow (Maidanshar) outside Kabul.

23 April India

A bomb exploded in New Delhi at the Loomis Restaurant in the Vivek Hotel.Thirteen foreign tourists and two Indian waiters were injured.

20 May Kuwait

Two Romanian circus performers were wounded when four assailants attacked their bus with machine guns. No one claimed responsibility.

10 June Panama

A US Army vehicle was raked with gunfire between Panama City and Colon, killing the driver and wounding the passenger and a civilian bystander.

14 June Pakistan

Unidentified assailants killed a Japanese engineer working in Peshawar for the United Nations.

3 July Spain

Two bombs exploded in an underground parking lot on the main street of San Sebastian, where the first Tour de France bicyclists were expected to arrive on 4 July. The explosion caused one injury and two cars were damaged.

6 July Iraq

The wife of French President Francois Mitterrand escaped injury in a car-bomb attack near the town of Hawana, Iraq. Four people were killed, and at least 19 others were injured.

8 July Iraq

Two UN soldiers were wounded in a grenade attack in Irbil.

15 July Egypt

Three armed assailants attacked a tour bus near Luxor, slightly injuring four tourists.

17 July Iraq

A UN guard was assassinated in Dahuk.

20 July Iraq

A bomb explosion destroyed a UN vehicle near Sulaymaniyah. Two UN soldiers were injured.

21 July Peru

Suspected Sendero Luminoso terrorists detonated a car bomb near the front entrance of the Bolivian Embassy in Lima.The bomb injured 15 people and caused severe structural damage.

24 July Peru

Five American Airlines workers in charge of cleaning and loading tasks were wounded by a bomb that exploded at Lima’s Jorge Chavez Airport.

4 August Germany

A dissident Iranian poet was stabbed and killed in Bonn.

25 August Algeria

A bomb exploded in Algiers at the Houari Boumedienne International Airport, near the Air France ticket counter, killing 12 people and inuring at least 128.

5 September Colombia

The Simon Bolivar National Guerrilla Coordinating Board detonated an explosive device on a pipeline, spilling an estimated 10,000 barrels of oil.Three children died and five persons were injured.

9 September Turkey

Probably Kurdistan Workers Party terrorists attacked the Mobil exploration site neat the city of Batman. Several non-American workers were wounded.

17 September Germany

Four Kurdish separatists from Iran were assassinated at a Greek restaurant in Berlin. One of the three was the leader of the Kurdish Democratic Party of Iran whose predecessor was assassinated by Iranian agents in Austria in 1989.

2 October Peru

Five Sendero Luminoso terrorists assassinated an Italian lay missionary Jangas.

12 October Iraq

A US soldier serving with the United Nations was stabbed and wounded near the port of Umm Qasr.

21 October Egypt

A bus carrying foreign tourists was attacked by two unidentified gunmen in Dayrut, southern Egypt. One British tourist was killed, and two others were wounded.

23 October Colombia

British businessman Arthur Kessler was kidnapped in Magdalena by the FARC guerrilla movement. He was killed by the FARC the next day during a Colombian military rescue attempt.

2 November Iraq

A bomb exploded in a market near the headquarters of the UN guard contingent in Irbil. One person was killed, and 16 were injured.

7 December Jordan

Two assailants shot and killed an Iraqi nuclear scientist near his residence in Amman.

25 December Rwanda

Twenty people, including four French soldiers, were injured when a bomb exploded in a Kigali nightclub.

28 December Peru

Sendero Luminoso guerrillas detonated car bombs at the Japanese and Chinese Embassies in Lima, causing injuries and damaging more than 60 homes and buildings. At least 12 people were injured by the car bomb at the Japanese Embassy; all were bystanders, neighbors, or in passing vehicles.

29 December Yemen

An explosion at the Gold Mihor Hotel in Aden killed an Austrian national and seriously injured his wife. About 100 US soldiers, part of Operation Restore Hope in Somalia, had been staying in Aden since mid-December.

1993

22 January Peru

Terrorists detonated a van bomb at a Coca-Cola plant in central Lima, causing serious damage to the plant. At least two persons were killed, and two others were injured. Later that day, a car bomb detonated at another Coca-Cola plant in Lima, causing only slight material damage.

26 January Turkey

Well-known Turkish journalist Ugur Mumcu, noted for his criticism of Islamic extremism and separatism, was killed when a bomb exploded under his car outside his apartment in Ankara.

28 January Turkey

Police bodyguards foiled an attempt to ambush the motorcade of a prominent Jewish businessman and community leader in Istanbul. Police recovered an RPG-18 rocket at the scene and, on 30 January, arrested two of the terrorists as they fled toward the Iranian border.

Peru

Terrorists exploded a car bomb in front of the IBM headquarters building in Lima. Major damage was caused, and 11 passers-by and employees were injured.

31 January Panama

A large group of FARC terrorists from Colombia kidnapped three US missionaries—Mark Rich, David Mankins, and Rick Tenenoff—from the New Tribes Mission at a location near the Colombian border. A $5 million ransom has been demanded. FARC produced proof that the three missionaries were still alive in December through taped messages from the hostages to their wives. FARC is still holding the hostages.

4 February Egypt

A molotov cocktail bomb was lobbed at a tour bus as South Korean passengers waited to embark at a hotel outside Cairo. The Islamic extremist terrorist group al-Gama’a al-lslamiyya claimed responsibility for the attack.

23 February Colombia

Eight ELN terrorists kidnapped US citizen Lewis Manning, an employee of the Colombian gold-mining company Oresom, in the Choco area. In December, the International Committee of the Red Cross received a photograph of the hostage as proof that he was still alive.

26 February Egypt

A Swedish,Turkish, and an Egyptian citizen were killed when a bomb exploded inside a cafe in downtown Cairo. US citizens Jill Papineau and Raymond Chico, a Canadian, and a Frenchman, and 14 others were wounded.

United States

Terrorists exploded a massive van bomb in an underground parking garage below the World Trade Center in New York City. Six people were killed, and some 1,000 others were injured. A group of Islamic extremists was later arrested.

3 March Former Yugoslavia

Terrorists exploded a small bomb, probably a handgrenade, in front of the US Embassy in Belgrade, causing minor damage.

7 March Germany Terrorists firebombed the Turkish Consulate in Hamburg, causing little damage. Police arrested four people.

8 March Costa Rica

Four terrorists took 25 persons hostage in the Nicaraguan Embassy in San Jose, including the Nicaraguan Ambassador. The hostages were held for several days while negotiations were conducted. On 21 March, the occupation of the Embassy concluded peacefully, and, after the hostages were released, the terrorists were permitted to leave the country.

16 March Italy

Two terrorists on a motorscooter shot and killed a leading Iranian dissident while he was traveling in his car in Rome.

22 March Iraq

A Belgian official from a nongovernment organization involved in relief efforts in northern Iraq was shot and killed while traveling on the road between lrbil and Sulaimaniyah.

15 April Kuwait

Kuwaiti authorities arrested 17 people as they attempted to infiltrate Kuwait from Iraq. Another person was arrested later, and a large car bomb and weapons were recovered. Fourteen are charged with being part of an Iraqi Government plot to assassinate former President Bush while he was visiting Kuwait.

20 April Egypt

Terrorists attempted to assassinate Egyptian Information Minister Safwat Sharif in Cairo by firing shots at his motorcade. The Minister was slightly injured, and his bodyguard was seriously wounded. Al-Gama’a al-lslamiyya claimed responsibility for the attack.

13 May Chile

Three terrorists entered a Mormon church in Santiago, overpowered the Bishop, sprayed the church with fuel, and set it afire.The church was completely destroyed.The terrorists left pamphlets at the scene in which the Mapu Lautaro group—United Popular Action Movement—claimed responsibility.

19 May Peru

Terrorists detonated a car bomb in front of the Chilean Embassy in Lima at the end of a strike called by the Sendero Luminoso terrorist group.The explosion damaged the Embassy and nearby houses.

8 June Egypt

Terrorists exploded a bomb underneath an overpass as a tour bus traveled to the Giza pyramids.Two Egyptians were killed,and six British tourists, nine Egyptians, three Syrians, and at least three others were injured.

22 June Lebanon

Two terrorists were killed and another was injured while attempting to plant a bomb on a bridge near the Al-Balamand Monastery. The target of the failed bomb attempt may have been a bus carrying 22 church members from around the world who were attending a meeting of the Commission for Dialogue Between the Catholic and Orthodox Churches.

24 June Western Europe

Terrorists from the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) staged a wave of coordinated attacks in more than 30 cities of six West European countries. The attacks consisted primarily of vandalism against Turkish diplomatic and commercial targets, and included the takeover of a Turkish Consulate.

27 June Turkey

Terrorists threw handgrenades at several hotels and restaurants frequented by tourists in the Mediterranean resort area of Antalya. Among the 28 people injured, 12 were foreigners. Earlier, on 9 June, PKK leader Abdulla Ocalan threatened violence by the PKK against tourist faciIities in western Turkey.

1 July Japan

A few days before President Clinton’s arrival at the US Air Force base in Yokota before the Group of Seven summit in Tokyo, terrorists fired two homemade rockets, causing minimal damage.

7 July Japan

Terrorists exploded a homemade bomb at the UN Technology Center in Osaka, causing minor damage. On 9 July, the Chukaku-Ha terrorist group claimed responsibility.Terrorists fired four homemade projectiles at the headquarters of the US Air Force at Camp Zama. None of the projectiles exploded and little damage was caused.

Peru

Police discovered the bodies of two European tourists in a remote area of Ayacucho.The two had been traveling together in a region contested by Sendero Luminoso terrorists.

5 July-14 October Turkey

In eight separate incidents, the PKK kidnapped 19 Western tourists traveling in southeastern Turkey.The hostages, including US citizen Colin Patrick Starger, were released unharmed after being held for several weeks.

25 July Turkey

A terrorist bomb planted in a trash can next to an automatic teller machine in the Hagia Sophia District of Istanbul exploded and wounded two Italian tourists.

27 July Peru

After first spraying the building with automatic weapons, terrorists exploded a van bomb outside the US Embassy in Lima, injuring an Embassy guard. The explosion caused extensive damage to the Embassy’s facade and perimeter fence. Subsequent small fires caused only minor damage. The nearby Spanish Embassy, as well as stores and a US-owned hotel, were also damaged. Two hotel employees and a hotel guest were injured. The explosion coincided with an “armed strike” called by Sendero Luminoso.

18 August Turkey

Terrorists threw a handgrenade underneath a Hungarian tourist bus in front of a hotel.Three foreign tourists and five Turkish bystanders were injured.

Egypt

A motorcycle bomb killed five persons and wounded 15 others on a road in Cairo.The bomb was directed at Egyptian Interior Minister Alfi, who was slightly injured. The Islamic extremist group New Jihad claimed responsibility.

25 August Turkey

Four terrorists, masquerading as Turkish security officials, kidnapped Iranian dissident Mohammad Khaderi from his residence. On 4 September, his body was discovered by the side of the Kiursehir-Boztepe Highway.

28 August Turkey

Iranian dissident Behram Azadfer was assassinated by terrorists in Ankara.

2 September Italy Three terrorists threw a handgrenade over the fence and fired shots at the US Air Force base in Aviano. The Red Brigades terrorist group later claimed responsibility.

9 September Chile

Terrorists placed small bombs at two McDonald’s restaurants and a Kentucky Fried Chicken restaurant in the Santiago area. The two bombs in the McDonald’s restaurants exploded, causing some damage but no casualties. The bomb in the Kentucky Fried Chicken restaurant was found and deactivated. In all three instances, a man claiming to be a member of the Movement of the Revolutionary Left (MIR) telephoned to claim responsibility.

20 September Algeria

One Moroccan and two French surveyors were kidnapped by terrorists as they drove between Oran and Sidi Bel Abbes.The Morrocan citizen was released unharmed, but the two Frenchmen were later found murdered.

26 September Iraq

A UN truck carrying 12 tons of medical supplies was destroyed by a bomb while traveling near Irbil.The bomb had been attached to the truck’s fuel tank.The driver and 12 civilians were injured.

11 October Norway

The Norwegian publisher of Salman Rushdie’s book The Satanic Verses was shot and seriously wounded at his home near Oslo.

16 October Algeria

Terrorists shot and killed two Russian military officers and wounded a third outside an apartment building near the Algerian military academy.The Russians were instructors at the academy.

19 October Algeria

Terrorists kidnapped a Peruvian, a Filipino, and a Colombian, technicians employed by the firm, from the cafeteria of an Italian construction firm in Tiaret. On 21 October, the three were found dead with their throats cut 50 km from the abduction site. On 26 October, the extremist Armed Islamic Group claimed responsibility for this and other attacks against foreigners.

24 October Algeria

Three French diplomats were kidnapped as they left their apartment in Algiers. A police officer who attempted to prevent the kidnapping was shot and killed. On 26 October the Armed Islamic Group claimed responsibility for the incident. The three diplomats were released unharmed on the night of 31 October.

Israel

Two small explosive charges were detonated near the French Embassy in Tel Aviv. There was no damage or casualties. A member of the Jewish extremist Kahane Chai movement claimed responsibility for the explosions, saying the attack was carried out to protest PLO leader Yasir Arafat’s visit to France and agreements he signed there.

25 October Nigeria

Four members of a Nigerian dissident group hijacked a Nigerian Airways Airbus-310 airliner with 150 passengers and crew on board shortly after it took off from Lagos. After trying unsuccessfully to land the aircraft at N’Djamena, Chad, the terrorists ordered the plane to land at Niamey, Niger.The hijackers then released two groups of passengers. After lengthy but fruitless negotiations, Nigerian police stormed the aircraft on 28 October. All four of the hijackers surrendered, but one of the crew and one of the hijackers were killed during the rescue operation.

Peru

Terrorists exploded a large bomb under a minibus in the parking lot near the departure terminal at Lima’s international airport.The driver of a hotel shuttle bus was killed and about 20 others were injured.The American Airlines cargo office, which was located nearby, sustained some damage.

29 October France

Three terrorists threw a firebomb into the Turkish-owned Bosporus Bank in central Paris. No serious damage was caused, but four people were injured, one seriously.

4 November Western Europe

The PKK staged a second round of coordinated attacks against Turkish diplomatic and commercial facilities in six West European countries. The assaults consisted mainly of firebombings and vandalism, but one person was killed and about 20 others were injured.

8 November Iran

Two handgrenades were thrown into the courtyard of the French Embassy in Tehran, causing little damage. On the same day, a French citizen was injured when a hand grenade was thrown into the Tehran offices of Air France. A group called the Hizballah Committee claimed responsibility for both attacks, saying they were carried out to protest the French Government’s support for the Mujahedin-e-Khalq.

14 November Philippines

Terrorists from the Islamic extremist group Abu Sayyaf kidnapped a US missionary, Charles M.Watson, in Pangutaran Island, Sulu Batu.The missionary worked for the Summer Institute of Linguistics. He was released unharmed in Manila on 7 December.

20 November Peru

Terrorists exploded a satchel bomb outside the offices of the US-Peruvian Binational Center in Lima. The bomb caused minor damage.

25 November Egypt

A car bomb exploded near the motorcade of Prime Minister Atef Sedky; the Prime Minister was unhurt, but one bystander, a teenaged girl,was killed and at least 18 people were wounded.The “Jihad Group” later claimed responsibility.

29 November Iraq

Terrorists shot and seriously wounded the senior fuel coordinator for the Australian CARE organization in Atrush.

2 December Algeria

A Spanish businessman was shot and killed at an illegal roadblock manned by terrorists while driving between Oran and Annaba.

4 December Algeria

An Italian businessman was shot and wounded by a terrorist as he left his residence in a suburb of Algiers.

5 December Algeria Terrorists shot and killed a Russian woman as she was shopping in a market in Algiers.

7 December Algeria Terrorists shot and killed a British subject at a gas station in Arzew.

Terrorists shot and killed a retired French citizen in Larba. At the time, the Frenchman was in his hut on the grounds of a company for which he had once worked.

9 December Egypt

A police officer was killed and six others were injured when a group of terrorists opened fire on two movie houses that were showing foreign films. On 12 December, al-Gama’at al-Islamiyya claimed responsibility, stating that the attack retaliated for the screening of “immoral” films.

11 December Egypt

Libyan dissident, human rights activist, and former Foreign Minister Mansour Kikhia was kidnapped from his hotel in Cairo. Ambassador Kikhia was visiting Cairo to attend a human rights conference. He has not been heard from since.

13 December Iraq

One person was killed and six others were injured in Sulaimaniyah when a terrorist bomb destroyed a relief center operated by the Belgian humanitarian group Handicap International.

14 December AIgeria

A large group of armed terrorists attacked a work camp of a hydroelectric project in Tamezquida and abducted 14 Croatian citizens. Twelve were murdered by having their throats slit, but two others escaped with injuries. On 16 December, the Armed Islamic group claimed responsibility, stating that the attack was part of an ongoing campaign to rid Algeria of all foreigners and to avenge Muslims killed in Bosnia.

27 December Egypt

Eight Austrian tourists and eight Egyptians were wounded when terrorists fired on a tour bus traveling in the old district of Cairo. A small bomb that was thrown at the bus rolled near a cafe and exploded.

29 December Algeria

Terrorists murdered a Belgian couple as they slept in their home in Bouira.The man’s throat was cut, and his wife was shot.

1994

4 January Ireland The Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) claimed responsibility for two mail bombs sent to Sinn Fein’s Dublin offices.

Turkey

Iranian state agents are believed responsible for the assassination of a member of the Iranian KDP Central Committee in Corum.

9 January Iran

An armed attack was carried out against the British Embassy in Tehran. No one was injured, and no one has claimed responsibility for the attack.

10 January Italy

A bomb detonated in front of the NATO Defense College building in Rome.That evening, copies of an eight-page Red Brigades bulletin, claiming responsibility on behalf of the “Combatant Communist Nuclei” (NCC), were found in several provinces.

11 January Peru

A suspected Sendero Luminoso (SL) satchel bomb exploded in front of the Peruvian-Japanese cultural center in Lima, causing minimal damage to the structure.

14 January Colombia

Suspected members of the National Liberation Army (ELN) kidnapped US citizen Russell Vacek, his wife, Elizabeth, and other family members as they were traveling in El Playon.

29 January Lebanon

A Jordanian diplomat was shot and killed outside his home in Beirut. The Government of Lebanon arrested and prosecuted ANO terrorists for the attack.

2 February Azerbaijan

Several bombs exploded inside railcars, killing five persons and injuring several others at the Baku train station.

3 February Greece

A bomb detonated at the German Goethe (culture) Institute in Athens. A local newspaper received a warning a half hour before the detonation from the Revolutionary People’s Struggle (ELA) terrorist group.

Italy

A bomb was placed underneath the car of a Spanish Military Attache, Lt. Col. Fernando Sagristano, in Rome. The device severely injured an embassy driver.

19 February Egypt

Unknown assailants fired upon a passenger train and wounded a Polish woman, a Thai woman, and two Egyptian citizens in Asyut.The al-Gama’at al-lslamiyya (Islamic Group) claimed responsibility for the attack.

23 February Egypt

A bomb explosion aboard a passenger train in Asyut injured six foreign tourists—two New Zealanders, two Germans, and two Australians—and five Egyptian citizens. The Islamic Group (IG) claimed responsibility for the incident.

4 March Egypt

Unknown gunmen opened fire at a Nile cruise ship and wounded a German tourist near the Sohag Governorate.The Islamic Group (IG) claimed responsibility for the incident.

Iraq

Unidentified gunmen fired on a European Relief Organization vehicle and wounded two local guards near Irbil.

9-13 March United Kingdom

The Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA) fired mortars at London’s Heathrow International Airport in three separate attacks.There were no injuries because the fully primed mortars failed to detonate.

13 March Lebanon

A grenade detonated on the British Embassy compound, causing minor damage and no injuries. No arrests or claims of responsibility were reported.

24 March Turkey

The Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) is believed responsible for bombing the Central Bazaar in Istanbul’s historic tourist district. Four tourists, including two Romanian women, were injured by the blast.

27 March Turkey

A bomb detonated in the gardens of the Saint Sophia Mosque and Museum in Istanbul, injuring three tourists: one German, one Spanish, and one Dutch. The Metropole Revenge Team of the political wing of the PKK claimed responsibility.

29 March Iraq

Six assailants fired on a United Nations guard contingency bus traveling from lrbil to Mosul and seriously wounded two Austrian guards.

1 April Colombia

Six members of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) kidnapped US citizen Raymond Rising, Security Chief of the Summer Linguistic Institution, as he rode his motorcycle from the Municipal Capital of Puerto Lleras.

2 April Turkey

The Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) claimed responsibility for bombing the IC Bedesten, the old bazaar at the center of the bazaar complex, in Istanbul. Two foreign tourists, one Spanish and one Belgian, were killed, and 17 others were injured.

3 April Iraq

Assailants fired on a German journalist and her bodyguard while they were traveling in their car near Suleymaniyah. Both occupants of the vehicle were killed instantly.

8 April Sri Lanka

A small bomb exploded inside a bathroom at the Marriott Hotel in Colombo, causing minor damages and no casualties.

11 April Greece

The 17 November terrorist group claimed responsibility for planting rockets aimed at a British aircraft carrier, the Arc Royal.The rockets were defused by explosives experts.

13 April Lebanon

Five individuals, including two Iraqi diplomats, were arrested for assassinating Iraqi opposition figure Shaykh Talib Ali al-Suhayl in his house near West Beirut.

27 April South Africa

A car bomb exploded at Jan Smuts Airport in Johannesburg, injuring 16 persons, including two Russian diplomats and a Swiss Air pilot. Although no group has claimed responsibility, white separatists opposed to South Africa’s first multiracial election are believed responsible.

8 May Algeria

Two French priests were shot and killed by two male assailants in the lower Casbah district of Algiers. In its weekly publication, the Armed Islamic Group (GIA) claimed responsibility.

17 May Greece

A timedetonated rocket was fired at an IBM office in downtown Athens. The 17 November terrorist group claimed responsibility in a warning call to a radio station.

29 May Iraq

At least two unknown assailants shot and killed an Iranian dissident, Seyeed Ahmad Sadr Lahijani, as he drove his car through Ghalebieh.

17 June Uganda

A driver for the Catholic Relief Services was badly beaten by Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) rebels who ambushed the truck he was driving.

21-22 June Turkey

In the coastal towns of Fethiye and Marmaris, bombs killed one foreign national and injured 10 others at tourist sites.The PKK claimed responsibility for the attacks on German television.

22 June Turkey

Two bombs detonated within minutes of each other at a beach and park in the resort town of Marmaris, wounding 12 persons, including four British nationals, one of whom died five days later.

24 June Greece

The Revolutionary People’s Struggle (ELA/l May) claimed responsibility for a bombing outside the offices of the European Community in downtown Athens. There were no injuries reported.

4 July Greece

A senior Turkish diplomat in Athens, Omer Sipahioglu, was killed by three gunmen as he sat in his car. “November 17- Theofilos Georgiadis Commandos” claimed responsibility for the attack.

11 July Greece

A bomb detonated in a Lindos restaurant on the Island of Rhodes, seriously injuring an Italian tourist and a Greek citizen.

18 July Argentina

A car bomb exploded at the Israeli-Argentine Mutual Association (AMIA), killing nearly 100 persons and wounding more than 200 others.The explosion caused the seven-story building to collapse and damaged adjacent buildings.

19 July Panama

A commuter plane exploded in flight over the Santa Rita mountains. Among the 21 victims were Israeli nationals, dual Israeli-Panamanian citizens, three US citizens, and 12 Jewish persons.

23 July West Bank

Two unknown Palestinians stabbed and seriously injured a US woman in the Arab quarter of the Old City of Jerusalem. The assailants escaped unharmed.

26 July Cambodia

The Khmer Rouge attacked a train traveling in Kompong Trach and kidnapped a number of passengers, among them an Australian, a Briton, and a Frenchman.

United Kingdom

A car bomb exploded at the Israeli Embassy in London, injuring 14 persons. Police said the bomb was planted by a woman who was driving an Audi.

27 July United Kingdom A car bomb detonated outside a building that houses Jewish organizations in London. Five persons were injured in the attack.

3 August Algeria

Five French Embassy employees were killed and one injured when guerrillas from the Armed Islamic Group (AIG) attacked a French residential compound in Algiers.

8 August Turkey

The PKK kidnapped two Finnish nationals, stating that they did not have “entry visas for Kurdistan.” The Finns were held for 22 days before being released unharmed.

12 August Turkey

A bomb detonated in the Topkapi Bus Terminal, killing one Romanian consular official and wounding seven other people. The PKK is suspected.

18 August Chile

A bomb exploded at a Santiago office building that houses the American company Fluor Daniel.The Manuel Rodriguez Patriotic Front (FPMR) claimed responsibility and stated that the incident was carried out in solidarity with Cuba and against the US economic blockade of the island.

26 August Angola

A Portuguese priest and four nuns were kidnapped by suspected National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) rebels near Choba.

27 August Philippines

Seven South Korean engineers and 30 Filipino workers were taken captive by the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF).

23 September Colombia

Twelve terrorists from the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) kidnapped US citizen Thomas Hargrove when he stopped at a guerrilla roadblock.

27 September Egypt

Three persons were killed and two were wounded when an assailant fired on a downtown tourist area in Hurghada.Two Egyptians and one German were killed in the attack. The Islamic Group claimed responsibility for the attack.

9 October Israel

Two Arabs armed with assault rifles and grenades attacked pedestrians in Jerusalem.The gunmen killed two persons and injured 14 others. Two US citizens were among the injured. HAMAS has claimed responsibility for the incident.

18 October Algeria

Approximately 30 members of the Armed Islamic Group (AIG) attacked an oil base, killing a French and an Italian worker.

23 October Egypt

Assailants shot and killed a British tourist and wounded three others in an attack on a bus near Luxor. The Islamic Group is believed responsible for the attack.

11 December Philippines

The Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG) claimed responsibility for an explosion aboard a Philippine airliner. One Japanese citizen was killed, and at least 10 others were injured.

12 December Turkey

The Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) is believed responsible for a bomb blast outside a store in Istanbul, which injured eight persons, including four Romanian tourists.

24 December Algeria

Members of the Armed Islamic Group (AIG) hijacked an Air France flight in Algeria.The plane arrived in Marseille, France, on 26 December. A French antiterrorist unit stormed the plane, ending the 54-hour siege in which three hostages were killed by the terrorists. All four terrorists were killed during the rescue.

25 December Israel

An American was among 12 persons injured when a HAMAS supporter carrying a bag of explosives blew himself up at a West Jerusalem bus stop.

27 December Algeria

The Armed Islamic Group (AIG) claimed responsibility for the murders of four Catholic priests.The murders were apparently in retaliation for the deaths of four GIA hijackers the previous day in Marseille.

1995

8 January Algeria

Armed assailants attempted to kill two priests, one French and one Swiss, belonging to the order of the White Fathers. The priests escaped unharmed. The Armed Islamic Group (GIA) is suspected in the attack.

12 January Egypt

Suspected members of al-Gama’at al-lslamiyya (Islamic Group or IG) opened fire on a passenger train. Six passengers, including two Argentine tourists, were injured.

15 January Cambodia

A US tourist was killed and her husband was seriously wounded when Khmer Rouge rebels attacked their sightseeing convoy. A tour guide also was killed when the assailants fired a rocket at the van.

18 January Colombia

Members of the People’s Liberation Army kidnapped a US citizen, working as an administrative support officer for Cerrejon Coal Mine of Riohacha, in La Guajira.

Sierra Leone

Five Europeans and at least three Sierra Leoneans were kidnapped by Revolutionary United Front (RUF) rebels. All of the victims were employed by the Swiss-owned Sierra Leone Ore and Metal Company (Sieromco).

22 January Algeria

Gunmen shot and killed a Frenchman as he drove through a park. A woman also was injured in the attack. The GIA is suspected.

24 January United Kingdom

An unidentified assailant shot and killed a Sikh newspaper editor, a known advocate for an independent Sikh state. No one claimed responsibility for the attack.

25 January Sierra Leone

The Revolutionary United Front (RUF) raided a mission near the Guinea border, taking 100 hostages. Seven nuns—six Italians and one Brazilian—were among the captives.

26 January Colombia

Seven guerrillas of the National Liberation Army (ELN) kidnapped three Venezuelan Corpoven engineers and killed a fourth near La Victoria.

31 January Colombia

Suspected guerrillas kidnapped two Brazilian engineers at an abandoned hydroelectric dam. The engineers are employed by the Swiss Company, ASEA.

14 February Pakistan

Three gunmen shot and killed a former Afghan Brigadier at his residence. The victim was affiliated with the moderate, pro-Afghanistan Council for Understanding and National Unity (CUNA). No group claimed responsibility, but Gulbuddin Hikmatyar’s Hizb-I-lslami organization is suspected.

24 February Jordan

A French diplomat posted to the French Embassy was shot and wounded by two assailants while he was sightseeing with his wife. No group claimed responsibility for the attack.

27 February Greece

Khidir Abd al-Abbas Hamza, a defecting Iraqi former nuclear scientist, was abducted in Athens while he was attempting to call a newspaper office from a phone booth.The Iraqi Ambassador in Athens has denied any Iraqi involvement, but the incident is similar to other Iraqi Government sponsored abductions.

28 February Peru

An explosive device containing about 500 grams (one pound) of dynamite detonated on the sidewalk across the street from the US Embassy in Lima.

3 March Algeria

A Palestinian student attending the Algerian Arab College was murdered by an armed group who stormed the area where he and his family lived. The Armed Islamic Group (GIA) is suspected.

8 March Pakistan

Two unidentified gunmen armed with AK-47 assault rifles opened fire on a US Consulate van in Karachi, killing two US diplomats and wounding a third.The Pakistani driver was not hurt.

27 March Bahrain

A Pakistani man burned to death when a video store was set on fire. No group claimed responsibility for the attack.

31 March Israel

One Israeli civilian was killed and 20 others were wounded when suspected Hizballah members fired Katyusha rockets into western Galilee.

5 April Honduras

Morazanist Patriotic Front (FPM) guerrillas claimed responsibility for a leaflet propaganda bomb that exploded in front of a Tegucigalpa building that houses US, German, and Spanish press agencies. The attack caused minor damage to nearby buildings.

9 April Gaza Strip

A suicide bomber crashed an explosive-rigged van into an Israeli bus, killing a US citizen and seven Israelis. Over 50 other persons, including two US citizens, were injured. The Palestine Islamic Jihad (PIJ)-Shaqaqi Faction claimed responsibility for the attack.

Georgia

Assailants attacked the T’bilisi residence of the Russian special envoy and the headquarters of Russian troops in the Transcaucasus. There were no injuries. A group calling itself the Algeti Wolves claimed responsibility for the attack in revenge for events in Chechnya and for the signing of the treaty on Russian military bases in Georgia.

19 April Colombia

Members of the National Liberation Army (ELN) kidnapped two Italian oil workers from their car and killed their Colombian driver near Barrancabermeja.

21 April Turkey

An attempted car bombing in front of the Iranian Consulate General in Istanbul killed a tow truck driver. The illegally parked vehicle was towed to an open parking lot where it detonated, killing the driver and damaging 18 other vehicles. No group has claimed responsibility.

22 April Netherlands

Two Turkish citizens were shot by Kurdish extremists at a coffeehouse in The Hague. Four men were arrested in connection with the attack.

29 April Somalia

A foreign businessman was killed near Chisimayu by Islamic fundamentalists.

5 May Algeria

Suspected members of the Armed Islamic Group (GIA) attacked employees of a pipeline company, killing four foreigners. An Algerian security guard was also killed and at least six other guards were injured.

Israel Hizballah launched at least eight Katyusha rockets that struck near Qiryat Shemona. Four Israeli civilians were wounded in the attack.

7 May Algeria

Armed assailants ambushed a two-vehicle advance for a convoy of foreigners, including Britons and Canadians, being escorted from a worksite to their accommodation camp. Several security forces were killed or wounded, but there were no foreign casualties.

15 May Peru

Five alleged Sendero Luminoso (SL) members held up a bus near Chimbote and robbed some 50 passengers. The assailants, wearing masks painted with a red hammer and sickle, threatened passengers with machine guns and grenades.

22 May Colombia

Approximately one kilo of dynamite detonated under a metal security door of a Dunkin Donuts restaurant in Bogota. The damage was estimated at $18,000. No injuries were reported and no group has claimed responsibility for the attack.

23 May Sierra Leone

Revolutionary United Front (RUF) rebels abducted three Lebanese businessmen during attacks on towns in the Lebanese community of the diamond district of Kono.

24 May Peru

Presumed members of Sendero Luminoso (SL) detonated a 50-kg car bomb in front of the Maria Angola Hotel in a suburb of Lima, killing three hotel employees and a passerby. About 30 others were injured.

31 May Colombia

Seven National Liberation Army (ELN) guerrillas kidnapped a US citizen and three Colombians at the Verde Limon Gold Mine in Zaragoza. Shortly afterward, the Colombian Army freed the captives in a confrontation that left one Colombian hostage and two guerrillas dead.

5 June Nicaragua

Three members of the Recontra 380 occupied the Chilean Embassy in Managua and took hostage the husband of Ambassador Laura Sota. The abductors left a package they claimed was a bomb and fled without making any reported statements or demands. The kidnap victim was released unharmed a few hours later.

7 June Algeria

Suspected members of the Armed Islamic Group (GIA) shot and killed a French couple in Algiers. No one claimed responsibility for the attack.

24 June Colombia

Unknown guerrillas abducted the son of a British Exxon employee in Formeque and demanded a ransom of $500,000. On 12 August, during the course of negotiations, the victim’s body was found.

25 June Pakistan

Five gunmen kidnapped three German engineers and a Pakistani driver in the North-West Frontier Province.The kidnappers demanded a ransom of ten million rupees. One of the Germans and the Pakistani were released on 3 July, at which time the kidnappers added the release of four prisoners in Peshawar to their demands.The other two hostages were freed unharmed on 13 July. It does not appear that the demands were met.

26 June Ethiopia

Al-Gama’at al-Islamiyya claimed responsibility for a failed assassination attempt against Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak in Addis Ababa. As his motorcade headed from the airport to a meeting of the Organization of African Unity, two vehicles tried to block the road, and several gunmen fired at his armored limousine. President Mubarak was not injured. Two Ethiopian military guards died and one was wounded in the exchange of gunfire; two gunmen were killed and two others captured.The Palestinian Ambassador to Ethiopia also was injured.

3 July Germany

Attackers smashed the windows of three vehicles at a Chrysler car dealership in Kassel. They also broke the salesroom window and scrawled graffiti protesting the scheduled execution of Mumia Abu Jamal, a convicted murderer, in Pennsylvania.

4-8 July India

Six tourists—two US citizens, two Britons, a Norwegian, and a German—were taken hostage in Kashmir by the previously unknown militant group Al-Faran, which demanded the release of Muslim militants held in Indian prisons. Al-Faran may be part of the Kashmiri separatist group Harakat ul-Ansar based in Pakistan. One of the US citizens escaped on 8 July.On 13 August,Al-Faran murdered the Norwegian; his decapitated body was found with the name Al-Faran carved on his stomach and a note stating that the other hostages also would be killed if the group’s demands were not met.The Indian Government has refused to comply with their demands.

11 July France

Two assailants assassinated a cofounder of the Algerian Islamic Salvation Front and his bodyguard in a Paris mosque. No one claimed responsibility for the murders. Earlier this year Algerian publications reportedly received a communique from the Armed Islamic Group (GIA) listing their priority targets, including the victim.

13 July Turkey

Kurdish separatists abducted a Japanese tourist at a rebel checkpoint near Siirt. No demands were made, and the kidnappers released the hostage unharmed on 17 July.The Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) is suspected.

25 July France

A bomb detonated aboard a Paris subway train as it arrived at St. Michel station, killing seven commuters and wounding 86.

5 August Greece

A small improvised bomb detonated at a Citibank branch in Athens, causing minor damage. The Anti-Regime Nuclei (ARN) later claimed responsibility.

10 August Germany

Assailants firebombed a vehicle parked at a Usawned Chrysler dealership in a small German city. No one was injured. A letter left at the scene identified the perpetrators as members of the Anti-Imperialistic Group Liberty for Mumia Aba Jamal.

12 August Colombia

Members of the Jaime Bateman Cayon Front, a remnant of the 19 April Movement, kidnapped a British diplomat and a Colombian colleague along a highway near Tolima Department. On learning of the British official’s diplomatic status, the terrorists demanded an unspecified ransom to free him. They released the Colombian national.

17 August France

A nail-filled bomb detonated in a trash bin near a subway entrance in Paris injuring 17 people. Among those injured were four Hungarians, four Italians, three Portuguese, one German, and one Briton. Authorities determined a similar explosive device was used in the Paris subway bombing on 25 July.

20 August France

Assailants threw a molotov cocktail at a building in Paris that houses a Turkish sporting and cultural association, injuring six persons and causing minor damage.Witnesses reported seeing three people flee the scene. The Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) may be responsible for the attack.

21 August Israel

A bomb exploded on a bus in Jerusalem, killing six persons, including one US citizen, and wounding two other US citizens and over 100 others.The Izz al-Din al-Qassem Brigades, the military wing of the Islamic Resistance Movement (HAMAS), claimed responsibility.

24 August Pakistan

Sixteen men armed with steel pipes and at least one gun vandalized the BBC office in Islamabad.The attackers destroyed equipment and files, bombed the entry hall, and destroyed two cars. The BBC chief correspondent, a Canadian, and a Pakistani BBC staff member escaped with minor injuries.The radical Sunni organization Sipah-l-Sahaba Pakistan (SSP) claimed responsibility, although the group’s leader stated that he had ordered only a peaceful demonstration to protest the BBC airing of a documentary about the group.

27 August Spain

Arsonists in San Sebastian doused a car bearing French license plates with gasoline and ignited it. There were no injuries. Authorities believe a support group of the Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA) is responsible.

1 September Colombia Guerrillas intercepted and kidnapped a US businessman and his Colombian partner in Cali. The captors, five armed masked men, took the two men to a jungle camp.The Colombian negotiated a $30,000 ransom for his US partner, who was released on 22 September. No group has claimed responsibility.

Colombia

In Santa Marta, Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) guerrillas destroyed containers of bananas belonging to the US company Dole.

2 September Algeria

Suspected Armed Islamic Group (GIA) militants shot and killed an Italian national in Oran.

3 September Algeria

Unidentified assailants shot and killed two nuns in the Belcourt district of Algiers. One of the victims was French and the other Maltese. Authorities suspect the Armed Islamic Group (GIA).

5 September West Bank

Unknown assailants stabbed to death an Israeli settler of British origin and wounded his US-born wife in the settlement of Ma’ale Mikmas, near Ram Allah. An anonymous caller claimed responsibility in the name of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP).The caller stated the attack was in retaliation for the arrest of three PFLP activists and the continued detention of a PFLP politburo member, imprisoned for three years.

Germany

Arsonists attacked two Turkish-owned facilities. In Luebeck, arsonists set fire to a bistro. Two persons died and 20 were injured. Arsonists also firebombed a nightclub in Freital. There were no injuries. Authorities suspect the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK).

7 September India

A woman claiming to be from the militant group Dukhtarane-Millat delivered a parcel bomb to the office of the BBC in Srinagar, Kashmir.The bomb exploded later in the hands of a freelance photographer for Agence France-Press, who died on 10 September from his injuries. The blast wounded two others and caused major damage. Dukhtaran-e-Milat denied responsibility for the bombing.

13 September Russia

Unidentified assailants fired a rocket-propelled grenade at the US Embassy in Moscow, causing minor damage to a sixth-floor office. No injuries were reported. Authorities suspect the attack was in retaliation for US participation in NATO airstrikes against Bosnian Serb targets.

20 September Austria

In Vienna, assailants attempted to firebomb a German pharmaceutical firm, but the molotov cocktails failed to ignite.The German firm was hosting a US delegation and had raised the US flag outside the building.

21 September Austria

Assailants threw lit bottles containing heating oil and paint thinner into two rooms of the American International School in Vienna.There were no injuries.The Austrian press later received a letter in which the Cell for Internationalism claimed responsibility. Authorities believe there may be a connection with the previous day’s bombing.

13 October Colombia

A letter bomb sent to the Italian Embassy in Bogota exploded when opened by a staff member, who was wounded.The injured employee is responsible for Italian cooperation with Colombia under their countries’ economic drug-fighting agreements. No group has claimed responsibility for the bombing.

20 October Croatia

A car bomb detonated outside the local police headquarters building in Rijeka, killing the driver and injuring 29 bystanders. The Egyptian al-Gama’at al-lslamiyva claimed responsibility, warning that further attacks would continue unless authorities released an imprisoned Gama’at militant, Tala’at Fuad Kassem, who had been arrested in September 1995.

20 October Turkey

A pipe bomb exploded outside a Coca-Cola Company warehouse in Istanbul, causing minor damage to the building and to a vehicle. No one has claimed responsibility for the attack.

27 October Angola

National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) soldiers killed two persons and kidnapped 32 others in Lunda Norte. Four of the hostages are South African citizens employed by the SA Export Company, Ltd.

8 November Egypt

Islamic extremists opened fire on a train enroute to Cairo from Aswan, injuring a Dutchman, a French woman, and an Egyptian. Al-Gama’at al-lslamiyya (Islamic Group or IG) claimed responsibility for the attack.

9 November Algeria

Unidentified assailants set fire to the off-compound US Embassy warehouse in Algiers, destroying the facility and its contents. The Armed Islamic Group (GIA) may be responsible for the attack.

10 November Switzerland

Unknown assailants firebombed a Turkish-owned shop in Basel, injuring three persons and causing major damage. No one has claimed responsibility for the attack.

13 November Saudi Arabia

A car bomb explosion in the parking lot of the Office of the Program Manager/Saudi Arabian National Guard (OPM/ SANG) in Riyadh, killed seven persons and wounded 42 others. The deceased include four US federal civilian employees, one US military person, and two Indian Government employees. The blast severely damaged the three-story building. which houses a US military advisory group, and several neighboring office buildings.Three groups, including the Islamic Movement for Change, claimed responsibility for the attack.

Switzerland

An Egyptian diplomat was shot and killed in the parking garage of his apartment building in Geneva. On 15 November the International Justice Group claimed responsibility for the attack.

15 November Japan

An electric company employee discovered an explosive device burning on a powerline to a US military housing complex in Sagamihara, Kanagawa Prefecture. The explosion caused minor damage. No group has claimed responsibility, but both the Chukaku-Ha and the Kakuro-kyo-Ha had announced plans to disrupt the Asia Pacific Economic Council (APEC) summit in Osaka, held during 13 to 19 November.

19 November Pakistan

A suicide bomber drove a vehicle into the Egyptian Embassy compound in Islamabad, killing at least 16 persons and injuring some 60 others. The bomb destroyed the entire compound and caused damage and injuries within a half-mile radius. The Japanese and Indonesian Embassies, the Canadian High Commission, the UK housing compound, and Grindlays Bank were among the damaged buildings. Al-Gama’at al-lslamiyya (Islamic Group or IG), Jihad Group, and the International Justice Group all claimed responsibility for the bombing.

21 November India

A powerful bomb exploded outside a restaurant in the Connaught Place shopping area in New Delhi.The blast injured 22 persons, including two Dutch citizens, one South African and one Norwegian, and caused major damage to shops and parked cars. Both the Jammu and Kashmir Islamic Front, a Kashmiri Muslim separatist group, and the Khalistan Liberation Tger Force, a Sikh separatist group, claimed responsibility for the bombing.

30 November Algeria

Four suspected Islamic extremists shot and killed two Latvian seamen and wounded a third. No one has claimed responsibility, but the Armed Islamic Group (GIA) is suspected.

9 December France

Assailants in Bayonne set fire to a stolen vehicle and firebombed a bank after the French Government expelled a member of the Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA).

10 December Ecuador

Three FARC militants kidnapped the treasurer for the Nazarine missions, who is a US citizen. A captured member of FARC led a rescue team to a mountainous area near Quito, where they rescued the victim.Three kidnappers were killed and two others escaped.

11 December Austria

Two letter bombs detonated inside a mailbox located outside a local post office in Graz,wounding a passer-by. One was addressed to the UN High Commissioner for Refugees’ office. Remnants of a claimant letter were discovered at the scene. Two other letter bombs were discovered intact. Authorities suspect the Bavarian Liberation Army may be responsible.

16 December Spain

Several bombs detonated in different areas of a department store in Valencia, killing one person and wounding eight others, including a US citizen. Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA) claimed responsibility for the attack.

23 December Germany

A bomb detonated outside an office building in Duesseldorf that housed the Peruvian Honorary Consulate, causing major damage. On 27 December the Anti-Imperialist Cell (AIZ) claimed responsibility for the attack in a letter stating that the Peruvian Government’s domestic policies are “unbearable for the majority of Peruvians.”

27 December Philippines

Twenty Abu Sayyaf militants kidnapped at least 16 vacationers, including six US citizens, at Lake Sebu, Mindanao. Two of the hostages escaped and four were released, carrying a ransom demand of $57,700. On 31 December the kidnappers released the remaining hostages in exchange for government promises of improvements in the south.

30 December France

A bomb detonated outside a Paris branch of Citibank, causing major damage. Suspicion centered on sympathizers of the Armed Islamic Group (GIA) who may be responsible.

1996

1 January Iraq

Three individuals attempted to leave a vehicle containing explosives near UN offices in Irbil.The driver abandoned the vehicle after a security guard ordered him to move it.

8 January Indonesia

Two hundred Free Papua Movement (OPM) guerrillas abducted 26 individuals in the Lorenta nature preserve, Irian Jaya Province.The hostages were on a research expedition for the Worldwide Fund for Nature. Among the hostages were seven persons from the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and Germany. The OPM demanded the withdrawal of Indonesian troops from Irian Jaya, compensation for environmental damage and for the death of civilians at the hands of the military, and a halt to Freeport Indonesia mining operations. On 15 May Indonesian Special Forces members rescued the last nine hostages after locating them with a pilotless drone.

16 January Turkey

Seven Turkish nationals of Chechen origin hijacked a Russiabound Panamanian ferry in Trabzon. The hijackers initially threatened to kill all Russians on board unless Chechen separatists being held in Dagestan, Russia, were released. On 19 January the hijackers surrendered to Turkish authorities outside the entrance to the Bosporus. The passengers were unharmed.

18 January Ethiopia

A bomb exploded at the Ghion Hotel in Addis Ababa, killing at least four persons and injuring 20 others. The injured included citizens from the United Kingdom, Mali, India, and France. In March, al-Ittihaad al-Islami (The Islamic Union), an ethnic Somali group, claimed responsibility for the bombing.

19 January Colombia

Six suspected Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) guerrillas kidnapped a US citizen and demanded a $1 million ransom.The hostage was released on 22 May.

26 January Yemen

Al-Aslam tribesmen kidnapped 17 elderly French tourists in the Ma’rib Governate to pressure authorities into releasing one of their tribesmen.The kidnappers released the hostages unharmed on 29 January.

31 January Sri Lanka

Suspected members of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) rammed an explosives-laden truck into the Central Bank in the heart of downtown Colombo, killing 90 civilians and injuring more than 1,400 others. Among the wounded were two US citizens, six Japanese, and one Dutch national. The explosion caused major damage to the Central Bank building, an American Express office, the Intercontinental Hotel, and several other buildings.

6 February Colombia

National Liberation Army (ELN) rebels kidnapped three cement industry engineers including a Briton, a Dane, a German, and their Colombian companion in San Luis; they were abducted from their vehicle at a makeshift roadblock. The hostages were freed later.

9 February United Kingdom

A bomb detonated in a parking garage in the Docklands area of London, killing two persons and wounding more than 100 others, including two US citizens.The Irish Republican Army (IRA) claimed responsibility.

11 February Bahrain

A bomb exploded at the Diplomat Hotel in Manama, injuring a British guest and two employees and causing significant damage to the hotel.The London-based Islamic Front for the Liberation of Bahrain claimed the bombing, but later denied responsibility.

15 February Greece

Unidentified assailants fired a rocket at the US Embassy compound in Athens, causing minor damage to three diplomatic vehicles and some surrounding buildings. Circumstances of the attack suggest it was a 17 November operation.

16 February Colombia

Six alleged National Liberation Army (ELN) guerrillas kidnapped a US citizen in La Guajira Department. No ransom demand was made. The hostage was released on 15 November.

17 February Venezuela

Two alleged National Liberation Army (ELN) guerrillas killed two Venezuelan guards at a gasoline station near the Colombian-Venezuelan border in La Victoria. The two men took the guards’ rifles and fled in a small boat down the international waters of the Arauca River.

20 February Turkey

Two members of Mujahedin-e Khalq (MEK), an Iranian dissident group, were found dead in their Istanbul apartment. In April 1996 authorities apprehended three Islamic militants and several Iranian and Turkish nationals in connection with the killing. The militants later claimed they had received their orders from Iranian diplomats stationed in Turkey.

25 February Jerusalem

A suicide bomber blew up a bus, killing 26 persons, including three US citizens, and injuring some 80 persons, including three other US citizens. HAMAS’s Izz al-Din al-Qassem Battalion claimed responsibility for the bombing in retaliation for the Hebron massacre two years before, but later denied involvement. HAMAS also issued a leaflet assuming responsibility for the bombing signed by the Squads of the New Disciples of Martyr Yahya Ayyash, the Engineer, claiming the bombing was in retaliation for Ayyash’s death on 5 January 1996.

3 March Jerusalem

Another suicide bomber detonated an explosive device on a bus, killing 19 persons, including six Romanians, and injuring six others.The Students of Yahya Ayyash, a splinter group of HAMAS, claimed responsibility for the attack.

4 March Israel

A suicide bomber detonated an explosive device outside the Dizengoff Center,Tel Aviv’s largest shopping mall, killing 20 persons and injuring 75 others, including two US citizens. HAMAS and the Palestine Islamic Jihad (PIJ) both claimed responsibility for the bombing.

14 March Bahrain

Assailants poured gasoline at the entrance to a restaurant in Sitrah and threw Molotov cocktails inside, killing seven Bangladeshi employees and destroying the restaurant.

23 March Venezuela

Suspected National Liberation Army (ELN) guerrillas killed one policeman and injured another policeman and a civilian in La Victoria.

26 March Cambodia

Suspected Khmer Rouge guerrillas abducted 26 Cambodian mine disposal experts, their British supervisor, and his translator near the Angkor Wat temple complex. Six of the hostages escaped, leaving the British national and his interpreter captive. At least five police officers and soldiers were killed by landmines while searching for the hostages.

27 March Algeria

Armed Islamic Group (GIA) extremists kidnapped seven French monks from their monastery in the Medea region. On 26 April the GIA offered to free the monks in exchange for the release of GIA members held in France. On 21 May the group stated that they killed the monks in response to the French Government’s refusal to negotiate with them.

31 March Venezuela

Four guerrillas from the Colombian People’s Liberation Army (EPL) kidnapped a rancher from a store in La Gabarra. The rancher had been warned he would be kidnapped if he didn’t pay $50,000 in protection money. The four abductors, who opened fire on security forces as they fled,were killed and the hostage escaped.

18 April Egypt

Four al-Gama’at al-Islamiyya (IG) militants opened fire on a group of Greek tourists in front of the Europa Hotel in Cairo, killing 18 Greeks and injuring 12 Greeks and two Egyptians. The IG claimed they intended to attack a group of Israeli tourists they believed were staying at the hotel, as revenge for Israeli actions in Lebanon.

24 April Poland

A bomb placed at a Shell gas station in Warsaw detonated, killing one policeman who was preparing to defuse the device. A group calling itself GN 95 later claimed responsibility and demanded $2 million from the Royal Dutch Shell Group.The group justified the attack by stating its opposition to expansion of foreign investment in Poland.

5 May India

Islamic separatists killed eight Hindu Nepalese migrant workers near Srinagar. No group claimed responsibility.

8 May Cambodia

Forty Khmer Rouge militants kidnapped seven Thai quarry workers in the Kampong Spoe Province and demanded $350,000 in ransom.The quarry is owned by three Thai companies: ASCO, Seaboard, and the Italian-Thai Construction Co., a subcontractor for the US Fischbach International Company. On 9 May the militants released the hostages after the companies each paid a $100,000 ransom.

13 May West Bank

Arab gunmen opened fire on a bus and a group of Yeshiva students near the Bet El settlement, killing a dual US/Israeli citizen and wounding three Israelis. No one claimed responsibility for the attack, but HAMAS is suspected.

16 May Peru

Sendero Luminoso (SL) terrorists detonated a car bomb, injuring at least four persons and destroying a portion of the joint Shell-Mobil offices and warehouse in Lima. The explosion at a Shell gas station also destroyed five automobiles and damaged six Shell tankers. Three days earlier, the Peruvian Government had announced an agreement with a consortium led by the US Mobil Corporation and Royal Dutch Shell to develop the expansive Camisea gas reserves. SL terrorists left leaflets at the scene lauding the group and the armed struggle and proclaiming “No to the sale of the country.”

28 May France

Unidentified gunmen shot and killed a former Iranian deputy education minister under the Shah at his home in Paris. No one claimed responsibility for the killing.

Greece

A bomb exploded at a building housing the main offices of IBM in Athens, causing extensive structural damage but no injuries. The group Fraxia Midheniston (Nihilist Faction) claimed responsibility in a call to a local television station.

31 May Nicaragua

A gang of former Contra guerrillas kidnapped a US employee of USAID who was assisting with election preparations in rural northern Nicaragua. She was released unharmed the next day after members of the international commission overseeing the preparations intervened.

4 June Tajikistan

Gunmen shot and killed two Russian servicemen’s wives while the victims were visiting a cemetery in Dushanbe. No one claimed responsibility. The Tajikistan Internal Affairs Ministry believes the gunmen were members of “Muzlokandov’s Gang,” an Islamic extremist group.

8 June Venezuela

In Apure State, just over the Colombian border, 10 Colombian National Liberation Army (ELN) gunmen killed a Venezuelan man whom they believed was an informant for Venezuela’s national guard.

9 June Israel

Unidentified gunmen opened fire on a car near Zekharya, killing a dual US/Israeli citizen and an Israeli. The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) is suspected.

15 June United Kingdom

A truck bomb detonated at a Manchester shopping center, wounding 206 persons, including two German tourists, and causing extensive property damage. The Irish Republican Army (IRA) claimed responsibility.

25 June Saudi Arabia

A fuel truck carrying a bomb exploded outside the US military’s Khubar Towers housing facility in Dhahran, killing 19 US military personnel and wounding 515 persons, including 240 US personnel. Several groups claimed responsibility for the attack, which remains under investigation.

27 June Bosnia and Herzegovina

Assailants detonated a bomb at a building in Zvornik that houses the Socialist Party of the Serb Republic, the International Police Task Force, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, and the European Community Monitoring Mission.The explosion caused major damage but no injuries.

8 July Ethiopia

Two Somali gunmen opened fire on the Minister of Transport and Communications as he arrived at his office in Addis Ababa, wounding him and killing two guards and two passersby. Al-Ittihaad al-Islami claimed responsibility for the attack.

12 July Austria

Four Kurdish militants occupied a Reuter news agency office in Vienna and held two employees hostage for several hours before surrendering. The attackers are suspected Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) sympathizers.

14 July Colombia

Armed men forced an Italian engineer out of his vehicle and took him hostage in Antioquia Province. No ransom demand was made. Authorities suspect the National Liberation Army (ELN) or the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC).

20 July Spain

A bomb exploded at Tarragona International Airport in Reus, wounding 35 persons, including British and Irish tourists. Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA) is suspected.

24 July Germany

Turkish leftist militants seized a German Social Democratic Party (SPD) office in Frankfurt for several hours, taking four party officials hostage. The activists demanded improved conditions for political prisoners in Turkey and SPD support for their plight. Police forces stormed the office and arrested them.

26 July Germany

Armed assailants briefly occupied a Turkish consulate office in Berlin.The attackers tied up four staffers and painted leftist slogans on the walls.The Turkish Communist Party Marxist/ Leninist (TKP-ML) is suspected.

Tajikistan

Two gunmen arrived at a Dushanbe airport in a taxi, shot the driver, and went to the airport’s military section where they shot two Russian soldiers. Several others were wounded in the attack. Russian military personnel immediately arrested the gunmen.

1 August Algeria

A bomb exploded at the home of the French Archbishop of Oran, killing him and his chauffeur.The attack occurred after the Archbishop’s meeting with the French Foreign Minister. The Armed Islamic Group (GIA) is suspected.

5 August Bosnia and Herzegovina

After receiving a telephoned bomb threat, security officers evacuated two buildings in Sarajevo that house the offices of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE). Authorities located and defused the bomb. No one claimed responsibility.

Ethiopia

A bomb exploded in the lobby of the Wabbe Shebelle Hotel in Addis Ababa, killing two persons and injuring 17 others, including a Belgian citizen. No one claimed responsibility for the attack.

France

Unidentified assailants killed the local chief representative of the Kurdistan Democratic Party at his Paris residence. No one claimed responsibility for the killing.

9 August Colombia

Suspected leftist guerrillas kidnapped an Italian restaurateur and longtime Colombian resident.

10 August Panama

Some 50 suspected Colombian guerrillas kidnapped the former representative for the Democratic Revolutionary Party in Boca de Cupe, Darien. Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) or National Liberation Army (ELN) guerrillas are suspected.

11 August Somalia

Suspected Al-Ittihaad al-Islami gunmen killed two Ethiopian businessmen in Beledweyne to avenge Ethiopia’s two-day military incursion into Somalia earlier that month.

14 August Colombia

Suspected National Liberation Army (ELN) rebels kidnapped two Brazilian engineers working on a highway in Meta Department.

Sri Lanka

Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) rebels bombed the offices and residences belonging to two South Korean companies, Korea Telecom International and Samsung Electronics, causing serious damage but no injuries.This was the first LTTE attack against foreign investors in Sri Lanka.

15 August Tajikistan

A remote-controlled explosive device—placed in a drainage culvert under a road in Dushanbe—detonated as a Russian troop transport vehicle passed over it, killing the driver and wounding a passenger. No one claimed responsibility.

17 August France

A bomb exploded at the construction site for a McDonald’s restaurant in Saint-Jean-de-Luz, causing extensive structural damage. Basque separatist groups are suspected.

Sudan

Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA) rebels kidnapped six missionaries in Mapourdit, including a US citizen, an Italian, three Australians, and a Sudanese. The SPLA released the hostages on 28 August.

21 August Colombia

Gunmen kidnapped an Italian engineer working on an oil pipeline in northern Colombia.

25 August Bahrain

Three Bahrainis shot and wounded a Pakistani policeman guarding the Russian Consulate. No one claimed responsibility for the attack.

27 August Germany

Turkish leftist militants shot at a vehicle carrying two members of a rival exiled-leftist organization, killing one of the occupants and injuring the other.

11 September Iraq

Kurdish refugees seized nine UN employees near Sairanbar. A World Food Program official, a UNICEF official, and a UNHCR employee were among those taken. A crowd of refugees demonstrating near the UN offices seized the workers as thousands chanted anti-US slogans and threw rocks at UN employees.The refugees later released all the hostages.

13 September Iraq

Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK) militants kidnapped four French workers for Pharmaciens Sans Frontieres (Pharmacists Without Borders), a Canadian UNHCR official, and two Iraqis.

14 September Bahrain

Three assailants threw a flammable liquid into a parts shop in An Nuwaydirat and set it on fire.The attackers then pulled the rolling metal door down, preventing an Indian employee from escaping. The employee died from his burns the next day.

Venezuela

National Liberation Army (ELN) guerrillas opened fire on a military post in Los Bancos, killing one soldier and wounding two civilians.

1 October Russia

In Vladivostok, two or three assailants attacked and killed a South Korean consul near the victim’s apartment. He reportedly died of a head wound. No one claimed responsibility. South Korean authorities believe that the attack was carried out by professionals and that the assailants were North Koreans. North Korean officials denied the country’s involvement in the attack.

5 October Ethiopia

Unidentified assailants shot and killed a German botanist near a shopping area called the Taiwan Market in Dire Dawa. No one claimed responsibility for the attack.

10 October Venezuela

Suspected National Liberation Army (ELN) guerrillas kidnapped a Venezuelan cattleman at the border with Colombia. A few hours later the victim was found dead in Libertador.

16 October Ethiopia

In two separate incidents, unknown assailants shot and killed a French national and a Yemeni national near the Taiwan Market in Dire Dawa.

20 October Cambodia

Approximately 40 suspected Khmer Rouge militants abducted three Frenchmen and five Cambodians who were traveling by motorcycle in Kampong Chhnang Province. The kidnappers released the hostages unharmed about 24 hours later.

Yemen

Assailants abducted a French diplomat while he was driving in Sanaa. On 26 October the diplomat was turned over to local tribe members who then detained him until 1 November, when the government agreed to their conditions for his release.

24 October Uganda

Several gunmen attacked a Sudanese refugee camp in Palorinya, western Moyo, killing 16 Sudanese refugees and wounding five others. No one claimed responsibility for the attack.

26 October Colombia

Leftist rebels abducted a French geologist and a Colombian engineer in Meta Department after attacking the convoy in which the pair was traveling. No one claimed responsibility, but authorities suspect the National Liberation Army (ELN) or the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC).

France

Gunmen assassinated the international treasurer of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) and a companion in Paris. Authorities believe the LTTE killed the official for misappropriating funds for personal use.

1 November Sudan

A breakaway group from the Sudanese People’s Liberation Army (SPLA) kidnapped three International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) workers, including a US citizen, an Australian, and a Kenyan. On 9 December the rebels released the hostages in exchange for ICRC supplies and a health survey for their camp.

12 November Bahrain

Two propane gas cylinders exploded behind a strip mall near the Shia village of Wattyan, damaging the Gulf Motors Agency Hyundai dealership and injuring a security guard.

15 November Algeria

Unidentified assailants beheaded a Bulgarian businessman who was the former Bulgarian defense attache to Algeria.The victim was found at the entrance to Bainem Forest, west of Algiers. No one claimed responsibility for the attack.

17 November Turkey

A fire broke out at the Tozbey Hotel in Istanbul, killing 17 Ukrainians and injuring more than 40 persons. On 22 November the group Turkish Islamic Jihad (TIJ) claimed responsibility for starting the fire, although authorities believed it may have been caused by faulty wiring and negligence by the hotel’s guests.

3 December France

A bomb exploded aboard a Paris subway train as it arrived at the Port Royal station, killing two French nationals, a Moroccan, and a Canadian, and injuring 86 persons. Among those injured were one US citizen and a Canadian. No one claimed responsibility for the attack, but Algerian extremists are suspected.

8 December Tajikistan

Guerrillas attacked a jointly owned Tajik-British gold mine in Darvaz, abducting four employees, including a Briton and a South African. The assailants occupied the mine for five days. After negotiations with representatives from the UN, the Red Cross, British diplomats, and an inter-Tajik joint commission monitoring the current peace accord, the hostages were released on 28 December in Childara village.

11 December Colombia

Five armed men claiming to be members of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) kidnapped a US geologist at a methane gas exploration site in La Guajira Department. (The geologist was killed, and his body was retrieved by Colombian authorities in February 1997.)

17 December Peru

Twenty-three members of the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA) took several hundred people hostage at a party given at the Japanese Ambassador’s residence in Lima. Among the hostages were several US officials, foreign ambassadors and other diplomats, Peruvian Government officials, and Japanese businessmen.The group demanded the release of all MRTA members in prison and safe passage for them and the hostage takers. The terrorists released most of the hostages in December but still held 81 Peruvians and Japanese citizens at the end of the year.

Russia

Gunmen broke into a residential area for the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in Novyy Atagi, Chechnya, fatally shooting six staff employees and wounding a seventh. The victims included two Norwegians, a Dutch national, a Canadian, a New Zealander, a Spaniard, and a Swiss national. No group claimed responsibility.

20 December Tajikistan

An armed group stopped a convoy between Fayzabad and Gharm and seized 23 hostages, including seven foreign national UN military observers and Tajik Government officials. The group claimed it was loyal to Rezvon Sodirov, the leader of an armed gang, and demanded that several of their supporters be returned to them.The hostages were subsequently released.

27 December Eritrea

Unknown assailants ambushed and killed five Belgian tourists and their Eritrean driver as they returned to Asmara from a field trip. No one claimed responsibility for the attack. 31 December Bahrain Eight assailants surrounded a building in a Shia village, set several tires on fire, and threw Molotov cocktails inside, killing an Asian man and injuring two others.

1997

2 January Tajikistan

Unidentified gunmen shot and killed a Russian medical service major and an ethnic Tajik senior medical nurse in an apartment in Dushanbe.There is speculation the killings were domestically motivated or carried out by Islamist opposition fighters.

2-13 January United States

A series of letter bombs with Alexandria, Egypt, postmarks were discovered at Al-Hayat newspaper bureaus in Washington, DC; New York City; London, United Kingdom; and Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Three similar devices, also postmarked in Egypt, were found at a prison facility in Leavenworth, Kansas. Bomb disposal experts defused all the devices, but one detonated at the Al-Hayat office in London, injuring two security guards and causing minor damage.

4 January Tajikistan

A car bomb exploded near a major marketplace in Dushanbe, killing one Russian soldier and wounding three others, and wounding a Tajik driver employed by the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) joint peacekeeping forces. CIS officials believe professionals may have carried out the bombing. Islamist opposition fighters are suspected.

5 January South Africa

The Boere Aanvals Troepe claimed responsibility for exploding a bomb at a mosque in Rustenburg, injuring a Sudanese citizen and a South African.

18 January Rwanda

Hutu militants shot and killed three Spanish aid workers from Doctors of the World and wounded one US citizen, who had to have his leg amputated.

19 January Russia

Near Samashki village in Chechnya, assailants kidnapped two Russian journalists who were traveling to the Ingush region’s capital, Nazran. The kidnappers demanded a ransom of $500,000. The hostages were released on 18 February. There is reporting that no ransom was paid. A Jordanian militant is suspected of leading the kidnappers.

20 January Bosnia and Herzegovina

A Bosnian-Croatian businessman died after he tripped a boobytrap explosive attached to the front door of his apartment.

21 January Iraq

At the Atrush refugee camp approximately 400 militants took 1,500 Turkish male refugees hostage and fled to nearby Garo mountain after the United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) closed the camp.There are approximately 5,000 to 8,000 persons remaining at the camp. UNHCR and Turkish Government officials believe the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) is responsible.

23 January Tajikistan

In Dushanbe, gunmen shot and killed a retired Cossack military commander, his mother, and his fiancee.

2 February Rwanda

An unidentified gunman entered a church in Ruhengeri and shot and killed a priest as he served communion.

4 February Rwanda

Suspected Hutu militants killed five team members of the Human Rights Field Operation in Rwanda (HRFOR) in Cyangugu Prefecture, using firearms, grenades, and machetes. The victims include a Briton, a Cambodian, and three Rwandans.

Tajikistan

Near Komsomolabad, a paramilitary group led by Bakhrom Sodirov abducted four UN military observers.The victims included two Swiss, one Austrian, one Ukrainian, and their Tajik interpreter.The kidnappers demanded safe passage for their supporters from Afghanistan to Tajikistan. On 11 February the group released the Austrian hostage who was ill. By 17 February all the hostages were released after the group’s demand was met.

5-17 February Tajikistan In four separate incidents occurring between Dushanbe and Garm, Bakhrom Sodirov and his group kidnapped two International Committee for the Red Cross members, four Russian journalists and their Tajik driver, four UNHCR members, and the Tajik Security Minister, Saidamir Zukhurov. Sodirov demanded safe passage for his brother, Rezvon Sodirov, and his followers from Afghanistan to Tajikistan. The group released the hostages when the Tajikistan and Russian Governments complied with their demand.

7 February Colombia

Several Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) guerrillas kidnapped two German and two Austrian tourists in Los Katios National Park, demanding a $15 million ransom. On 4 March Colombia soldiers patrolling an area in Choco Department spotted them along with their captors. The rebels killed two of the hostages when the troops discovered their hideout.The military forces engaged in a gun battle with the captors, killing four guerrillas. The military rescued the two remaining hostages.

8 February Angola

Separatists from the Cabinda Liberation Front-Cabindan Armed Forces (FLEC-FAC) kidnapped one Malaysian and one Filipino forest engineer. A FLEC-FAC official charged the two with spying for the Angolan Government and said they would be punished by expulsion or death. FLEC-FAC issued an ultimatum to Western companies to leave the enclave of Cabinda or become targets in the guerrilla struggle for independence.

11 February Ethiopia

Two unidentified Ethiopian gunmen tried to bypass security guards at the Belaneh Hotel in Harer, killing one security officer and wounding one other person. The gunmen then threw grenades into the hotel lounge, wounding three Britons, one German, one Dutch and one French citizen.

12 February Venezuela

Two oil engineers were kidnapped from oilfields by presumed Colombian guerrillas in Apure.

14 February Venezuela

Six armed Colombian guerrillas kidnapped a US oil engineer and his Venezuelan pilot in Apure. The kidnappers released the Venezuelan pilot on 22 February. According to authorities, the FARC is responsible for the kidnapping.

15 February Ecuador

Achuar Indians kidnapped a US geologist, a British technical assistant, and two Ecuadorian scientists in Shimi. The hostages work for an Argentine company, conducting environmental research in an area being explored for oil.The kidnappers released the two Ecuadorians the next day and released the two others on 22 February.

20 February Colombia

Suspected National Liberation Army guerrillas kidnapped a Norwegian employee of a Swedish-owned construction company in Urra.

Pakistan

Unidentified gunmen shot and killed the Chief of the Iranian Cultural Center and six others.

21 February Azerbaijan

Unidentified assailants killed a prominent member of parliament in the lobby of his Baku apartment building.

22 February Georgia

In Gali, Abkhazia, a landmine exploded when a Russian armored personnel carrier passed by, killing three Russian peacekeeping soldiers and wounding another. An ambulance responding to the first blast ran over a second landmine, killing three Russian medics. Both blasts caused major damage. A group calling itself the White Legion and other Georgian partisans are suspected. The White Legion denied responsibility.

23 February-12 April Russia

Four gunmen kidnapped an Italian photojournalist traveling between Chernorechye village and Grozny. In late March the kidnappers demanded a ransom of $1 million. Russian and Chechen authorities and the humanitarian agency Intersos helped bring about the hostage’s release. Chechen militants are suspected of carrying out the abduction in an attempt to undermine ongoing talks between Moscow officials and the recently elected Chechen government.

23 February United States

A Palestinian gunman opened fire on tourists at an observation deck atop the Empire State building in New York City, killing a Danish national and wounding visitors from the United States, Argentina, Switzerland, and France before turning the gun on himself. A handwritten note carried by the gunman claimed this was a punishment attack against the “enemies of Palestine.”

24 February Colombia

ELN guerrillas kidnapped a US citizen employed by a Las Vegas gold corporation who was scouting a gold mining operation in Colombia. The ELN demanded a ransom of $2.5 million.

4 March Yemen

Fifty Yemeni tribesmen kidnapped six German tourists and their German tour guide in Wadi al-Dabaat, demanding $12 million from the Yemen Government. On 12 March the tribesmen released the seven hostages.

7 March Colombia

FARC guerrillas kidnapped a US mining employee and his Colombian colleague who were searching for gold in Colombia. On 16 November the rebels released the two hostages after receiving a $50,000 ransom.

21 March Germany

Suspected members of the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) detonated an improvised explosive device next to propane/ butane gas tanks outside a Turkish-owned fast-food restaurant in Bad Vilbel, injuring one person and causing extensive damage.

22 March Nigeria

Armed members of the Ijaw community, protesting the redrawing of regional boundaries, occupied Shell buildings, holding 127 Nigerian employees of the Anglo-Dutch-owned Shell Oil Company. The protesters released 18 hostages on 25 March and the remaining 109 on 27 March.Three of the hostages had been injured.

25 March Netherlands

Suspected members or sympathizers of the Turkish Grey Wolves organization or the PKK set a fire at a home in a predominantly Turkish neighborhood in The Hague, killing a mother and her five children, and causing extensive damage.

27 March Yemen

Yemeni tribesmen kidnapped four German tourists who were returning to Sanaa from Marib. A letter was sent to the German Embassy threatening to kill the hostages if the Yemeni Government did not pay a ransom of roughly $3 million. On 6 April 1997 the tribesmen released the hostages. No ransom was paid.

29 March Colombia

Five uniformed, heavily armed Colombian Simon Bolivar Guerrilla Coordinating Board members kidnapped a Venezuelan cattle rancher who is the godparent of Venezuela’s president in Zulia municipality.

30 March Cambodia

Unknown assailants threw four grenades into a political demonstration in Phnom Penh, killing up to 16 persons and wounding more than 100 others. Among the injured were a US citizen from the International Republican Institute, a Chinese journalist from the Xinhua News Agency, and opposition leader Sam Rainsy, who led some 200 supporters of his Khmer National Party in the demonstration against the governing Cambodian People’s Party.

1 April Venezuela

Thirty suspected Colombian ELN guerrillas killed two Venezuelan naval officers in El Ripial, Apure state. The officers were part of a patrol group sailing on a river located along the Venezuelan shore when the guerrillas opened fire on them.

3 April Ethiopia

A Danish nurse who had worked in Ethiopia for the Danish Ethiopian Mission since 1993 was found murdered in the southern region of Bale. She had been missing since her car was stopped by armed men in late March.

8 April Colombia

FARC guerrillas bombed a rail line at a mining complex in El Cerrejon, derailing 27 railcars, spilling 2,700 tons of coal and 3,700 gallons of diesel fuel, and damaging 550 yards of rail line.The mine is operated under concession by Intercor, a subsidiary of Exxon Corp.

11-12 April Bosnia and Herzegovina

Police discovered and defused 23 landmines under a bridge that was part of Pope John Paul Ⅱ’s motorcade route in Sarajevo, several hours before the Pope’s arrival.

22 April Cambodia

Khmer Rouge guerrillas attacked two trucks in the Barkeo district of Ratanakkiri Province, killing three Vietnamese citizens, wounding six others, and destroying the trucks.

27 April Cambodia

Khmer Rouge guerrillas attacked Vietnamese fishermen and wood cutters in Barkeo district of Ratanakkiri, killing nine persons and wounding 10 others.

28 April Russia

In Grozny, Chechnya, assailants kidnapped the son of the late Georgian President Zviad Gamsakhurdia. The kidnappers threw the hostage out of their vehicle when police pursued them.

5 May Colombia

ELN rebels kidnapped a Brazilian construction worker. The ELN released the hostage on 15 October in Santa Marta.The Red Cross helped the construction company negotiate with the kidnappers. Claiming security reasons, the construction company did not report whether it paid any ransom.

16 May Venezuela

In Urena municipality four armed men kidnapped a Venezuelan politician.The victim was forced into a vehicle and taken to Colombia where he attempted to escape and was shot and killed by his captors. ELN and FARC both operate in the area where the politician was abducted.

13 June Bahrain

Arsonists set fire to an upholstery shop in Manama, killing four Indian expatriates who were trapped in their home above the shop. Shia extremists are suspected.

17 June Tajikistan

A gunman opened fire on two Russian CIS Collective Peacekeeping Force officers in Dushanbe, killing one and wounding the other.

22 June Algeria

Unknown assailants killed a French woman in Bouzeguene and dumped her body in a well. The Armed Islamic Group is suspected.

27 June Colombia

In San Pablo, 60 ELN guerrillas kidnapped three employees of a Brazilian company contracted to repair railroad track in Cesar and Magdalena departments. Two workers were released on 1 July unharmed.The rebels still hold a Spanish engineer and are asking a ransom of $9,000 worth of food “for the people” to release the hostage.

1 July Sri Lanka

Guerrillas from the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) captured an Indonesian flag passenger ferry, taking two Indonesian and seven Sri Lankan crewmembers hostage and then torching the ship. The terrorists released the Indonesians, but the fate of the Sri Lankan hostages is unknown.

6 July Bahrain

Arsonists set fire to a store in Sitra, killing a Bangladeshi and injuring another. Shia extremists are suspected.

7 July Sri Lanka

LTTE guerrillas hijacked a North Korean food ship, killing one North Korean crewmember and holding 37 others hostage. On 12 July the LTTE released the hostages to the International Committee of the Red Cross.

12 July Cuba

A bomb exploded at the Hotel Nacional in Havana, injuring three persons and causing minor damage. Among the injured were one Jamaican man and one Cuban woman. The Hotel Nacional is a five-star hotel located 200 meters from a hotel that was bombed 10 minutes earlier.The Cuban Government stated that “the people responsible for the bombings and also the material used in them came from the United States.” In a series of telephone calls to news organizations in Madrid and other foreign capitals, a previously unknown group calling itself the Military Liberation Union claimed responsibility for the recent bombings in Havana.The group claims to be made up of disenchanted Cuban soldiers who intend to spark revolt against Fidel Castro. Their claims are supported by an ex-Cuban air force colonel, who says dissident soldiers are stealing explosives from military arsenals. On 10 September the Ministry of Interior announced the arrest of a Salvadoran citizen who confessed responsibility for the bombing.

19 July Colombia

ELN guerrillas kidnapped a dual Canadian-Colombian citizen and a Colombian citizen in El Bagre. The dual citizen may have been hired by a US mining company to negotiate the release of its US employee who is being held captive by the FARC.

22 July Colombia

Rebels kidnapped six persons who were flying to a remote area in Antioquia to work on electrical lines and seized their helicopter. A group calling itself the Guevarista Revolutionary Army claimed responsibility, demanding a $500,000 ransom and stating that they mined the jungle site where the six were taken and have loaded the helicopter with explosives. The helicopter engineer is a Nicaraguan citizen. On 30 July, Colombian troops found three of the hostages, unharmed, and recovered the helicopter.

26 July Yemen

Unknown assailants kidnapped two Italian tourists and their Yemeni driver near Kohlan. Security forces freed the hostages the next day.

30 July Colombia

ELN guerrillas bombed the Cano Limon-Covenas oil pipeline in Norte de Santander.The rebels wrapped sticks of dynamite around the pipes of the pump, causing a major oil spill and suspending pumping operations for more than a week, which resulted in several million dollars in lost revenue.

Israel

Two bombs detonated in the Mahane Yehuda market in Jerusalem, killing 15 persons, including two suspected suicide bombers, and wounding 168 others. A dual US-Israeli citizen was among the dead, and two US citizens were among the wounded. The Izz-el-Din al-Qassam Brigades, the military wing of the Islamic Resistance Movement (HAMAS), claimed responsibility for the attack.

6 August Yemen

Yemeni tribesmen kidnapped an Italian tourist they randomly picked out among six others traveling between Rada and Aman.The tribesmen released the tourist on 10 August. They reportedly kidnapped him to pressure the government to recover a car confiscated in 1994.

7 August Colombia

In Yopal municipality, unidentified guerrillas attacked the installations of a Colombian firm that works for British Petroleum, harassing workers and setting machinery on fire. Damage is estimated at $2 million.

13 August Yemen

Tribesmen kidnapped six Italian tourists traveling to Aden from Mukallah.They released the hostages on 15 August.

14 August Yemen

Tribesmen kidnapped four Italian tourists in Khami.They released the hostages the next day.

15 August Peru

Sixty Sendero Luminoso (SL) guerrillas kidnapped 30 oil workers in Junin Department. The workers are employed by a firm that is contracted by a French transnational oil company. On 17 August the SL rebels released the oil workers unharmed in exchange for a ransom of food, medicines, clothing, and batteries.

Venezuela

Fifteen Colombian guerrillas kidnapped a Venezuelan army lieutenant and an unidentified resident in Chorrosquero. Three other army officers escaped capture by jumping into a nearby river. Authorities believe the two victims were immediately taken to Colombian territory. Both the ELN and FARC operate near the area.

4 September Cuba

A bomb exploded at the Copacabana hotel, killing an Italian tourist and causing minor damage.The tourist was killed by flying shards of glass from the explosion. Minutes earlier two other hotels frequented by foreign tourists were also bombed. On 10 September the Interior Ministry announced the arrest of a Salvadoran citizen, who confessed to these three bombings and two others on 12 July.

Israel

Three suicide bombers detonated bombs in the Ben Yehuda shopping mall in Jerusalem, killing eight persons, including the bombers, and wounding nearly 200 others. A dual USIsraeli citizen was among the dead, and seven US citizens were wounded.The Izz-el-Din al-Qassam Brigades, the military wing of the Islamic Resistance Movement (HAMAS), claimed responsibility for the attack.

9 September Philippines

Suspected members of the Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG) kidnapped a German business executive in Zamboanga City.The ASG released the hostage on 26 December.

Sri Lanka

Guerrillas from the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) attacked a merchant ship with rocket-propelled grenades, causing major damage to the ship. Up to 20 persons were reported killed, wounded, or missing, including five Chinese crewmen.The ship was owned by the China Ocean Shipping Company, registered in Panama, and chartered by the US company ACI Chemicals.The LTTE claimed responsibility.

16 September Georgia

Three men carrying AK-47s kidnapped one Egyptian and one Jordanian UNOMIG military observer and their local interpreter near the Georgian side of the Injuri River.The kidnappers released the Egyptian, demanding $50,000 for the release of the Jordanian.The kidnappers released the second observer after the United Nations paid them $7,000.

18 September Egypt

Gunmen attacked a tourist bus in front of the Egyptian National Antiquities Museum in Tahrir Square, Cairo, killing nine German tourists and their Egyptian busdriver, and wounding eight others.

22 September Jordan

Unknown assailants shot and wounded two Israeli security personnel as they sat in a parked vehicle outside an apartment building housing an Israeli Embassy family in Amman. The Jordanian Islamic Resistance claimed responsibility for the attack. The group demanded the release of a Jordanian soldier serving a life sentence for killing seven Israeli schoolchildren and threatened further attacks if Israeli diplomatic personnel did not leave within a month.

1 October India

Three bombs exploded on a passenger train as it approached Ghaziabad, in Uttar Pradesh, killing two persons and injuring 38 others, including one Japanese and four Australian passengers.

13 October Turkey

Nine PKK terrorists kidnapped two Bulgarian and one Turkish engineer from a coal mine. The Turkish engineer was found dead, but the Bulgarians were released unharmed on 16 October.

15 October Sri Lanka

LTTE guerrillas detonated a massive truck bomb in the parking lot of a major hotel next to the new World Trade Center in Colombo, killing 18 persons and injuring at least 110 others. Among the injured were seven US citizens and 33 other foreign nationals.The explosion caused extensive damage to several international hotels and the World Trade Center.

Yemen

Bani Dabian tribesmen kidnapped a British businessman and two Yemenis near Sumayr.The tribesmen demanded financial aid for their tribe and completion of electricity and water projects in the region. They released the hostages on 30 October.

Yemen

Yemeni tribesmen kidnapped four French tourists in Saada. The tribesmen demanded the return of a car they claimed the government confiscated because of lack of proper documentation. Authorities freed the hostages the next day.

22 October Yemen

Al-Hadda tribesmen kidnapped two Russian doctors and their wives in the Zamar region to pressure the government into handing down death sentences to four residents who raped a boy from their tribe.The tribesmen released the four hostages on 10 November.

23 October Colombia

ELN rebels kidnapped two foreign members of the Organization of American States (OAS) and a Colombian human rights official at a roadblock. One observer is Chilean, and the other is Guatemalan. The ELN claimed that the kidnapping was intended “to show the international community that the elections in Colombia are a farce.” In a letter to the Antioquia governor, the ELN stated that it would release the hostages after the elections, but that a nationwide “armed strike” would aim to prevent the elections from being held. On 28 October the ELN rebels issued the following conditions for the hostages’ release: lift the army checkpoints on the highway between Bogota and Medellin, clear La Pinuela base, clear Granada municipality, and halt army operations for eight consecutive days from the time of the release. On 1 November masked ELN guerrillas dressed in Colombian national police uniforms turned the hostages over to representatives of the Red Cross, Catholic Church, national and local peace commission members, and other witnesses in front of a parish church in Santa Ana. The men had been held elsewhere and were transferred by helicopter to the village.

27 October Philippines

Suspected Moro Islamic Front (MILF) guerrillas kidnapped an Irish Roman Catholic priest in Marawi, demanding $192,000 in ransom and the release of livelihood funds promised under the amnesty program. On 4 November the captors freed the priest.

29 October Yemen

Gunmen opened fire on the Qatari Ambassador to Yemen’s car in Sanaa. The ambassador escaped the attack. Militants opposed to the mid-November Middle East and North Africa economic conference in Qatar may be responsible.

30 October Yemen

Al-Sha’if tribesmen kidnapped a US businessman near Sanaa. The tribesmen sought the release of two fellow tribesmen who were arrested on smuggling charges and several public works projects they claim the government promised them. They released the hostage on 27 November.

31 October Uganda

Unknown assailants hurled two handgrenades into a backpackers’ hostel in Kampala, Uganda, injuring one South African, one Briton, and one unidentified foreign tourist.

11 November Colombia

Unknown assailants kidnapped a German industrialist in Cundinamarca, Colombia. No group claimed responsibility.

12 November Colombia

FARC rebels kidnapped one Mexican and one Colombian engineer from a hydroelectric plant.The rebels also stole dynamite and two vehicles they used to flee the scene.

Pakistan

One day, after the conviction of Mir Aimal Kansi, two unidentified gunmen shot to death four US auditors from Union Texas Petroleum and their Pakistani driver after they drove away from the Sheraton Hotel in Karachi.The Islami Inqilabi Council, or Islamic Revolutionary Council, claimed responsibility in a call to the US Consulate in Karachi.The Aimal Secret Committee, or Aimal Khufia Action Committee, also claimed responsibility in a letter to Pakistani newspapers.

17 November Egypt

Al-Gama’at al-Islamiyya (IG) gunmen shot and killed 58 tourists and four Egyptians and wounded 26 others at the Hatshepsut Temple in the Valley of the Kings near Luxor. Thirty-four Swiss, eight Japanese, five Germans, four Britons, one French, one Colombian, a dual-national Bulgarian/ Briton, and four unidentified persons were among the dead. Twelve Swiss, two Japanese, two Germans, one French, and nine Egyptians were among the wounded. The IG militants left a leaflet at the scene calling for the release of Umar Abd al-Rahman, the IG spiritual leader imprisoned in the United States.

18 November Philippines

Two suspected former members of the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) kidnapped a Belgian Roman Catholic priest in Ozamis as he returned home from a farewell party for the Irish priest who had been kidnapped 10 days earlier. The kidnappers released the Belgian priest on 19 November.

Tajikistan

A French couple was kidnapped by the brother and friends of jailed militant Bahrom Sodirov in hopes of gaining his release. On 29 November the kidnappers released the male hostage, but the woman was shot and later died when Tajik authorities stormed the building. Five terrorists died in the battle.

20 November Israel

Unknown gunmen shot and killed a Hungarian Yeshiva student and wounded an Israeli student in the Old City of Jerusalem.

21 November Somalia

In Elayo Village in the self-proclaimed republic of Somaliland, approximately 20 unidentified gunmen kidnapped five United Nations and European aid workers.The hostages included one Briton, one Canadian, two Kenyans, and one Indian and were released on 24 November.

22 November Algeria

Unidentified hooded attackers killed a German-born man in his home in Ain el Hajar, Saida Province.The victim had lived in Algeria since 1952, had converted to Islam, and was married to an Algerian woman.

25-26 November Yemen

Yemeni tribesmen kidnapped a US citizen, two Italians, and two unspecified Westerners near Aden to protest the eviction of a tribe member from his home. The kidnappers released the five hostages on 27 November without incident.

10 December Turkey

Authorities defused a powerful time bomb found inside a gas cylinder at a Turkish facility adjoining the international ATAS oil refinery in Mersin.The ATAS refinery is a joint venture of Royal Dutch/Shell group, Mobil Oil, British Petroleum (BP), and Turkey’s Marmara Petrol.

13 December Nigeria

Employees and villagers kidnapped one US citizen, one Australian, and two British oil workers, and at least nine Nigerian staff members of Western Geophysical, a US-owned oil exploration company off the coast of Nigeria. The victims were released in stages on 17 and 18 December.

17 December Chechnya

Fifteen armed men kidnapped five Polish nationals working for the Catholic charity Caritas, Poland.

18 December Colombia

ELN rebels kidnapped four Colombian Coca-Cola employees at a roadblock in Norte de Santander.The rebels seek individual ransoms and a payoff from Coca-Cola to prevent further kidnappings and have approached other Coca-Cola officials demanding a protection payoff.

23 December Pakistan

Unidentified assailants fired shots at the teachers’ residential compound of the Karachi American School, wounding one Frontier Constabulary guard. The compound is home to nine US citizens and six Canadian teachers and is one block from the school compound in a neighborhood with seven other consulate residences.The guard post has been in place since the 12 November murders of four Union Texas Petroleum employees.

1998

5 January Yemen

Two Yemeni tribesmen kidnapped three South Korean citizens, including the wife and daughter of the First Secretary of the Korean Embassy, in Sanaa.The hostages were released on 9 January.

8 January Russia

Two Swedish missionaries were kidnapped in Makhackala. An anonymous telephone caller claiming to represent the Dagestani kidnappers stated the hostages had been moved to Chechnya.The hostages were released on 24 June 1998.

14 January Israel

A boobytrapped videocassette exploded at the Israel-Lebanon border crossing near Metulla, injuring three Israelis and three Lebanese, including the man who carried it. The Amal claimed responsibility, stating that the intended target was a senior Israeli intelligence officer.

21 January Yemen

Armed tribesmen abducted two engineers in two separate incidents. The tribesmen released the hostages, one German and one Chinese, the next day.

25 January India

Heavily armed masked militants attacked four Hindu families in Wandhama, on the Pakistani side of the Kashmir Line of Control, killing at least 23 men,women, and children. A lone survivor described the militants as Urdu-speaking foreigners, who first took tea with the Hindu families before opening fire. The militants also set fire to a Hindu temple and some homes.

3 February Chad

Five armed members of a Chadian opposition group kidnapped four French nationals in Manda National Park in Moyen-Chari Prefecture, releasing them unharmed on 8 February. The Union of Democratic Forces (UFD) claimed responsibility.

Greece

Bombs detonated at two McDonald’s restaurants in the Halandri and Vrilissia suburbs of Athens, causing extensive damage. Authorities suspect anarchists carried out the attacks in retaliation for the arrest of the alleged leader of the Fighting Guerrilla Formation (MAS).

9 February Yemen

Yemeni tribesmen kidnapped a Dutch tourist in Sanaa. The kidnappers demanded the release of three members of their clan who had been arrested for stealing a United Nations vehicle. The hostage was released on 25 February. 19 February Georgia Armed supporters of late Georgian president Zviad Gamsakhurdia abducted four United Nations military observers from Sweden, Uruguay, and the Czech Republic. On 22 February one Uruguayan military observer was released.The remaining hostages were released after President Shevardnadze met with the Gamsakhurdia opposition on 25 February. Eight of the kidnappers were captured. (The leader, a key figure in the assault on 9 February on President Shevardnaze’s motorcade, remained at large until Georgian authorities tracked him to western Georgia and killed him in a shootout on 31 March.)

19 February Yemen

Yemeni al-Hadda tribesmen kidnapped a Dutch agricultural expert in Dhamar. The kidnappers demanded development projects in their area and released the hostage the next day.

21 February Pakistan

Unidentified gunmen killed two Iranian engineers near the Iranian Cultural Center in Karachi. The shooting may have been conducted to mark the anniversary of the attack on 20 February 1997 on the Iranian Cultural Center in Multan.

25 February Ethiopia

An armed group kidnapped an Austrian national as she traveled from Gode to Denan, according to press reports. The Ogaden National Liberation Front (ONLF) claimed responsibility. The ONLF released the hostage 23 March after announcing on a radio broadcast its intent to release her.

14 March Colombia

Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) guerrillas kidnapped two French businessmen in Meta Department, according to press accounts.The hostages are brothers who run a hotel in the department. One hostage was released shortly after the abduction with a huge ransom demand by the rebels for his brother’s release.

21 March Colombia

FARC rebels kidnapped a US citizen in Sabaneta. According to multiple media sources, the hostage was released to the International Red Cross on 6 September 1998.

22 March Chad

Gunmen kidnapped six French and two Italian nationals in the Tibesti region. Chadian forces freed all but one hostage within hours. A group called the National Front for the Renewal of Chad (FNTR) claimed responsibility in a statement to the press, saying it would release the remaining hostage on the condition that French troops withdraw from Chad and that Western oil companies halt exploration and exploitation of all resources in Chad. On 27 March, Chadian security forces freed the last hostage.

23 March Angola

Rebels from the Front for the Liberation of the Cabinda Enclave-Cabinda Armed Forces (FLEC-FAC) abducted two Portuguese citizens in Cabinda.The victims are employed by Mota & Company, a Portuguese construction company.The FLEC-FAC demanded $500,000 in ransom, the intervention of Portuguese authorities, and negotiations for the withdrawal of Portugal from Angola. On 24 June the FLEC-FAC released the hostages. It is not known if a ransom was paid.

Colombia

FARC rebels killed three persons, wounded 14, and kidnapped at least 27 others at a roadblock near Bogota. Four US citizens and one Italian were among those kidnapped, as well as the acting president of the National Electoral Council (CNE) and his wife. On 25 March the rebels released the CNE president and his wife. The rebels released nine of the Colombian hostages two days later. On 2 April one of the US hostages escaped his captors. On 25 April the last two hostages were released.

25 March Colombia

At the British Petroleum oil field in Cupiagua, a bomb blast injured one US citizen and two British workers. At least one bomb was placed near the oil workers’ sleeping trailers and detonated around midnight. Police blame the attack on the National Liberation Army.

Early April Morocco

An armed Islamic group killed 10 Moroccans near the border town of Oujda in early April, according to news reports.

4 April Uganda

The US Embassy reported that bombs exploded at two restaurants in Kampala, killing five persons—including one Swedish and one Rwandan national—and wounding at least six others. The restaurants, the Nile Grill and the cafe at the Speke Hotel, are within walking distance of the US Embassy and the Sheraton Hotel. A Ugandan Government official reported to local press that the Allied Democratic Forces may be responsible.

10 April Turkey

Two Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) members on a motorcycle threw a bomb into a park near the Blue Mosque in Istanbul, according to press reports.The explosion injured two Indian tourists, one New Zealander, four Turkish civilians, and two Turkish soldiers. On 12 April authorities arrested the two PKK members involved in the attack.

15 April Somalia

Multiple media sources reported that militiamen abducted nine Red Cross and Red Crescent workers at an airstrip north of Mogadishu.The hostages included a US citizen, a German, a Belgian, a French, a Norwegian, two Swiss, and one Somali. The gunmen are members of a subclan loyal to Ali Mahdi Mohammed, who controls the northern section of the capital. On 24 April the hostages were released unharmed, and no ransom was paid.

17 April Cambodia

Approximately 60 armed suspected Khmer Rouge militants attacked two fishing villages on the Tonle Sap lake in Kampong Chhnang Province, killing 21 persons and wounding at least nine others, according to press accounts. Twelve of the victims were Vietnamese nationals.The attack occurred in the early morning when the victims were asleep.

Yemen

Press reported that tribesmen kidnapped a British Council official, along with his wife and son, as they traveled from Aden to Sanaa.The kidnappers released the hostages on 3 May.

18 April India

Muslim militants attacked Barankot village in Udhampur district, Kashmir, killing 29 persons, according to press reports. Lashkar-i-Taiba claimed responsibility for the massacre.

19 April Venezuela

Unidentified Colombian guerrillas kidnapped a Venezuelan cattleman in Los Flores hacienda. On 23 April the Venezuelan Directorate of Intelligence and Prevention Services rescued the hostage.

22 April Angola

Suspected secessionists from the Front for the Liberation of the Cabinda Enclave abducted a Portuguese citizen and nine Angolans in Cabinda, according to press reports.The victims are employed by Mota & Company, a Portuguese construction company. The Portuguese hostage was released unharmed on 24 June.

Iraq

A gunman shot and killed an Iranian clergyman and injured his two companions in An Najaf, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility for the attack.

23 April Yemen

A police officer from the Al-Marakesha tribe kidnapped a Ukrainian citizen on his way to Sanaa and handed him over to the tribe, according to press reports.Tribesmen released the hostage the next day.

24 April Yemen

A bomb exploded in the courtyard of the Al-Kheir mosque after midday prayers in Sanaa, according to US Embassy reporting. The explosion killed two persons and wounded 26 others, including two United States citizens, one Canadian, one Libyan, and several Somalis.

25 April Colombia

FARC guerrillas kidnapped a Palestinian connected to the Palestine Liberation Organization in Bogota.The victim is a Colombian citizen who has resided in Colombia for the past 20 years. On 17 July the FARC rebels released the hostage, reportedly at the request of the International Red Cross and of a special envoy of the Palestinian Authority.

Late April Angola

Militants thought to be from the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) abducted a Portuguese couple involved in trading, according to the press. An administrative source told the Angolan Press Agency that the abduction occurred after 150 armed men occupied the commune of Ebanga. UNITA does not have a history of kidnapping foreigners, and the motive is unclear.

1 May India

A bomb exploded under a crowded bus in Shupiyan, injuring six persons, according to press reports. Muslim militants are suspected.

4 May India

Near Manchar, east of Jammu, Kashmir, police reported that suspected Muslim militants killed four members of a village defense committee, four other villagers and one police officer.

5 May India

Armed Islamic militants reportedly entered a home in Surankote, north of Jammu and killed four persons.

6 May India

Suspected Muslim militants killed five Hindu family members during a funeral procession outside the town of Punch, Kashmir, according to US Embassy reports.

16 May Colombia

Six unidentified heavily armed men kidnapped an Italian engineer near Medellin. The engineer, who was overseeing the construction of a tunnel, was taken from his car and forced to enter a taxi with the gunmen, according to police reports. Police said it was unclear whether the kidnappers were leftist guerrillas.

India

In Binola Chuora village, Kashmir, militants killed at least seven persons. According to press accounts, the victims were former militants who had become police informants or members of village defense groups opposed to the militants.

19 May Angola

Armed assailants attacked a marked United Nations vehicle at Calandula, killing one Angolan interpreter working for the UN and wounding two other UN employees and one Angolan police officer. A UN spokesperson blamed UNITA.

22 May Sudan

Guerrillas from the Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA) abducted a British contractor for the World Food Program (WFP) and held him for ransom in an SPLA-controlled area of southern Sudan, according to official sources. The victim is employed by Terra Firma and was on a survey mission for WFP when he was abducted. SPLA demanded $58,000 and 125 drums of diesel fuel.The contractor was released on 19 June.

23 May India

A provincial legislator, his driver, a bodyguard, and three others were injured seriously when a bomb detonated on the outskirts of Srinagar, according to police reports.Their armored car was totally destroyed. Pakistani-supported Muslim militants are suspected.

26 May Venezuela

Three armed FARC guerrillas kidnapped a Venezuelan engineer in La Victoria. On 18 June the rebels released the engineer and gave him money to travel home. The hostage told authorities that the FARC stated they intended to kidnap a businessman from that area but took him by mistake.

27 May Colombia

In Santa Marta, 20 National Liberation Army (ELN) rebels bombed the offices of a subsidiary of the US-owned Dole company.The guerrillas overpowered the guards, gagged the employees, and destroyed files before detonating four bombs, partially destroying the headquarters. The rebels painted graffiti accusing the company owners of assisting paramilitary groups in the region.The rebels opened fire on the police as they escaped.

1 June India

Local press reported that a bomb exploded at a busy market in the heart of Jammu, Kashmir, killing one child and injuring 19 other persons. At least 10 shops were damaged. Indian officials suspect that Muslim militants are responsible.

India

A bomb exploded at an Army base in Jammu, Kashmir, killing two civilians and damaging the Army’s intelligence wing. Indian officials suspect that Muslim militants are responsible.

3 June Turkey

Armed PKK militants kidnapped a German tourist and a Turkish truck driver at a roadblock in Agri, according to press reports. The German tourist was found unharmed the next morning near the kidnapping site, but the truck driver still is missing.

7 June Pakistan

Police reported that a bomb ripped through an 18-car passenger train en route from Karachi to Peshawar, killing 23 persons and wounding at least 32 others, and destroying one railcar. Pakistan blames India’s Research and Analysis Wing for the bombing. Indian officials deny the accusation.

18 June Iraq

Unidentified assailants shot and killed an Iranian Shiite cleric, two of his relatives, and his driver. The victims were driving back to An Najaf after a pilgrimage to a shrine in Karbala’.

Yemen

Tribesmen kidnapped nine Italian tourists and their Yemeni driver in Husn al-Ghurab in the Bir Ali area of Mayfaah District. The tribesmen demanded the government pay them 800,000 riyals that were pledged to them in a previous agreement, compensation for a car lost in the civil war in 1994, and construction of a school and health facility in their region. The kidnappers released two elderly women and the driver on 19 June and the remaining seven hostages on 21 June.

19 June India

Five armed militants attacked Hindu villagers in Champnari village in Jammu’s Doda District, killing at least 25 persons and injuring seven others, according to police reports. The victims were members of two wedding parties. Indian officials blame Pakistani-backed Muslim militants.

21 June Lebanon

Unknown assailants fired four rocket-propelled grenades in the direction of the US Embassy in Beirut. The rockets exploded immediately after being launched, missing the Embassy.

23 June India

A remote-controlled bomb exploded under the Delhi-bound Shalimar Express in Kashmir, injuring at least 35 of the 2,000 passengers and derailing seven cars, according to press reports. A police spokesperson stated that Muslim militants are suspected.

25 June Ethiopia

Six staff members of the International Committee of the Red Cross were abducted when they were traveling from Gode to Degeh Bur in three marked vehicles.The ICRC members include one Swiss national and five ethnic Somalis. On 3 July the Islamic group al-Ittihad al-Islami claimed responsibility, stating that the hostages were under investigation for spying. On 10 July the hostages were released.

Colombia

FARC rebels kidnapped a Canadian, a Bolivian, and a Colombian citizen in Santander Department. The Bolivian citizen works for a Colombian-German firm, while both the Canadian and Colombian work for a Canadian mining company. The three men were kidnapped while driving on a rural road.

28 June India

According to press reports, a bomb hidden in a lunchbox detonated in Achaval Gardens, a popular picnic site in Anantnag, Kashmir. Two persons were killed and at least fifteen persons were injured in the blast.

8 July Uganda

A United Nations World Food Program (WFP) worker was killed instantly when guerrillas from the Uganda National Rescue Front Ⅱ fired a rocket-propelled grenade at his WFP truck.

14 July Colombia

FARC rebels kidnapped an Ecuadorian citizen near Medellin. The victim, a US resident, was enroute to visit his family in Ecuador when he was abducted. The FARC demanded $1 million for his release.

1 July India

An unidentified militant threw a grenade in the Jehangir Chowk area in Srinagar, Kashmir, injuring 13 persons, according to press accounts. A police official stated that the grenade was thrown at a Border Security Force post but exploded in the road instead. No one claimed responsibility, but police believe that Muslim militants are behind the attack.

18 July Ecuador

The Indigenous Defense Front for Pastaza Province (FDIP) kidnapped three employees of an Ecuadorian pipeline maker subcontracted by a US oil company in Pastaza Province.The group accuses the company of causing environmental damage in its oilfield developments. On 28 July the FDIP released one hostage, and it released the remaining two hostages the next day.

20 July Tajikistan

Unidentified assailants ambushed and killed four members of the United Nations Mission of Observers in the Tavildara area.The victims included military observers from Poland and Uruguay, a Japanese Civil Affairs officer, and a Tajikistani interpreter.

22 July Yemen

An assailant possibly associated with the Abu Nidal organization murdered an Egyptian citizen in Sanaa. The victim, Muhammad Salah Sha’ban, was the Imam of al-Husayni Mosque in Sanaa. The motive for the murder of Sha’ban—reportedly a member of the Egyptian al-Gama’at-al-Islamiyya—is unclear.

24 July India

A bomb exploded near the railroad tracks moments after the Shalimar Express passed by in Jammu and Kashmir, killing one soldier and injuring two civilians. Indian officials believe that Muslim militants are responsible.

25 July Yemen

A Yemeni shot and killed three Catholic nuns, one Filipino, and two Indians in the Red Sea port city of Al Hudaydah. Press reports stated that the assailant considers himself a Muslim fundamentalist and that he trained in Bosnia as a fighter, but Yemeni officials described him as “deranged.”

26 July India

A bomb exploded on an empty bus parked at the interstate bus terminal in New Delhi, killing two persons and injuring at least eight others, according to police reports. The bomb destroyed the bus and caused major damage to six others.

28 July India

According to police reports, suspected Muslim militants killed ten villagers in a predawn attack northwest of Doda, Kashmir. Five persons are reported missing.

India

In Doda, Kashmir, suspected Muslim militants killed at least eight members of two Hindu families and wounded three others. Eyewitnesses reported that the gunmen lined up the victims and shot them at point blank range.

1 August Northern Ireland

A 500-pound car bomb exploded outside a shoe store in Banbridge, injuring 35 persons and damaging at least 200 homes. Authorities had received a warning telephone call and were evacuating the area when the bomb went off.The Real IRA, the Republic of Ireland-based military wing of the 32 County Sovereignty Council, claimed responsibility.

4 August India

Suspected militants from the Harakat ul-Mujahidin (HUM) gunned down 19 persons near Surankot, Kashmir, according to the Indian Border Security Force and press reports. Two survivors traveled six hours on foot to report the attack to authorities. The victims were family members of a rival group that reportedly had been collaborating with Indian security forces.

India

Unidentified assailants with automatic rifles opened fire on a group of sleeping laborers at a remote construction site in Himachal Pradesh, killing 26 persons and wounding eight others. As the militants headed back to Kashmir they attacked a second group of workers, killing eight persons and wounding three others. Authorities suspect Pakistani-backed militants.

India

According to eyewitness reports, militants detonated a grenade in a crowded marketplace in Lal Chowk, Srinagar, Kashmir, injuring seven persons.

7 August Kenya

A bomb exploded at the rear entrance of the US Embassy in Nairobi, killing 12 US citizens, 32 Foreign Service Nationals (FSNs), and 247 Kenyan citizens. Approximately 5,000 Kenyans, six US citizens, and 13 FSNs were injured.The US Embassy building sustained extensive structural damage.The US Government is holding terrorist financier Usama Bin Ladin responsible.

Tanzania

Almost simultaneously, a bomb detonated outside the US Embassy in Dar es Salaam, killing seven FSNs and three Tanzanian citizens, and injuring one US citizen and 76 Tanzanians. The explosion caused major structural damage to the US Embassy facility. The US Government holds Usama Bin Ladin responsible.

10 August India

Unidentified assailants threw a grenade and fired automatic weapons into a crowded bus in Anantnag, Kashmir, killing four persons and injuring seven others, according to police reports. Authorities suspect Pakistani-backed separatists.

12 August Democratic Republic of the Congo

Suspected former Rwandan soldiers abducted six tourists—one Canadian, two Swedes, and three New Zealanders—after the tourists crossed into the Congo from Uganda.Two of the New Zealanders escaped one week later, and the Canadian was released on 19 August with a statement from a previously unknown group called People in Action for the Liberation of Rwanda. The group claimed responsibility and stated that the remaining captives would be freed if a message from the group was read over BBC broadcasts in Africa.The remaining hostages reportedly were sighted in the forests in eastern Congo.

14 August Sri Lanka

The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) seized a Dubaiowned cargo ship and abducted 21 crew-members, including 17 Indian nationals.The LTTE evacuated the crew before the Sri Lankan Air Force bombed and destroyed the ship, on the suspicion that the vessel was transporting supplies to the LTTE. The 17 Indian hostages were released to the International Committee of the Red Cross on 19 August.The LTTE continues to hold four Sri Lankans hostage.

15 August Northern Ireland

A 500-pound car bomb exploded outside a local courthouse in Omag’s central shopping district, killing 29 persons and injuring more than 330. Authorities were in the process of clearing the shopping area around the courthouse when the bomb exploded. On 17 August authorities arrested five local men suspected of involvement in the bombing.The Real IRA claimed responsibility.

25 August India

Separatist guerrillas threw a grenade at a vehicle carrying security personnel in Srinagar. According to police, the grenade missed its target and exploded in the crowded street, injuring 12 persons.

India

Police reported that unidentified militants threw a grenade in downtown Srinagar, killing one civilian and injuring 11 others.

South Africa

A bomb exploded in the Planet Hollywood restaurant in Capetown, killing one person and injuring at least 24 others—including nine British citizens—and causing major damage. The Muslims Against Global Oppression (MAGO) claimed responsibility in a phone call to a local radio station, stating that the bomb was in retaliation for the US missile attacks on terrorist facilities in Sudan and Afghanistan. Police believe that People Against Gangsterism and Drugs (PAGAD) are responsible.

29 August Belgium

Arsonists firebombed a McDonald’s restaurant in Puurs, destroying the restaurant and causing up to $1.4 million in damage.The Animal Liberation Front (ALF) claimed responsibility for the attack.

2 September India

Police reported that Muslim militants detonated a landmine under a bus carrying troops from Jammu to Punch, killing the civilian driver and seriously injuring 15 soldiers.

8 September Philippines

Approximately 30 suspected Muslim militants armed with rifles and grenade launchers abducted an Italian priest and 12 Filipinos from a cooperative store in the parish church. The Filipino hostages were released the next day, but the priest still is being held. No ransom has been demanded. Police suspect either the Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG) or the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF).

9 September Philippines

Suspected ASG members kidnapped three Hong Kong businessmen in Mindanao. The victims are employed by the Jackaphil Company. No ransom demand has been made.On 23 December the three kidnapped victims were released unharmed.

21 September Georgia

Unidentified assailants opened fire on a bus in Sukhumi, wounding three UN military observers and one other UN mission employee, according to UN officials.The injured include two Bangladeshis and one Nigerian.

22 September Colombia

Suspected FARC members kidnapped a Japanese businessman from his farm in Bogota.

India

Police and doctors reported that unidentified gunmen shot and wounded a French tourist near the Jama Masjid mosque in Srinagar.Witnesses said that two assailants fired at the victim. Muslim guerrillas are suspected.

29 September Ecuador

A bomb exploded at the Ecuadorian Bishops’ Conference, injuring one Spanish missionary and causing major damage. The explosion released leaflets calling for improved cost of living and utility services. Police believe the bombing is linked to a national strike protesting the economic package implemented by the Ecuadorian President.

3 October Russia

On 3 October 1998 in Groznyy, Chechnya, 20 unidentified armed assailants kidnapped three Britons and one New Zealander. On 8 December partial remains of the hostages were discovered on a roadside.

5 October Ecuador

Three employees of the Santa Fe Oil Company, two US citizens and one Ecuadorian, were kidnapped, according to local press accounts. One US citizen escaped the next day.

6 October India

According to police reports, suspected Muslim militants threw a bomb at a vehicle carrying a prominent former militant in Tral, Kashmir, killing him and 10 others.

8 October India

According to police officials, Muslim militants threw a grenade at a police post in Srinagar, Kashmir, injuring five civilians, four police officers and four soldiers.

India

Police reported that Muslim militants detonated a bomb near the state secretariat building in Srinagar, Kashmir, injuring 13 persons and causing minor damage.

9 October Pakistan

Police reported that unidentified assailants opened fire on the Iranian Cultural Center in Multan, killing one Pakistani security guard and wounding another.

12 October Colombia

People’s Liberation Army (EPL) rebels kidnapped 20 persons, including four foreigners at a road block on the Northeastern Highway. The rebels burned three cars and released two hostages to report the situation to the media.

18 October Colombia

A bomb exploded on the Ocensa pipeline in Antioquia Department, killing approximately 71 persons and injuring at least 100 others.The explosion caused major damage when the spilled oil caught fire and burned nearby houses in the town of Machuca. The pipeline is jointly owned by the Colombia State Oil Company Ecopetrol and a consortium including US, French, British, and Canadian companies. On 19 October the ELN claimed responsibility.

26 October Colombia

Guerrillas abducted a Danish engineer and two Colombians at a roadblock in San Juan. Local authorities suspect the FARC or ELN is responsible. (On 21 January 1999 in Carmen de Bolivar EPL rebels freed the Danish hostage. There have been no reports on the two Colombians.)

28 October Yemen

Armed tribesmen in the Mahfad region kidnapped two Belgian citizens, demanding the release of a tribesman sentenced to death by a Yemeni court. On 29 October tribesmen released the hostages.

8 November Angola

In Lunde Norte Province at least 50 armed assailants attacked a Canadian-owned diamond mine, killing one Portuguese national, two Britons, three Angolans, and wounding 18 others. The assailants also took four workers hostage, including one South African, one Briton, and two Filipinos. Angolan officials blame the attack on UNITA. The secretary general of UNITA claimed responsibility for the attack but denied taking hostages.

14 November India

In Budgam, near Srinagar, Kashmir, a police spokesman reported that militants threw a grenade near a telephone booth, seriously injuring one person.

India

Police reported an explosion at a taxi stand near Srinagar that injured four persons and damaged four vehicles.

15 November Colombia

Armed assailants followed a US businessman and his family home in Cundinamarca Department and kidnapped his 11-year-old son after stealing money, jewelry, one automobile, and two cell phones. The kidnappers demanded $1 million in ransom. On 21 January 1999 the US Embassy reported that the kidnappers released the boy to his mother and uncle in Tolima Department. It is not known if any ransom was paid.The kidnappers claim to be members of the Leftist Revolutionary Armed Commandos for Peace in Colombia.

Sierra Leone

Sierra Leone authorities report that rebels led by Sierra Leone’s ousted junta leader, Solomon Musa, kidnapped an Italian Catholic missionary from his residence. Musa leads a faction of the Armed Forces Revolutionary Council. Musa demanded a satellite telephone, medical supplies, and radio contact with his wife for release of the priest. His wife, Tina Musa, was arrested in September and is being detained in Freetown.

17 November Greece

According to press reports, a bomb exploded outside a Citibank branch in Athens, causing major damage. An unidentified telephone caller to a local newspaper claimed the attack was to protest against arrests made during a student march.

India

A bomb exploded near the Madana bridge in Surankot, Kashmir, killing four persons and injuring several others, according to press reporting. Muslim militants are suspected.

India

Press reported a bomb detonated near a crowded bus stand in Anantnag, killing three persons and wounding 38 others.

India

Police reported Muslim militants detonated a grenade in Anantnag, killing three persons and injuring 35 others.

24 November Yemen

A car bomb exploded near the German Embassy in Sanaa, killing two persons and injuring several others, according to reports from German and Yemeni officials.The German Embassy confirmed that no Germans were killed or injured.

25 November India

In Handwara, Kashmir, police reported that Muslim militants threw a grenade at a wedding party, injuring 11 persons.

27 November Uganda

Ugandan officials state that 30 Lord’s Resistance Army rebels attacked a World Food Program (WFP) convoy, killing seven persons and wounding 28 others. An eyewitness reported the rebels also abducted five persons believed to be WFP officials, and one other person.

3 December Colombia

Guerrillas kidnapped one German citizen and two Colombians from a bus at a false roadblock in Cauca Department. The guerrillas set the bus on fire and dynamited a tollbooth after stealing the money. Authorities suspect the FARC or ELN is responsible. On 8 January the ELN released the German citizen unharmed.

6 December Yemen

Local press reported that armed tribals kidnapped four German tourists in Sanaa, demanding $500,000 ransom and improvements to local health and educational facilities. On 30 December the guerrillas released the hostages.

7 December Italy

During the week of 7 December the ALF sent panettone cakes laced with rat poison to two branches of the Italian news agency ANSA.Two Italian subsidiaries of Swiss Nestle were forced to halt production, costing the company $30 million. According to Italy’s ALF founder, the poisoned cakes were sent to protest Nestle’s genetic manipulation of food.

8 December Colombia

A Spanish newspaper reported that FARC guerrillas kidnapped one Spanish citizen and three Colombians. No ransom demands have been made.

9 December India

A bomb exploded in a shop in the Punch District of Kashmir, wounding the shopkeeper. Police suspect Muslim militants are responsible.

India

In Bandipura, Kashmir, local press reported that Muslim militants threw a grenade at a group near a bus station, killing three persons and injuring 20 others.

Yemen

In Sanaa,Yemeni passengers on a chartered Egyptian airliner demanded to be flown to Libya. The Egyptian pilot landed the plane in Tunisia and told the 150 passengers he could not fly the plane to Libya due to the UN sanctions.The plane and passengers remained on the ground for 15 hours before returning to Yemen.

23 December India

Muslim militants forced their way into three homes in three separate villages in Kulham District, Kashmir, killing nine persons, according to police reports. The victims were all close relatives of former militants who now support the pro-Indian government militia. Kashmir authorities blame the attacks on the Hizbul Mujahidin.

26 December Angola

United Nations officials report that a transport plane carrying 10 UN officials and four crew members was shot down over an area of intense fighting between UNITA rebels and government troops. National Radio Services state that UNITA shot down the plane. A UN rescue team arrived at the crash site on 8 January 1999, reporting that no one survived the crash and that the bodies of all 14 persons aboard the plane were accounted for.

28 December Yemen

Armed militants kidnapped a group of tourists traveling on the main road from Habban to Aden. The victims included two US citizens, twelve Britons, and two Australians. On 29 December Yemeni security forces undertook a rescue attempt, during which three Britons and one Australian were killed, and one US citizen was injured seriously.Yemeni officials reported that the kidnappers belong to the Islamic Jihad, but the investigation is ongoing.

1999

2 January Angola

A United Nations (UN) plane carrying one US citizen, four Angolans, two Philippine nationals and one Namibian was shot down, according to a UN official. No deaths or injuries were reported. Angolan authorities blamed the attack on National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) rebels. UNITA officials deny shooting down the plane.

4 January India

Unidentified Muslim militants fired four rockets at a police complex in Pattan, Kashmir, killing one officer and his wife and seriously injuring their five-year-old child, according to police reports.

6 January Angola

Thirty armed UNITA rebels ambushed a vehicle, killing one Briton, one Brazilian, and two Angolan security guards, according to reports from the Australian-owned Cuango mine.

Sierra Leone

The Italian Embassy reported Armed Forces Revolutionary Council rebels kidnapped two Italian missionaries. The missionaries were rescued on 13 January by governmentsponsored forces.

8 January South Africa

Five unidentified youths firebombed a Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) restaurant in CapeTown, causing major damage but no injuries, according to a KFC representative. No one claimed responsibility.

9 January Yemen

Unidentified assailants abducted a British oil worker from an oilfield operated by a US company, according to press reports. On 13 January the kidnappers released the hostage unharmed.

11 January Colombia

In Chinacota two vacationing Italian citizens and one Colombian were kidnapped at a false roadblock, according to local media reports. On 9 March in Norte de Santander, the National Liberation Army (ELN) released one of the Italian hostages.

12 January Pakistan

Unidentified assailants entered the Peshawar home of Abdul Haq, a well-known Afghan moderate, and murdered his wife, 11-year-old son, and a guard. Police reported that Haq was not at home and the victims were sleeping when the attack occurred. No one claimed responsibility.

Sierra Leone

Revolutionary United Front (RUF) rebels kidnapped a Spanish missionary, according to reports from the Xaverian Monastic Order. On 22 January church officials reported soldiers from the Economic Community of West African States Cease-Fire Monitoring Group (ECOMOG) rescued the missionary.

17 January Yemen

Armed tribesmen kidnapped two Dutch aid workers, their two sons, and two British aid workers. The kidnappers demanded the release of an imprisoned tribesman, according to news reports. On 2 February the six hostages were released unharmed.

Yemen

Armed tribesmen attempted to kidnap two US Embassy employees as they drove to work.The victims drove around their attackers and escaped, according to the Embassy.

18 January Bangladesh

Two assailants attempted to assassinate celebrated Bangladeshi poet Samsur Rahman, according to local police. Rahman, who has been outspoken against Islamic extremism, escaped unharmed, but his wife suffered knife wounds. Police arrested one Pakistani and one South African, who told investigators that they received financial support from Usama Bin Ladin for training and recruiting mujahidin in Bangladesh. Police suspect the Harakat ul-Jihad Islami (HUJI) is responsible and arrested at least 47 members of the HUJI and Harakat ul-Mujahidin (HUM).

25 January Sierra Leone

Military sources reported RUF rebels robbed and kidnapped a Japanese businessman. On 29 January the RUF released the hostage.

26 January Venezuela

In the Alto Apure region, the ELN kidnapped five Venezuelan engineers working for the Venezuelan Petroleum Company. The ELN released one hostage on 15 February and the four others two days later.

27 January Yemen

Tribesmen kidnapped three German nationals and five Yemenis, according to press reports. Kidnapped were a German midwife, her Yemeni husband and three children, her visiting mother and brother, and their driver. On 28 January the kidnappers released the five Yemeni citizens. No demands were made for the release of the German hostages. The German foreign minister urged Yemeni officials to avoid any rescue attempts that would endanger the hostages.

31 January Yemen

Tribesmen abducted a British oil worker employed by the USowned Hunt Oil, releasing him six hours later, according to news reports.

8 February Greece

A bomb exploded near the Turkish Consulate in Komotini, wounding a member of the bomb squad and causing minor damage.The US Embassy reported that a telephone caller to local authorities warned of and later claimed responsibility for the bomb on behalf of a group called the Support to Ocalan—The Hawks of Thrace.

9 February India

Police reported that suspected Muslim militants threw a grenade at a security patrol in Pulwama Chowk, injuring 12 civilians and two security personnel.

Nigeria Officials for an unidentified oil company reported that unknown assailants kidnapped two employees, one British and one Italian. The Italian citizen was released shortly after being abducted. No demands were made, and no group claimed responsibility.

10 February Angola

Church officials reported UNITA rebels kidnapped two Portuguese nationals and two Spaniards who work for Navacong, a company tasked with renovating M’Banza Congo’s public infrastructure. The rebels kidnapped the victims from a church where they had sought shelter.

11 February Angola

A representative of SDM/Ashton mining company reported UNITA rebels attacked the scout vehicle for a convoy of diamond mine vehicles, killing three Angolan security guards and wounding five others. Angolan and Australian mining companies jointly own SDM/Aston mining.

12 February Sierra Leone

The Rome-based news agency, MISNA, reported the RUF kidnapped an Italian missionary from a church. No demands were made. The rebels released the hostage unharmed on 8 April.

13 February India

According to authorities, suspected Lashkar-I-Tayyiba militants attacked a village, killing a family of four and injuring one other person.The victims were relatives of a member of the local village defense committee.

14 February Nigeria

Officials for Shell oil company reported three armed youths kidnapped one British employee and his young son.The captors released their victims unharmed on 15 February. No ransom was paid, and no one claimed responsibility.

Uganda

Police reported a pipe bomb exploded inside a bar, killing five persons and injuring 35 others. One Ethiopian and four Ugandan nationals died in the blast, and one US citizen working for USAID, two Swiss nationals, one Pakistani, one Ethiopian, and 27 Ugandans were injured. Eyewitnesses stated two unidentified Asians and one Ugandan police officer also were wounded.The explosion caused extensive damage to the bar. Ugandan authorities blamed the attack on the Allied Democratic Forces (ADF).

15 February India Police reported that Muslim militants shot and critically injured the owner of a video shop in Srinagar, Kashmir.

India

In an attempt to ban Western broadcasts, Muslim militants shot and wounded three cable television operators in Srinagar, Kashmir, according to police.The operators were shot in the legs and ordered to broadcast only news and current affairs.

India

A bomb exploded in a crowded marketplace in Srinagar, Kashmir, injuring six persons. Police suspect Muslim militants were responsible.

16 February Austria

Kurdish protesters stormed and occupied the Greek Embassy in Vienna, taking the Greek Ambassador and six other persons hostage. Several hours later the protesters released the hostages and left the Embassy. The attack followed the Turkish Government’s announcement of the successful capture of the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) leader Abdullah Ocalan.

France

Sixteen Kurdish protesters occupied the Kenyan Embassy in Paris and took seven Kenyan officials hostage. According to press reports, local police were able to end the occupation and gain the hostages’ release without injuries.

Germany

Kurdish protesters occupied the Kenyan Embassy in Bonn and held one person hostage for 12 hours before surrendering to police, according to press reports.

Germany

Approximately 40 Kurdish protesters stormed the Kenyan National Tourist office in Frankfurt and took four employees hostage. The protesters released the hostages several hours after being assured no arrests would be made.

Germany

Approximately 75 Kurdish protesters occupied a travel agency located in a building housing the Greek Consulate in Leipzig. Three travel agents were held hostage until authorities stormed the premises and freed them, according to press reports.

Germany

According to press reports, Kurdish protesters occupied the Greek Embassy in Bonn and held one person hostage for 12 hours before surrendering to police.

Italy

Approximately 30 Kurdish protesters occupied the Greek Consulate in Milan and held six persons hostage for four hours before surrendering, according to press reports.

Netherlands

Approximately 150 Kurdish protesters stormed the Greek Ambassador’s residence in The Hague, taking the Ambassador’s wife, their eight-year-old son, and a Filipino servant hostage. The protesters released the hostages early the next day and were arrested.

Switzerland

According to media reports, Kurdish protesters stormed the Greek Consulate in Zurich, taking the building’s owner and a Swiss police officer hostage. On 17 February, US Embassy officials reported the release of both hostages unharmed.

United Kingdom

Approximately 100 Kurdish protesters stormed and occupied the Greek Embassy in London, taking one night watchman hostage. On 18 February the protesters left the Greek Embassy and surrendered to British authorities.

17 February Germany

Approximately 200 Kurdish protesters armed with clubs broke into the Israeli Consulate in Berlin and briefly took one Consulate worker hostage. Israeli guards shot and killed three protesters and wounded 15 others during the attack.

18 February Colombia

Local press reported the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) kidnapped two Spaniards, one Algerian, and two Colombians. On 2 November, FARC rebels released the Spaniards and the Algerian unharmed.

Sudan

Sudanese officials reported the Sudan People’s Liberation Front (SPLA) kidnapped seven International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) workers.Two hostages were Swiss citizens and five were Sudanese nationals. On 12 March the rebels released the two Swiss nationals. The SPLA executed the five Sudanese hostages on 1 April.

20 February India

Indian press reported that Muslim militants massacred 20 persons in two districts in Jammu. A military spokesman said the Lashkar-I-Tayyiba is suspected.

21 February Colombia

The FARC kidnapped two Spanish citizens and seven Colombians, according to a Colombian antikidnapping unit. The rebels released one Spanish hostage and two Colombians and demanded 300 million pesetas for the release of the second Spanish hostage.The rebels released the Spanish hostage on 28 February. No ransom was paid.

22 February India

Police reported that suspected Muslim militants shot and killed a politician from the National Conference party in Kashmir.

India

Suspected Muslim militants killed two persons and wounded two others in Jigrayi, Kashmir, according to police reports.

India

In Udhampur District, Kashmir, police reported that suspected Lashkar-I-Tayyiba militants killed three persons and shot one other.

24 February Nigeria

The US Embassy reported armed youths kidnapped a US citizen, holding him for ransom. A local militant group rescued the hostage but then demanded ransom for his release. Bristow Helicopters, the victim’s employer, paid the demanded $53,000. The group released the hostage unharmed on 4 March.

25 February Colombia

The FARC kidnapped three US citizens, according to media reports. The victims worked for the Hawaii-based Pacific Cultural Conservancy International. On 4 March the bodies of the three victims were found in Venezuela. FARC leaders claimed rogue elements within the organization were responsible.

26 February Colombia

Police reported an unidentified assailant detonated a powerful explosive device at the headquarters of the Colombian Daily Company, a subsidiary of Swiss-owned Nestle Multinational. The explosion caused major damage but no injuries.

India

Official sources reported that unidentified militants abducted and killed five police officers near Hindwara, Kashmir.

28 February Zambia

The US Embassy reported 16 bombs exploded in and around Lusaka. An explosion inside the Angolan Embassy killed one person and caused major damage. Other bombs detonated near major water pipes and powerlines and in parks and residential districts, injuring two persons and causing major damage. Bomb experts detonated five more bombs and defused two others. No one claimed responsibility. Zambian officials blame agents of neighboring Angola.

March Zambia

The ICRC reported a French citizen died of natural causes while a captive of the ELN. The ELN had kidnapped the French national on 23 November 1998.

1 March Uganda

According to French diplomatic reports, 150 armed Hutu rebels attacked three tourist camps, killed four Ugandans, and abducted three US citizens, six Britons, three New Zealanders, two Danish citizens, one Australian, and one Canadian national. On 2 March, US Embassy officials reported the Hutu rebels killed two US citizens, four Britons, and two New Zealanders.The rebels released the remaining hostages.

2 March Nigeria

The US Embassy reported at least 20 armed assailants attacked a compound housing a large Italian construction company and its workers, injuring six persons. No group claimed responsibility.

7 March Colombia

Local press reported suspected guerrillas from the ELN or the FARC kidnapped an Argentine citizen from a false checkpoint. No demands were made.

Colombia

Local press reported the ELN or the FARC kidnapped one Swiss citizen and seven Colombians from a false checkpoint. No one claimed responsibility.

9 March Nigeria

The US Embassy reported unidentified assailants kidnapped a US citizen from his office. No demands were made, and no one claimed responsibility.

Venezuela

Local press reported suspected ELN or FARC guerrillas attacked a Venezuelan patrol unit, injuring one civilian and kidnapping three others.

10 March Angola

Government officials reported an unidentified group kidnapped five oil workers—two French citizens, two Portuguese nationals, and one Angolan. According to local press, all hostages were released unharmed on 7 July. Members of the Front for the Liberation of Cabinda (FLEC) may be responsible.

11 March India

Unidentified militants shot and killed a man and his two daughters and wounded his wife and three other relatives in Srinagar, Kashmir, according to Indian officials.

23 March Colombia

The US Embassy reported armed guerrillas kidnapped a US citizen in Boyaca. The ELN claimed responsibility and demanded $400,000 ransom. On 20 July, ELN rebels released the hostage unharmed following a ransom payment of $48,000.

Colombia

Government officials in Antioquia reported the FARC kidnapped two engineers—one German and one Swiss—from the El Cairo Cement Works. No demands were made.

25 March Macedonia

In Skopje approximately 200 protesters occupied the US Embassy compound, according to military reporting.The protesters, armed with rocks and Molotov cocktails, set fire to several diplomatic vehicles, causing major damage to the exterior of the Embassy.The protesters did not gain entry into the Embassy, and police eventually dispersed them.

26 March Greece

The US Embassy reported approximately 500 Greek and Serbian protesters broke down the gate at the British Embassy in Athens and entered the British Ambassador’s residence, injuring three local guards and causing major damage.

Serbia

Serbian demonstrators burned down the United States Information Service (USIS) American center.

27 March Pakistan

In Peshawar the US Embassy reported unidentified assailants assassinated Mohammed Jehanzeb, an Afghan national and secretary to Taliban opponent Haji Qadir. Qadir was the brother of Afghan moderate Abdul Haq, whose wife and son were murdered in Peshawar on 12 January.

Uganda

In Kisoro suspected Rwandan rebels armed with machetes attacked a village, killing three persons. According to military reporting, the attackers crossed into Uganda from the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

28 March India

Police reported suspected Muslim militants threw a grenade into a crowd in Anantnag, injuring at least 28 people

1 April India

Suspected Muslim militants shot and killed three family members in their home in Kashmir, according to police reports.

2 April India

In Poonch District, Kashmir, police reported suspected Muslim militants shot and killed five family members.

3 April Bosnia-Herzegovina

According to press accounts, unidentified assailants opened fire on a Stabilization Force (SFOR) vehicle carrying two Bosnian employees, injuring one. No one claimed responsibility, but authorities believe SFOR was the target.

Ethiopia

Government officials in Addis Ababa reported an unidentified armed group kidnapped a French aid worker, two Ethiopian staff workers, and four Somalis. On 4 May the Ogaden National Liberation Front released the French diplomat.

9 April Colombia

The ELN abducted two Swiss nationals, one Israeli, and one Briton in Cauca Department,

12 April Colombia

Police in Bucaramanga reported the ELN hijacked Avianca Airlines flight 9463 carrying one US citizen, one Italian, one Ecuadorian, and several Colombians. On 13 April six hostages were released, three more on 16 April, and seven more on 7 May.The ELN released eight additional hostages on 18 June, seven on 5 September, and the US citizen on 2 October.

Venezuela

The FARC kidnapped a rancher in Cunaviche,Apue State, according to press accounts.The victim reported that the FARC released him in Caracolito, Norte De Santander Department, on 18 April.

14 April Angola

Unidentified assailants attacked a Save the Children vehicle in Salina, killing six Angolans, according to US Embassy reporting. UNITA is suspected.

15 April Greece

Two explosive devices detonated at the Detroit Motors car dealership in Athens, causing no injuries but extensive damage. A group calling itself the Enraged Anarchists claimed responsibility.

20 April Colombia

On the Pamplona-Bucaramanga road, FARC guerrillas stopped four vehicles at a fake roadblock, kidnapping four prison guards and two truck drivers.The FARC guerrillas also stole three tractor-trailers transporting 27 vehicles from Venezuela and a cargo truck.The rebels later released the two drivers.

India

In Rajauri, Kashmir, a bomb exploded in a goldsmith shop, killing five persons, injuring 47 others, and causing major damage, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility, but police suspect Muslim militants.

21 April Liberia

Government officials reported unidentified assailants from Guinea crossed the border and attacked the town of Voinjama, kidnapping the visiting Dutch Ambassador, the First Secretary of Norway, a European Union representative, and 17 aid workers. The hostages were released later that day. Eyewitnesses stated the assailants were members of the militia groups ULIMO-K and ULIMO-J.

27 April Greece

A bomb exploded at the Intercontinental Hotel, killing one person and injuring one other, according to press reports.

30 April India

In Kupwara District in Kashmir, Muslim militants stormed the home of a police informant, killing him and eight other persons and wounding three others, according to press accounts.

11 May India

Suspected Muslim militants killed four members of one family in Kupwara District, Kashmir, according to police reports.

13 May Angola

UNITA fired surface-to-air missiles to bring down a privately owned plane, abducting the three Russian crewmembers and three Angolan passengers, according to the US Embassy.

Colombia

Four unidentified assailants kidnapped a US helicopter technician in Yopal, according to press accounts. Police suspect the FARC or ELN.

15 May Russia

The ICRC reported unidentified gunmen abducted two employees—one New Zealander and one Russian.The Russian was released the same day. No one claimed responsibility, and no demands were made. The New Zealander was released on 19 July.

19 May India

The press reported an explosion on a bus in Jammu killed one person, injured eight others, and destroyed six buses, two tankers, and a gas pump. Kashmiri militants are suspected.

30 May Colombia

In Cali local press reported heavily armed ELN militants attacked a church in the neighborhood of Ciudad Jardin, kidnapping 160 persons, including six US citizens and one French national. The rebels released approximately 80 persons, including three US citizens, later that day. On 3 June the ELN released an additional five hostages. On 15 June the rebels released 33 hostages including two US citizens, according to US Embassy reporting. On 10 December local press reported the rebels released the remaining hostages unharmed.

6 June Colombia

The US Embassy reported ELN militants kidnapped nine persons, including one US citizen, near Barranquilla. On 24 September, ELN militants released the US citizen.

7 June Spain

Authorities safely defused a letter bomb sent to an Italian diplomat in Burgos.The Italian Red Brigades were suspected.

Spain

Authorities safely defused a letter bomb sent to the Italian Consulate in Barcelona. Authorities suspect the Italian Red Brigades.

8 June Spain

Authorities safely defused a letter bomb sent to the Italian Consulate in Zaragoza. Authorities suspect the Italian Red Brigades.

9 June Iraq

In Baghdad, according to press reports, a car bomb exploded next to a bus carrying members of the Iranian opposition movement Mujahedin-e-Khalq Organization (MEK), killing seven members and injuring 23 others, including 15 Iraqi civilians. MEK officials suspect the Iranian Government is responsible.

12 June Philippines

According to press reports, in Zamboanga armed militants kidnapped two Belgium nationals. The Abu Sayyaf Group and the separatist Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) were suspected. One Belgian was released on 18 June and the other on 23 June.

13 June Serbia

Suspected Serbian gunmen shot and killed two German journalists, according to military reporting. No one claimed responsibility.

15 June Iran

According to Iranian Government authorities, three armed assailants kidnapped three Italian steel experts in Bam. On 20 June the hostages were released unharmed.

16 June United Kingdom

In Whitely Bay, Tyneside, an unidentified assailant shot and wounded a former Special Branch Agent. Authorities suspect the Irish Republican Army’s Belfast Brigade was responsible.

22 June India

The United Liberation Front of Assam, with the backing of Pakistan’s Inter-Service Intelligence, claimed responsibility for the bombing at the Julpaiguri railroad station that killed 10 persons and injured 80 others, according to senior government officials.

27 June Nigeria

In Port Harcourt, a Royal Dutch Shell official reported five heavily armed youths stormed a Shell oil platform, kidnapping one US citizen, one Nigerian national, and one Australian citizen, and causing undetermined damage. The assailants hijacked a helicopter and forced the hostages to fly them to a village near Warri. On 16 July an Australian Government official reported the youths released the hostages unharmed for an undisclosed ransom. A group calling itself “Enough is Enough in the Niger River” claimed responsibility.

29 June Indonesia

Armed militants attacked a United Nations Mission in an East Timor outpost, injuring 12 persons, according to press reports.

Nigeria

According to US Embassy officials, armed militants kidnapped two Indian nationals as they drove through the city of Lagos. On 14 July the militants released the hostages unharmed.

Colombia

Near Medellin, US Embassy officials reported six armed FARC rebels kidnapped a US citizen from his home in Antioquia Department. The rebels demanded $60,000. On 26 July, FARC rebels released the hostage unharmed, but no ransom was paid.

30 June Angola

Local press reported UNITA rebels shot down an Angolanowned plane with five Russian crewmen aboard near Capenda-Camulemba. One crewmember died when the plane crashed in UNITA-held territory. A UNITA official confirmed they captured the four crewmen. No demands were made for the hostages’ release.

Burundi

World Food Program (WFP) officials reported suspected Hutu rebels fired on a WFP vehicle near Bujumbura, injuring one person.

1 July Nigeria Near Aleibiri, US Embassy officials reported armed Oboro youths kidnapped one US citizen, one British national, and one Nigerian citizen. The assailants demanded a ransom of $80,000 for the release of the hostages. On 12 July the youths released the hostages unharmed. No ransom was paid.

4 July Indonesia

Armed militants ambushed a United Nations convoy kidnapping an Australian and 15 others. A driver and two other persons were wounded. The militants are believed to be members of the Besi Merah Putih Militia group.

6 July Angola

Local press reported UNITA rebels ambushed a German humanitarian convoy, killing 15 persons, injuring 25 others, and causing major damage. The convoy was transporting goods for Catholic Relief Service.

9 July Georgia

A bomb exploded outside the United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia in Sukhumi, causing minor damage. According to military reporting, authorities discovered and safely defused a second bomb near the blast site. No one claimed responsibility.

16 July Yemen

Tribesmen in Omran kidnapped four Belgian tourists, according to local officials. On 18 July the four hostages were released unharmed. No one claimed responsibility.

20 July Nigeria

A Royal Dutch Shell representative reported armed youths stormed an oil rig in Osoko, detaining seven British nationals and 57 Nigerian citizens. No one was injured. On 22 July the youths released the hostages unharmed.

21 July Angola

According to Angolan military sources, UNITA militants fired mortars and long-range artillery at World Food Program and International Committee for the Red Cross aircraft parked at the Huambo airport. No one was injured, and no damage occurred.

23 July Germany

According to police officials, an unidentified assailant threw a bomb into a Turkish travel agency in Munich, injuring two persons and causing minor damage. Authorities suspect the attack was connected to the conviction of PKK leader Abdullah Ocalan.

27 July Pakistan

According to police reports, a bomb exploded on a passenger bus, killing eight persons and wounding 40 others. No one claimed responsibility.

28 July Yemen

In Shabwa Province, armed tribesmen kidnapped a Canadian citizen working on the US-owned Hunt Oil pipeline, according to authorities.Tribesmen released the hostage unharmed the following day.

30 July Venezuela

US Embassy officials reported suspected FARC rebels hijacked a domestic Avior Express flight out of Barinas. No one was injured in the attack. On 10 August local press reported FARC rebels released the hostages unharmed near the Colombian-Venezuelan border. No ransom was paid. FARC officials denied hijacking the plane.

4 August Sierra Leone

UN officials reported an Armed Forces Revolutionary Council (AFRC) faction kidnapped 33 UN representatives near Occra Hills. The hostages included one US citizen, five British soldiers, one Canadian citizen, one representative from Ghana, one military officer from Russia, one officer from Kyrgystan, one officer from Zambia, one officer from Malaysia, a local bishop, two UNICEF officials, two local journalists, and 16 Sierra Leonean nationals. No one was injured in the attack.The rebels demanded the release of imprisoned leader John Paul Karoma. On 5 August the rebels released one US citizen and one local journalist. On 10 August the rebels released all remaining hostages.

6 August Kyrgyzstan

In the Batken district, according to local press, unidentified Tajikistani rebels kidnapped four Kyrgyzstani Government officials. On 13 August the rebels released the hostages unharmed for an unspecified amount of ransom.

10 August Nigeria

In the Niger-Delta Region, local press reported armed youths kidnapped three British nationals from a US-operated oil platform. No one was injured, and no one claimed responsibility. On 11 August the youths released the hostages unharmed. No ransom was paid.

In a different incident, a spokesperson for the Britishowned Niger-Benue Transport Company reported unidentified youths kidnapped two British citizens in the Niger-Delta Region. No one claimed responsibility, and no demands were made.The hostages were released on 11 August.

11 August Liberia

In Kolahun the British Foreign Office reported an armed gang kidnapped four British nationals, one Norwegian citizen, and one Italian national. The victims worked for an unidentified humanitarian aid service. On 13 August a British official reported the rebels released all the hostages unharmed. No one claimed responsibility.

14 August Pakistan

According to police reports, a bomb exploded in a van in Dina, killing six persons and injuring 14 others.

15 August Iran

In Kerman, according to press reports, armed militants kidnapped four tourists, three Spanish and one Italian. On 31 August the militants released the hostages unharmed. No one claimed responsibility.

16 August Russia

In Dagestan local police reported unidentified assailants kidnapped two Polish citizens and two Russian nationals. The kidnappers demanded $50,000 ransom. On 7 January 2000 the Chechen Parliament reported the hostages were released unharmed in December.

21 August Ethiopia

Near Dire Dawa, US Embassy officials reported suspected al-Ittihad al-Islami operatives detonated a mine beneath a train carrying 400 Djiboutian nationals. The explosion severely wounded two Ethiopian conductors, destroyed one locomotive, and caused extensive damage to the railway line, shutting it down for four days. No one claimed responsibility.

22 August Kyrgyzstan

In Bishkek, government officials reported unidentified Uzbekistani gunmen kidnapped four Japanese geologists, their interpreter, and eight Kyrgyzstani soldiers. On 13 October four Kyrgyzstani soldiers were released unharmed. On 18 October another two Kyrgyzstani hostages were freed. On 25 October the remaining hostages were released unharmed. No ransom was paid.

Yemen

In Marib Governorate, according to police reports, armed tribesmen kidnapped a French diplomat and his wife when the driver of their vehicle stopped for late afternoon prayers. On 2 September the hostages were released unharmed. No one claimed responsibility.

23 August Venezuela

Colombian Embassy officials reported a small bomb exploded outside the Colombian Consulate in Caracas, causing minor damage but no injuries. Security officials defused a second explosive device at the Consulate.Venezuelan police located and safely defused a bomb found on the first floor of Credival Tower, the building housing the Colombian Embassy. The Tupamaro Revolutionary Movement claimed responsibility.

27 August Russia

In Volograd unidentified assailants kidnapped the General Director of the Coca-Cola Volograd Company and demanded a $50,000 ransom, according to police officials. The hostage, a Filipino citizen, escaped later the same day. No one claimed responsibility.

28 August Columbia

According to police officials, near Yopal City, police suspected FARC or ELN militants abducted a Scottish oil engineer working for the US-UK owned British Petroleum-Amoco Corporation. No one claimed responsibility, and no demands were made.

30 August India

Muslim separatists opened fire on a taxi, killing four police officers and their driver in Hanjiweera, according to police authorities.

31 August Colombia

Local press reported armed FARC militants stormed the Anchicaya hydroelectric plant near Buenaventura, detaining 168 persons. No one was injured.The rebels released several hostages unharmed later that day. The FARC released 58 hostages on 4 September and all remaining hostages unharmed on 5 September.The Pacific Energy Enterprise power plant is operated jointly by US, Colombian, and Venezuelan companies.

6 September Yemen

Armed tribesmen kidnapped three Sudanese teachers in the Marib region, according to press reports. On 17 September the tribesmen released the teachers unharmed.

8 September India

On the Surankote-Poonch Road a bomb exploded in front of a motorcade carrying the Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir, causing no injuries or damage. According to military reporting Muslim militants were suspected.

India

A bomb exploded at a polling booth in Thanamandi, Kashmir, causing major damage but no injuries. Military officials suspect Muslim separatists.

Nigeria

In Bayelsa State, according to local press, gunmen kidnapped an Indian citizen. On 15 September the gunmen released the hostage unharmed. No one claimed responsibility, no demands were made, and no ransom was paid. Ijaw youths were suspected.

9 September India

A Kashmiri militant threw a handgrenade into a jeep, injuring two police officers and eight other individuals in Doda, according to military reporting.

11 September Ecuador

Police officials reported 25 to 30 FARC rebels kidnapped 12 Westerners. Eight hostages, one US citizen and seven Canadian nationals, worked for a US-based oil pipeline company. The other hostages, three Spanish nationals and one Belgian citizen, were tourists. Ecuadorian police rescued one Canadian hostage later that day. No demands were made. FARC officials denied participating in the kidnapping.

13 September India

Near Tangmarg, Muslim insurgents ambushed a convoy carrying a government minister, injuring a bodyguard and three civilians, according to military reporting. The Hizbul Mujahedin group claimed responsibility.

17 September India

According to press reports, an unidentified militant threw a handgrenade at an army patrol near a bus station in Shopian, injuring two soldiers and 24 other persons. Muslim militants were suspected.

India

Local authorities reported that Muslim militants shot and killed a politician in Baramulla.

20 September India

Unidentified militants shot and killed a National Conference party member in his home, according to press reports. Muslim militants were suspected.

29 September India

According to press reports, unidentified militants threw grenades at a government building in Srinagar, killing one police officer and causing undetermined damage. The Harakat ul-Mujahidin (HUM) claimed responsibility.

Nicaragua

US Embassy officials reported rebels belonging to the Andres Castro United Front (FUAC) kidnapped one Canadian citizen and one Nicaraguan military officer in Bonanza Municipality. The rebels demanded $1 million and a renegotiation of agreements made between the FUAC and the Nicaraguan Government in 1997.

1 October India

Suspected Muslim militants shot and killed a local politician at his residence, according to press sources.

Thailand

Five armed Burmese dissidents stormed the Burmese Embassy in Bangkok, taking 89 persons hostage. The hostages included three French nationals, three Canadians, one German, one US citizen, and several citizens from Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand. The group, calling itself the Vigorous Burmese Student Warriors, demanded the release of all political prisoners held in Burma. On 2 October the hostages were released unharmed, and the militants were flown to the Burmese border.

4 October India

Local police reported a landmine exploded near a polling station in Pampore, killing one election officer, wounding one other, and injuring three police officers. Authorities suspect Muslim militants.

8 October Nigeria

The US Embassy reported armed youths attacked a US oilcompany compound housing employees from the United States, United Kingdom, and Nigeria. The attackers injured four US citizens and four Nigerian nationals and caused massive damage to the compound.The youths demanded the oil facility replace its existing Nigerian staff with local workers. On 11 October government officials reported the attackers left the compound without further incident.

12 October Burundi

US Embassy officials reported suspected Rwandan Hutu rebels attacked humanitarian aid workers in Rutana. One Chilean UNICEF official, one Dutch World Food Program employee, four local military officers, and six Burundi nationals died in the attack. One Belgian and one Burundi national working for the UN and four Burundi citizens were wounded. No one claimed responsibility.

13 October Georgia

In Sukhumi unidentified masked gunmen kidnapped six UN military observers—from Germany, the Czech Republic, Greece, Switzerland, Sweden, and Uruguay. A Georgian interpreter also was kidnapped. The abductors demanded a $250,000 ransom. Four hostages were released unharmed on 14 October, and the remaining three hostages were freed the next day.

15 October Sierra Leone

In Masombo the Missionary News Agency reported unidentified persons kidnapped three clergymen—two Italian and one Sierra Leonian. No one claimed responsibility, and no demands were made. AFRC rebels are suspected.

21 October India

Kashmiri militants kidnapped and beheaded a father and daughter suspected of spying for the Indian Army in Kupwara, according to government officials.

26 October Yemen

Unidentified armed tribesmen kidnapped three US citizens. The tribesmen demanded the government release five fellow tribesmen, according to press reports. The hostages were released unharmed on 28 October.

28 October India

Local police reported Muslim militants fired six grenades at the secretariat building, killing one person and injuring 11 others.

30 October Nigeria

Local press reported armed youths seized a helicopter near Warri, kidnapping three British citizens. The kidnappers forced the hostages, pilots for the petroleum company Royal Dutch Shell, to fly to an undisclosed location. No demands were made, but negotiations for release of the hostages were initiated.

1 November Nigeria

US Embassy officials reported armed youths seized a US vessel near Bonny Island, kidnapping one US citizen, one Polish national, and 12 Nigerian locals. No one was injured in the attack, and the ship sustained minimal damage. The attackers released all the hostages unharmed on 3 November. No one claimed responsibility.

3 November Panama

Police officials reported suspected FARC rebels hijacked two Panamanian helicopters carrying four Colombian nationals, two Ecuadorian citizens, and two Panamanian pilots near Colon. No one was injured in the attack. The guerrillas released all the hostages unharmed later that day but retained the helicopters.

8 November Nigeria

The US Embassy reported that 14 youths armed with machetes boarded a Belize-owned vessel near Escravos, in Delta State, and kidnapped one US citizen and one Nigerian national. The youths released the hostages unharmed on 12 November. No ransom was paid.

10 November Colombia

A representative for the International Committee for the Red Cross (ICRC) reported FARC militants kidnapped a British national working for the ICRC. On 14 November the rebels released the hostage unharmed following a meeting between FARC and ICRC officials. No ransom was paid.

12 November India

A bomb exploded on the Punjab Express bound for New Delhi, killing 13 persons and injuring some 50 others. No one claimed responsibility, but authorities suspect Muslim separatists were responsible.

Pakistan

According to local press accounts, unidentified assailants fired seven rockets from three vehicles parked at various locations, injuring six persons and causing minor damage. One vehicle was parked in a lot at the US Cultural center, another near the building housing UN offices, and the third near the US Embassy.

23 November India

Local police reported a bomb exploded outside a political party headquarters in Srinagar, injuring five persons and causing major damage.Tehrik-i-Jihad claimed responsibility.

7 December Sierra Leone

Near Buedu, Revolutionary United Front militants kidnapped one German national and one Belgian citizen, both of whom work for the humanitarian group Doctors Without Borders (Medicins Sans Frontieres). No one was injured in the attack. The rebels released both hostages unharmed on 16 December. No ransom was paid.

18 December Pakistan

A bomb exploded in a marketplace, killing 10 persons, injuring 17 others, and causing major damage, according to press reports.

22 December India

An unidentified militant lobbed a grenade into a crowd in Anatnag, injuring 12 people, according to press reports. Authorities suspect Muslim Separatists were responsible.

23 December Colombia

In the Santander Mountain region, local press reported Popular Liberation Army militants kidnapped a US citizen. After deciding that their captive had no ties to the US Government, the rebels released the hostage unharmed on 13 January 2000. No ransom was paid.

24 December Colombia

US Embassy officials reported a bomb exploded outside the Colombo-American Bi-National Center in Cali, causing an unreported number of minor injuries and major damage to the building. A group calling itself the Colombian Patriotic Resistance claimed responsibility, but police suspect ELN members carried out the attack.

Nepal

Five heavily armed militants hijacked an Indian Airlines Airbus carrying 189 passengers and 11 crewmembers en route from Katmandu to New Delhi. After refueling in Pakistan, the plane was diverted to Dubai, United Arab Emirates, where the hijackers released 27 hostages along with the body of a hostage they had murdered.The hijackers then flew to Qandahar, Afghanistan, and demanded the release of 36 militants imprisoned in India. On 31 December the Indian Government agreed to release three imprisoned militants in exchange for the hostages’ safe return.The plane and remaining hostages were released unharmed later that day.

31 December Colombia

Police officials reported three unidentified persons kidnapped a Spanish citizen from his residence in the Santa Ana neighborhood of Barrancabermeja.The hostage, an engineer, was employed by a Venezuelan firm. No one claimed responsibility. The attack bore the hallmark of the ELN.

2000

3 January NamibiaUnidentified assailants attacked four vehicles in Rundu, killing three French children and wounding their parents.The gunmen also injured two humanitarian aid workers—one Scottish citizen and one Namibian national. National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) guerrillas are suspected, but UNITA leaders denied the group’s involvement in the attack.

8 January Sudan

Humanitarian Aid Commission officials reported Sudanese People’s Liberation Army (SPLA) rebels attacked a CARE vehicle in Al Wahdah State, killing the CARE office director and his driver, and abducting two others. An SPLA spokesperson denied the group’s involvement.

9 January Namibia

Five suspected UNITA rebels entered a private residence in western Kavango and attacked the occupants, killing two Namibian nationals and injuring one other, according to police officials. No one claimed responsibility.

14 January Namibia

Military officials reported UNITA gunmen attacked a privately owned vehicle near Divundu, killing four persons and injuring five others.

18 January Yemen

Armed tribesmen kidnapped two French nationals and their two Yemeni guides, according to press reports. The Al-Shamian tribe claimed responsibility.The tribesmen released the hostages on 18 January but recaptured them the same day after authorities attempted to arrest the kidnappers. The hostages were released again unharmed on 19 January.

21 January Namibia

UNITA gunmen entered a private residence near Mayara and opened fire, killing three persons and injuring six others, according to local press accounts.

25 January Angola

Local press reported UNITA militants ambushed a vehicle near Soyo, killing one Portuguese national. No one claimed responsibility.

26 January Yemen

Armed tribesmen in Ma’rib kidnapped a US citizen working for the Halliburton Company, according to press reports. On 10 February, the kidnappers released the hostage unharmed.

27 January Spain

Police officials reported unidentified individuals set fire to a Citroen car dealership in Iturreta, causing extensive damage to the building and destroying 12 vehicles. The attack bore the hallmark of the Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA).

29 January Colombia

According to press reporting, suspected Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) or National Liberation Army (ELN) rebels bombed a section of the Cano-Limon pipeline in Arauquita, causing major damage and suspending oil production for three days.

2 February Yugoslavia

Government officials reported unidentified individuals fired an antitank missile at a refugee convoy escorted by KFOR soldiers in Mitrovica, killing two Serbians and injuring five others. No one claimed responsibility.

3 February Colombia

In Putumayo, according to press reporting, suspected FARC or ELN rebels bombed a section of the Cano-Limon pipeline, causing major damage, including an oil spill, and halting production for three days.

8 February Colombia

Government officials reported suspected ELN guerrillas bombed the ONCESA (Canadian-British-Colombian consortium) oil pipeline near Campo Hermoso, causing extensive damage to the pipeline, an oil spill, and a forest fire.

11 February Spain

Four individuals set fire to and destroyed a Citroen car dealership in Amorebieta, according to press reports. The attack bore the hallmark of the ETA.

13 February Yugoslavia

According to press accounts, unidentified individuals shot and wounded two French KFOR soldiers in Mitrovica. No one claimed responsibility.

27 February India

A bomb exploded at a railroad station in New Delhi, injuring eight persons and causing major damage, according to military reporting. Indian authorities suspect Kashmiri militants or Sikhs were responsible.

29 February Yugoslavia

According to press accounts, an unidentified assailant shot and killed a Russian KFOR soldier while he was on patrol in Srbica. An ethnic Albanian youth was arrested. Near Pristina, an unidentified gunman shot a UN official, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

2 March Yemen

Armed tribesmen kidnapped the Polish Ambassador in Sanaa, according to press reports.The Khawlan tribe claimed responsibility. On 4 March, the Ambassador was released unharmed.

3 March India

A bomb exploded on a bus in Sirhand, Punjab, killing eight persons and injuring seven others. The Indian Government suspects either Kashmiri militants or Sikhs were responsible.

4 March Uganda

Armed militants kidnapped two Italian missionaries in Kampala, according to press reports. The hostages were released unharmed several hours later. The Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) probably was responsible.

10 March El Salvador

US Embassy officials reported unidentified gunmen kidnapped a US citizen and his El Salvadoran nephew from their vehicle near San Antonio Pajonal. On 21 March, the hostages were released unharmed following a ransom payment of $34,000.

14 March Nigeria

Press reported armed youths occupied Shell Oil Company buildings in Lagos and held hostage 30 Nigerian employees and four guards of the Anglo-Dutch-owned company. No group claimed responsibility. On 15 March the Nigerian army rescued the 34 hostages unharmed.

21 March India

Armed militants killed 35 Sikhs in Chadisinghpoora Village, according to press reports. Police officers arrested Muslim militants, who confessed to helping two groups suspected in the massacre—the Lashkar-e-Tayyiba and the Hizb ul-Mujahedin—two of the principal Muslim groups in Kashmir.

27 March India

Armed militants threw a grenade at a group of police officers, missing their target but killing three civilians and injuring 11 others in Srinagar, according to press reports. The Hizb ul-Mujahedin may be responsible.

4 April Pakistan

Armed militants fired on an Afghan vehicle, killing the Governor of the Taliban-held northern Afghan province of Kondoz and his militia commander, and wounding his driver and another passenger, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

7 April Nigeria

Armed militants kidnapped 40 persons—15 British, 15 French, and 10 Korean citizens—from residences belonging to the Elf Aquitaine Oil Company in Port Harcourt, according to press reports. The 40 hostages were released unharmed several hours later. Disgruntled landowners were suspected.

12 April Colombia

Police officials reported ELN rebels kidnapped a Mexican citizen in Cali and demanded $5 million ransom. On 16 April, police arrested three of the kidnappers and freed the hostage unharmed.

India

Militants using a remote-controlled device detonated a car bomb near an army convoy in Srinagar, killing one bystander, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

13 April Colombia

Press reported a bomb exploded on the Cano-Limon oil pipeline near La Cadena, causing major damage and suspending oil production for several days. Police suspect either FARC or ELN rebels were responsible.

14 April Nigeria

In Warri, armed militants kidnapped 19 employees of the Noble Drilling Oil Company, a firm contracted by the Anglo-Dutch-owned Shell Oil Company, according to press reports. Ijaw youths probably were responsible.

15 April India

Armed militants killed 12 persons, wounded seven others, and torched several huts in Tripura, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

19 April France

Press reported a bomb exploded at a McDonald’s restaurant in Quevert, killing one person and causing major damage. Although no group claimed responsibility, authorities suspect the Breton Liberation Army (ARB). Nine persons associated with ARB were arrested.

20 April Pakistan

A bomb exploded near the Jamaat-E-Islami headquarters in Mansuren, injuring two persons in a nearby residence, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

24 April Malaysia

In Kampong Pulau Tiga, Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG) militants kidnapped 21 persons—two French, three Germans, two South Africans, two Finns, two Filipinos, one Lebanese, and nine Malaysians—according to press reports.

Tajikistan

According to government officials, a group of armed Afghans broke into a residence in Khatlon Oblast and opened fire, killing one person, injuring another, and kidnapping one other. No one claimed responsibility.

28 April India

A bomb exploded at a police checkpoint in Srinagar, killing one civilian and wounding four police officers and one civilian, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility. In Srinagar, militants threw a grenade at a security patrol but hit a bus stop instead, injuring two civilians, according to press accounts. No one claimed responsibility.

1 May Sierra Leone

On 1 May in Makeni, Revolutionary United Front (RUF) militants kidnapped at least 20 members of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Sierra Leone (UNAMSIL) and surrounded and opened fire on a UNAMSIL facility, according to press reports. The militants killed five UN soldiers in the attack. In Kailahun, RUF militants kidnapped 27 members of the UNAMSIL. The hostages were released unharmed on 28 May.

2 May Sierra Leone

Unidentified militants kidnapped five Kenyan soldiers from the UNAMSIL peacekeeping force in Magburaka, according to press reports. RUF militants were probably responsible. On 10 May, the hostages escaped.

3 May Angola

Armed militants attacked a World Food Program humanitarian convoy in Luanda, killing one person, wounding one other, and setting the trucks on fire. The UNITA was probably responsible.

5 May Sierra Leone

RUF militants kidnapped 300 UNAMSIL peacekeepers throughout the country, according to press reports. On 15 May in Foya, Liberia, the kidnappers released 139 hostages. On 28 May, on the Liberia and Sierra Leone border, armed militants released unharmed the last of the UN peacekeepers.

8 May Sierra Leone

In Freetown, armed militants shot down a United Nations helicopter, causing major damage to the helicopter but no injuries, according to press reports. The RUF was probably responsible.

9 May Sierra Leone

In Freetown, armed militants kidnapped two British citizens working for a humanitarian organization, according to press reports.The RUF was probably responsible. On 19 June one of the hostages was released unharmed.

10 May India

In Kupwara, armed militants kidnapped a civilian from his residence and then killed him, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

11 May India

In Bihar, according to press reports, armed militants killed 11 persons and injured four others. No one claimed responsibility.

14 May Colombia

Press reported unidentified individuals kidnapped an Australian missionary and three Colombians in Canito. Several hours later, the Colombian hostages were released unharmed. No group claimed responsibility.

Iran

A bomb exploded in the cultural/sports center in Kermanshah, injuring two civilians, according to press reports. The Mujahedin-e Khalq claimed responsibility.

15 May India

A landmine exploded in Chabran, killing Kashmir’s power minister and four other government employees and destroying their vehicle, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

19 May India

In Amludesa, armed militants killed six persons—one magistrate, four police officers, and one civilian—according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility. A rocket hit a private residence in Srinagar, injuring six persons, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

20 May India

Armed militants threw several bombs at a government vehicle near a bus stop in Srinagar, injuring four police officers and three civilians, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

23 May India

Militants fired six grenades at the Civil Secretariat building in Kashmir, killing one civilian and injuring three others, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

24 May Angola

Press reported suspected Front for the Liberation of the Cabinda Enclave rebels kidnapped three Portuguese construction company workers in Cabinda. No one claimed responsibility.

25 May Sierra Leone

In Freetown, according to press reports, armed militants ambushed two military vehicles carrying four journalists. A Spaniard and one US citizen were killed, and one Greek and one South African were injured in the attack. The RUF was probably responsible.

27 May Indonesia

According to press reporting, armed militants, who claimed to be members of the Free Aceh Movement, occupied a Mobil Oil production plant. The rebels ordered the workers and all Indonesian nationals to shut down production and held six hostages for several hours before releasing them unharmed and allowing production to resume.The militants demanded $500,000 ransom to restore operations.

1 June Georgia

In Kodori Gorge, police officials reported unidentified gunmen kidnapped two Danish UN military observers, a British Government employee, and two Abkhaz citizens, demanding a $500,000 ransom. On 3 June, one Abkhaz hostage was released. On 5 June, the remaining hostages were released unharmed.

2 June Namibia

In Mut’jiku, press reported suspected UNITA militants kidnapped a woman from her residence. No one claimed responsibility. In Rundu, according to press accounts, suspected UNITA militants kidnapped a man.

India

Police officials reported a bomb exploded at a religious meeting in Srinagar, killing 12 persons and injuring seven others, including a senior legislator. The Hizbul-Mujahedin claimed responsibility.

6 June Sierra Leone

Suspected RUF rebels kidnapped 21 Indian UN peacekeepers in Freetown, according to press accounts. No one claimed responsibility.

8 June Greece

In Athens, press reported two unidentified gunmen killed British Defense Attache Stephen Saunders in an ambush.The Revolutionary Organization 17 November claimed responsibility.

India

Press reported unidentified individuals threw a handgrenade into a crowded marketplace in Sopur, injuring 30 civilians and causing major damage. No one claimed responsibility.

11 June Yemen

Four unidentified gunmen kidnapped a Norwegian diplomat and his son, according to press reports. Later the same day, Yemeni police opened fire on the kidnappers, killing the diplomat and one gunman.The son escaped unharmed.The three remaining assailants escaped. No one claimed responsibility.

16 June Yemen

In the Ma’rib region, according to press reports, armed tribesmen kidnapped an Italian archaeologist. On 20 July, the kidnappers released the hostage unharmed.Yemeni tribesmen claimed responsibility.

17 June India

Armed militants shot and injured four civilians in Jammu and Kashmir, according to press reports.

18 June Nigeria

In the Niger Delta region, press reported armed militants kidnapped 22 Nigerian citizens and two unidentified foreign nationals working for Chevron, a US-owned oil company. The militants later released the two foreign nationals and four Nigerians. No one claimed responsibility.

26 June Yugoslavia

In Prizren, press reported a bomb exploded outside a shop located below a UN police officer’s residence, slightly injuring the officer and destroying the shop. No one claimed responsibility.

27 June Colombia

In Bogota, according to press reporting, ELN militants kidnapped a five-year-old US citizen and his Colombian mother, demanding an undisclosed ransom.

30 June India

A landmine exploded in Srinagar, killing one person, injuring three military personnel and five civilians, damaging several vehicles, and shattering the windows in several nearby hotels, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

2 July Philippines

Unidentified militants kidnapped a German journalist working for Der Spiegel magazine, according to police authorities. The Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG) claimed responsibility. On 27 July, the journalist was released unharmed.

4 July India

In Jammu and Kashmir, armed militants killed one person and injured one other, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility. 9 July Democratic Republic of the Congo Near the Rwandan border, Rwandan Interahamwe militiamen attacked a refugee camp, killing 30 persons and kidnapping four others, according to press accounts.

10 July Afghanistan

Press reported a bomb exploded at the Pakistani Embassy, causing major damage but no injuries. No one claimed responsibility.

13 July India

In Leh, Kashmir, armed militants killed three Buddhist monks, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

14 July India

In the Himalaya Mountains, press reported armed militants attacked two German hikers, killing one and injuring the other. No one claimed responsibility.

15 July India

In Doda, Kashmir, armed militants killed the Doda National Conference district president and his bodyguard, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility. Sierra Leone Press reported suspected RUF militants attacked UNAMSIL troops, near Kailahun, killing one Indian soldier and wounding one other Indian soldier. No one claimed responsibility.

India

In Srinagar, Kashmir, militants fired nine rifle grenades toward the Civil Secretariat building, according to press reports. The Chief Minister was in his office at the time but was unharmed in the attack, which injured four civilians and damaged two vehicles nearby. The Jaish-e-Mohammed claimed responsibility.

India

In Tangmarg, Kashmir, armed militants killed one Indian soldier and one civilian, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

16 July Sierra Leone

Unidentified militants killed a Nigerian UNAMSIL soldier in Rogberi, press reported. No one claimed responsibility.

Germany

In Ludwigshafen, the US Consulate reported unidentified individuals firebombed a refugee shelter housing Albanian Kosovars, injuring three children and causing minor damage. No one claimed responsibility.

18 July Angola

Press reported UNITA troops kidnapped 14 clergy members from the Dunge Catholic Mission in Benguela. According to press accounts, two persons were killed and several escaped during the kidnapping. On 26 July all remaining hostages were released unharmed.

20 July Angola

Unidentified militants kidnapped four Namibian citizens from their residence in Kavango, according to press accounts. The militants shot and killed two of the hostages. A third hostage was injured but escaped with a child. UNITA is suspected.

24 July India

A bomb exploded on a private bus in Ballen, killing six persons and injuring 10 others, according to press reports. Kashmiri militants or Sikhs may have been responsible.

27 July Colombia

In Bogota, suspected Guevarist Revolutionary Army (ARG) militants kidnapped a French aid worker affiliated with Doctors Without Borders, according to press reports.The ARG is a suspected faction of the ELN.

29 July Namibia

In Nginga, suspected UNITA rebels crossed into Namibia and kidnapped five Namibian men, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

30 July India

Militants threw a grenade into a crowded marketplace in Gulmarg, killing one person and injuring five others, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

Sierra Leone

In Masiaka, suspected RUF militants fired on Jordanian UNAMSIL troops, killing one soldier and wounding three others, according to press accounts. No one claimed responsibility.

31 July India

A remote-controlled landmine exploded in Gulmarg, killing one person, injuring five others, and destroying their vehicle, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

Nigeria

Press reported armed youth stormed two oil drilling rigs, taking 165 persons hostage.The hostages included 145 Nigerians, seven US citizens, five Britons, and eight Australian and Lebanese nationals. All were employed by service contractors of Shell Oil Company. No one claimed responsibility, but the gunmen were believed to be ethnic Ijaw. On 4 August all hostages were released unharmed.

Sierra Leone

Press reported RUF militants ambushed a UNAMSIL patrol in Freetown, killing one Nigerian soldier. No one else was injured.

2 August India

In Rajwas, armed militants killed 30 persons and injured 47 others when they threw a grenade and then opened fire on a community kitchen, according to press reports.The Lashkare-Tayyiba claimed responsibility.

4 August Georgia

Ethnic Kists kidnapped two Red Cross workers and their driver in Pankisi. No injuries were reported, and all hostages were released on 13 August.

Namibia

Press reported suspected UNITA rebels shot and killed one Namibian rebel inside her residence in Mwitjiku. No one claimed responsibility.

8 August Angola

Suspected UNITA rebels attacked a diamond mine in Lunda Norte Province, killing eight South African security personnel, according to press accounts. No one claimed responsibility.

9 August Angola

Press reported suspected UNITA rebels shot and killed one South African national and abducted seven Angolan workers during a raid on a diamond mine in northeast Angola. No one claimed responsibility.

10 August India

A remote-controlled car bomb exploded in Srinagar, killing nine persons, injuring 25 others, and damaging four cars, according to press reports. Eight police officers were among those killed, and five journalists were among the wounded. No one claimed responsibility.

11 August Colombia

Police authorities reported suspected ELN militants kidnapped a group of 27 tourists in Antioquia. A US professor and a German student were among the hostages. On 12 August the rebels released all hostages unharmed. In Tolima, according to press reports, the FARC kidnapped then killed two persons—one Colombian and one Irish citizen.

12 August India

A grenade exploded near a historic mosque in Srinagar, injuring four persons—two Hungarians and two Indians—according to press accounts. No one claimed responsibility.

Kyrgyzstan

In the Kara-Su Valley, according to press accounts, Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan rebels took four US citizens and one Kyrgyzstani soldier hostage.The rebels killed the soldier, but the four US citizens escaped on 18 August.

14 August India

Armed militants kidnapped three persons from their residences in Kot Dhara and later killed them, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

India

Militants threw a grenade at a bus in Pulwama, injuring 14 passengers. No one claimed responsibility.

16 August Greece

Militants in Athens set fire to a car belonging to an Italian Embassy official, according to press accounts. No one was injured. The Mavro Asteri (Black Star) called a local newspaper and claimed responsibility.

6 September Indonesia

A militia-led mob attacked a UNHCR aid office in Atambua, West Timor, killing three aid workers—one US citizen, one Ethiopian, and a Croatian—and destroying the compound.

7 September Guinea

Suspected RUF rebels kidnapped three Catholic missionaries—one US citizen and two Italian priests—in Pamlap, according to press accounts. In early December, the two Italian priests escaped.

13 September Colombia

According to press reports, ELN militants set up a fake roadblock in Antioquia and kidnapped two Russian civil engineers. On 21 September the hostages were freed.

15 September Colombia

According to police officials, a group of armed militants kidnapped three Italians in Medellin. No one claimed responsibility.

17 September Guinea

Unidentified rebels attacked and killed a Togolese United Nations refugee agency employee in Macenta, according to press accounts. The rebels also kidnapped an Ivorian secretary. No one claimed responsibility.

30 September India

Armed militants killed five persons in their private residence in Jammu, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

1 October Tajikistan

Unidentified militants detonated two bombs in a Christian church in Dushanbe, killing seven persons and injuring 70 others, according to press reports. The church was founded by a Korean-born US citizen, and most of those killed and wounded were Korean. No one claimed responsibility.

2 October Uganda

Press reported LRA rebels shot and killed an Italian priest as he drove to church in Kitgum. No one else was injured.

12 October Ecuador

In Napo, according to press reports, possible FARC members hijacked an Ecuadorian-owned helicopter and took hostage 10 aviation company employees and oilworkers—five US citizens, two French nationals, one Argentine, one Chilean, and one Ecuadorian. On 16 October the two French citizens escaped. (On 31 January, the US Embassy in Quito confirmed the death of one US hostage.)

Yemen

In Aden, a small dinghy carrying explosives rammed the US destroyer, USS Cole, killing 17 sailors and injuring 39 others. Supporters of Usama Bin Ladin are suspected.

13 October Bosnia

In Sarajevo, four German NATO-led Stabilization Force (SFOR) soldiers were injured when they attempted to arrest a Bosnian, according to press accounts. The suspect detonated a handgrenade, killing himself and wounding the soldiers and one civilian.

Indonesia

A powerful bomb exploded in Lombok, damaging the offices of the PT Newmont Nusa Tenggara Mining Company, which is jointly owned by the United States, Japan, and Indonesia, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

Yemen

A small bomb detonated on the compound of the British Embassy in Sanaa, but there were no injuries.

14 October South Africa

Demonstrators, possibly supported by PAGAD members, vandalized and threw rocks at a McDonald’s restaurant in Cape Town, according to press reports. No one was injured, but significant damage was done to the restaurant and customers’ vehicles.

19 October Sri Lanka

In Colombo, a suicide bomber detonated the explosives he was wearing near the town hall, killing four persons and wounding 23 others, including two US citizens, according to press reports. The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) were probably responsible.

14 November Yemen

In Sanaa, an armed group from the Gahm Tribe kidnapped a Swedish employee of a local power station. On 30 November the hostage was released.

19 November Namibia

Armed militants in Mahane Village kidnapped seven men and their cattle and moved them to Angola. Three men escaped. UNITA rebels were probably responsible.

Jordan

In Amman, armed militants attempted to assassinate the Israeli Vice Consul, according to press reports.The Movement for the Struggle of the Jordanian Islamic Resistance Movement and Ahmad al-Daqamisah Group both claimed responsibility.

24 November India

In Akhala, armed militants kidnapped six persons from a bus stop and killed five of them, according to press reports. The fate of the sixth individual was unknown. The Lashkar-e-Tayyiba was probably responsible.

27 November Chile

In Santiago, a bomb planted in front of the Colombian Embassy exploded, causing some property damage. No one was injured. No one claimed responsibility.

1 December India

A grenade thrown at a passing security vehicle missed its target and exploded in a crowded street in Pattan, injuring 12 persons, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

India

Press reported armed militants barged into the private residence of a village defense committee member in Udhampur, killing four children and injuring two others. No one claimed responsibility.

India

Militants threw a grenade at a military vehicle in Srinagar, missing their target but injuring three civilians. No one claimed responsibility.

5 December Burundi

Small-arms fire struck a Sabena airliner as it was landing in Bujumbura, injuring two persons, a Belgian stewardess, and a Tunisian passenger, according to press reports.The airliner was on a routine flight from Brussels. No one claimed responsibility.

Jordan

In Amman, an unidentified assailant shot and wounded an Israeli diplomat as he, his wife, and his bodyguard were leaving a grocery store. The Movement for the Struggle of the Jordanian Islamic Resistance claimed responsibility.

6 December India

A bomb destroyed a vendor’s cart, injuring four persons and damaging roadside shops in Muzaffarabad, according to press reporting. No one claimed responsibility.

7 December India Armed militants threw a grenade at a bus stop in Kupwara, injuring 24 persons, including one special police officer, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

India

A bomb exploded near a mosque in Shopian, injuring 31 persons, including three police officers, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

India

A bomb exploded in Gohlan, killing a father and injuring his son, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

9 December India

A bomb exploded in Neelum Valley, killing three persons, including a young boy, according to press accounts. No one claimed responsibility.

12 December India

A grenade thrown at an outdoor marketplace in Chadoura injured 12 civilians and four police officers, according to press reports.The Jaish-e-Mohammed was probably responsible.

India

In Qamarwari, a police vehicle activated a remote-controlled bomb, killing five police officers and injuring five civilians. The Jaish-e-Mohammed claimed responsibility.

13 December Nambia

A landmine placed near a private residence in Shighuru exploded, injuring the owner, according to press reports. UNITA was probably responsible.

25 December India

A car bomb exploded at the main gate of a military base in Srinagar, killing nine persons—six military personnel and three civilians—and injuring 23 civilians, according to press reports. The Jaish-e-Mohammed and Jamiat-ul-Mujahedin claimed responsibility.

Greece

A bomb placed at a Citibank ATM in Athens exploded, causing major damage to the exterior ATM and to the bank interior, according to press reports. The Anarchists Attack Team claimed responsibility for the attack to show support for the dead prisoners in Turkey.

30 December Philippines

A bomb exploded in a plaza across the street from the US Embassy in Manila, injuring nine persons, according to press reports. The Moro Islamic Liberation Front was possibly responsible.

31 December Thailand

Armed militants attacked a grocery store in Suan Phung during New Year celebrations, killing six persons, according to press reports.The Burmese group, God’s Army, was probably responsible.

Spain

A vehicle carrying explosives exploded in Seville, but no injuries resulted. The vehicle had been stolen from Toulouse, France. No one claimed responsibility.

2001

3 January Switzerland

In Zurich, a bomb exploded outside the glass entrance doors to the office of El Al Airlines, causing damage to the doors, according to press reports. The Revolutionary Perspective claimed responsibility in a message faxed to the Associated Press.

Yemen

In Sanaa, the US Ambassador to Yemen and the Yemeni Ambassador to Washington were aboard a Yemeni airliner that was hijacked by a Yemeni national during an internal flight according to press reports.The plane, which had 91 passengers on board, landed safely at Djibouti Airport. No passengers or crew were injured.

5 January India

In Srinagar, a grenade exploded in the downtown area injuring 27 persons, including four police officers, according to press reports.The grenade was thrown at a police picket but fell short of its target. No one claimed responsibility.

6 January Greece

In Athens, press reported an incendiary bomb placed under the vehicle of a Turkish commercial attache exploded, resulting in no injuries but causing major damage to the car. A group calling themselves the “Crazy Gas Cannisters” claimed responsibility.

8 January Algeria

In Annaba, according to press reports, armed militants killed six Russian citizens. The Armed Islamic Group is probably responsible.

9 January Russia

In Chechnya, according to press accounts, a US citizen working for Medecins Sans Frontieres, was kidnapped. On 4 February the hostage was released unharmed.

17 January Yemen

In Sanaa, according to press reports, armed militants abducted a German citizen working for the German Company, Preussag Energy. The hostage was released unharmed the next day. No one claimed responsibility.

21 January India

In Rajpura, Kashmir a grenade thrown at a security patrol missed its target, killing two civilians and a policeman and injuring 20 others, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

India

In Jammu, a bomb exploded near the headquarters of the National Conference Party, injuring six persons in three passenger buses parked nearby and damaging several private vehicles, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

22 January India

In Kareri, a public bus hit a landmine, killing four civilians and two soldiers and injuring 16 civilians and eight soldiers, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

Indonesia

According to press reports, in Merauke, armed militants kidnapped 17 persons—four Koreans and 13 Indonesians—working on a forest logging project. The kidnappers demanded $1 million dollars in compensation for “environmental damage,” a halt to all future logging, and withdrawal of police mobile brigade forces from the district. They also demanded that the Indonesian Government open a dialog with the Free Papua Movement (OPM) regarding the status of Irian Jaya.The Willem Onde Group, a splinter group of the OPM, is probably responsible. On 7 February, the last three hostages were released unharmed. No ransom was paid.

27 January India

According to press reports, armed militants kidnapped a district president of Shah’s Awami National Conference when he was moving out of his private residence without his security forces. No one claimed responsibility.

28 January India

In Srinagar, militants threw a grenade at a police post, missing their target but injuring two civilian passers-by, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

29 January Indonesia

In Lombok, a bomb exploded causing no injuries but damaging the subsidiary office of the US firm Newmont Mining Corporation, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

Nigeria

In southern Nigeria, armed militants stormed oil flow stations causing the loss of 40,000 barrels per day, according to press reports.The Ijaw Youths are probably responsible.

2 February Colombia

In Cesar, according to press reports, an explosion caused major damage to the railroad tracks used to transport coal by the US multinational firm Drummond. According to Drummond officials, the company was being extorted and blackmailed by the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) rebels.

Colombia

In Arauca, according to press reports, six bombs exploded along the Cano Limon-Covenas pipeline, derailing a nine-car train and forcing the suspension in the pumping of crude oil. FARC rebels are suspected.

4 February India

Armed militants killed four Sikhs and injured four other persons in Srinagar, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

9 February India

In Rajaori, armed militants set fire to several private residences, killing 15 persons, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

Tanzania

In Kasulu, rebels raided a refugee camp, kidnapping 13 persons and killing one other, according to press reports. The Forces for the Defense of Democracy are probably responsible.

16 February Bangladesh

In Rangamati, armed tribesmen at a roadblock, kidnapped two British citizens and two Danes working for a Danish consulting firm engaged in road work, according to press reports. The driver of the vehicle and one British citizen were later released to deliver a ransom note to the authorities.

17 February Turkey

In Istanbul, press reported a bomb was found at a McDonald’s restaurant and safely defused by police. No one claimed responsibility.

18 February Angola

In Cassanguidi, rebels ambushed and burned a vehicle, killing two persons and wounding two others.The National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) claimed responsibility.

22 February Colombia

In Bogota, armed rebels abducted a Japanese businessman and his driver. The rebels demanded $8 million ransom for the release of the Japanese businessman but released the driver, according to press reports. The FARC are probably responsible.

5 March Algeria

In Kolea, armed rebels attacked a home, killing two persons. The GIA is probably responsible.

7 March India

In Srinagar, a bomb exploded near a Border Security Force, injuring two police officers and six civilians, and setting on fire several private residences, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

8 March Sudan

In Kiech Kuon, armed rebels attacked a village, abducting four NGO relief workers—two Kenyan and two Sudanese—and killing two persons, according to US Embassy and press reports. The Sudanese Government obtained their release after initiating negotiations. The Sudan Peoples Liberation Army (SPLA) is probably responsible.

9 March Angola

In the enclave province of Cabinda, armed rebels abducted six persons five Portuguese and one Angolan according to press reports. On 23 May, the hostages were released unharmed. The Front for the Liberation of Cabinda Enclave-Renewed (FLEC-Renewed) claimed responsibility.

15 March Turkey

In Istanbul, according to press reports, a plane carrying 162 passengers was hijacked to Saudi Arabia where authorities stormed the plane, killing three Russian passengers and injuring one Turkish passenger. No one claimed responsibility.

18 March Burundi

In Ruyigi, according to press reports, armed rebels attacked a village, burning 20 houses, looting shops, and stealing cows. The Force for the Defense of Democracy is probably responsible.

19 March Colombia

In Prado, according to press reports, armed rebels abducted a German hotel businessman. No one claimed responsibility.

20 March Namibia

In Mayenzere, according to press reports, armed rebels attacked a home, abducting two young persons and looting property. On 20 March, the hostages escaped their captors, according to press reports. UNITA is probably responsible.

26 March Turkey

In Ankara, according to press reports, an Iranian national poured oil on the main gate to the Iranian Embassy, then set it on fire, causing an undetermined amount of damage. No one claimed responsibility.

27 March Somalia

In Mogadishu, militiamen attacked and overran the Medecins Sans Frontieres facility, killing 11 persons, wounding 40 others, and kidnapping nine international aid workers and two UNICEF officials. By 4 April, the foreign national aid workers—including the UNICEF officials—had been released, according to US Embassy and press reports. Militiamen loyal to warlord, Musa Sude Yalahow are responsible.

28 March Israel

In Kefar Sava, at a bus stop, a suicide bomber detonated explosives he was wearing, killing two persons and injuring four others, according to press reports. A US citizen was one of the four injured.The Izz-al-Din-al-Qassam Battalions, the military wing of HAMAS, claimed responsibility.

29 March Philippines

According to press reporting, armed militants kidnapped a Chinese-Philippine attorney and her daughter. On 20 June, in Tungawan, Philippines, after a small payment for room and board, the hostages were released unharmed. The Moro Islamic Liberation Front claimed responsibility.

3 April Burundi

In Ruyigi, rebels ambushed a United Nations (UN) convoy, wounding four persons. The convoy consisted of two World Food Program (WFO) vehicles, according to radio reports. The Force for the Defense of Democracy is probably responsible.

6 April Greece

In Kholargos, according to press reports, armed militants set two foreign bank branches on fire. The Anarchic Attack Groups claimed responsibility.

13 April India

In Baramula, according to press reports, armed militants threw a grenade towards a moving security vehicle. The grenade missed its target and exploded in a crowded bazaar, injuring 16 persons. No one claimed responsibility.

India

In Kashmir, armed militants killed a National Conference block president as he was returning home from morning prayers, according to press reporting. No one claimed responsibility.

15 April Burundi

In Gitega, armed rebels launched an attack, killing 10 persons. The rebels retreated into Tanzania, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

16 April Burundi

In Butaganzwa, armed gangs attacked the community, setting fire to the health center and the primary school headmaster. The armed gangs returned to Tanzania, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

17 April Greece

In Athens, according to press reports, two diplomatic vehicles were set on fire—one belonging to the Israeli Embassy and the other to the Thai Embassy. No one claimed responsibility.

19 April Burundi

In Ruyigi, according to press reports, rebels ambushed a college vehicle, killing 18 persons.The Force for the Defense of Democracy is probably responsible.

22 April Democratic Republic of the Congo

In Nord-Kivu Province, an armed group abducted a priest of the Italian-based Missionary Service, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

India

In Sopur, a bomb placed in a vegetable cart parked in a crowded marketplace exploded, killing one policeman, injuring nine civilians, and damaging a police station, and nearby houses, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

Turkey

In Istanbul, armed Chechen gunmen held 120 persons hostage, including four Russians, 16 Swiss, and several other nationals. On 23 April, after negotiating with officials, the gunmen released all hostages unharmed, according to press reports.

23 April Colombia

In Bogota, the Colombian National Liberation Army (ELN) released a Danish citizen from captivity whom the militants had held since 17 March. A friend of the Danish citizen who was captured at the same time also was released recently, according to press reports.

India

In Kishtwar, a bomb exploded at a bus stop, injuring five persons, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

India

In Srinagar, a grenade was thrown at the Hurriyat Conference center, injuring five persons, according to press reports.

Kashmiri

separatist members were meeting to discuss holding peace talks with India. No one claimed responsibility.

Namibia

In the village of Karangana, armed rebels abducted eight persons and took them to Angola, according to press reports. UNITA is probably responsible.

24 April Burundi

In Gisagara, armed groups killed six persons, kidnapped two others, and stole 100 cows, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

26 April Ethiopia

In Debre Zeyit, a group of five Ethiopian Air Academy students hijacked a military aircraft carrying 50 passengers, according to press reports. Democratic Republic of the Congo In the Province of Ituri, tribesmen abducted International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) workers, killing six persons—one Columbian, one Swiss, and four Congolese, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

27 April India

In Srinagar, a grenade thrown at the main telegraph office injured five police officers, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

India

In Chadoora, a grenade exploded at a crowded bus terminal, killing two persons and injuring 29 others, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

30 April India

In Tuibana, armed militants killed two persons in their residence, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

India

In Gundpora, armed militants killed one person in his residence, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

India

In Lobal, two persons abducted from their homes were found decapitated, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

India

In Lalpor, a grenade thrown at a police installation missed its mark and exploded, killing one person, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

2 May Saudi Arabia

In Dhahran, a letter bomb that was delivered to a US physician at the Saad Medical Center exploded, severely injuring the doctor, according to US Embassy reports. No one claimed responsibility.

5 May Afghanistan

In Herat, a bomb placed near a mosque exploded, killing 12 persons—one Iranian cleric and 11 civilians—injuring 28 others, and damaging the Iranian Consulate and 12 cars parked nearby, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

6 May Angola

In Caxito, armed rebels attacked the town, killing 100 persons and kidnapping 120 others, according to press and media reports. UNITA is responsible.

7 May Pakistan

In Sanni, armed militants attacked a vehicle convoy on an oil exploration mission, killing one person and injuring three others, including a Chinese engineer working for the Chinese oil and gas exploration company, BGP. No one claimed responsibility.

9 May India

In Kashmir, a bomb exploded, killing six persons. In an exchange of gunfire between the militants and the police following the explosion, four more persons were killed, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

West Bank

In the Israeli settlement of Teqoa, two teens who were out hiking, US citizen Yaakov Nathan Mandell and an Israeli, were stoned to death.Their bodies were found in a nearby cave, according to media reports. A group calling itself “Palestinian Hizballah” claimed responsibility.

10 May Gaza Strip

In Kissufim Crossing, a bomb exploded next to a border fence being repaired by three workmen, killing two Romanian workers hired by the Israeli Defense Force (IDF) and wounding an Israeli citizen, according to US Embassy and media reports. No one claimed responsibility.

11 May Burundi

In Kibago, rebels stopped a Dutch NGO’s mobile-clinic vehicle, kidnapping six persons, according to press reports.The Force for the Defense of Democracy is probably responsible.

15 May Democratic Republic of the Congo

In eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, tribal warriors kidnapped 20 Thailand Timber Company employees—including 12 Thai, one Kenyan, and one Swedish national, according to media reports. Mai Mai tribal warriors claimed responsibility.

16 May India

In Kashmir, a grenade thrown at the private residence of the Forest Minister fell short of its target, landing outside the main gate, resulting in no injuries or damage, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

21 May Namibia

In the village of Mwitjiku, armed militants attacked the community, killing one person and wounding one other, according to press reports. UNITA is probably responsible.

26 May Philippines

In Palawan, the Abu Sayaaf Group (ASG) kidnapped 20 persons including three US citizens and 17 Filipinos from a beach resort and took them to Basilan Island in Sulu Archipelago, according to press reports. On 31 May, three captives were released unharmed. On 2 June, the kidnappers, with their hostages in tow, raided a hospital and church in Lamitan, Basilan, temporarily taking 200 persons hostage. They managed to escape from an ensuing gun battle with Philippine military forces and added five hospital employees to their group of hostages. On 4 June, the ASG released two female hostages after ransom was paid, according to press reports. Three more Philippine hostages were released on 16 June. On 26 June, two more Philippine civilians were taken hostage. In June, the ASG beheaded one of the US hostages. At year’s end, two of the 20 original hostages (both US citizens) and one Filipino from the Lamitan hospital remained captive.

Yemen

In Sanaa, armed tribesmen kidnapped a German teacher and demanded the release of six members of their tribe serving prison sentences. On 13 June, the teacher was released unharmed, according to press reports.The Al Ali bin Falah tribe is responsible.

29 May West Bank

In the Israeli settlement of Newe Daniyyel, assailants fired on a passing vehicle, killing two persons US citizen Sara Blaustein and one Israeli and wounding four others including two US citizens, according to press reports. The al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade claimed responsibility.

1 June Israel

In Tel Aviv, a suicide bomber detonated a bomb he was wearing in front of a busy club, killing 18 persons including a Ukrainian national and wounding 119 others, according to press reports. HAMAS was the likely perpetrator.

2 June Angola

In Talamanjaba, rebels ambushed a truck and car, killing seven persons including a Portuguese citizen, and wounding three others, according to press reports. UNITA is probably responsible.

India

In Kupwara, a bomb exploded at a crowded bus stop, killing two persons and injuring 32 others, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

8 June Angola

In Luena, armed militants launched a surface-to-air missile at a UNWorld Food Program chartered Boeing 727, severely damaging one engine causing the pilot to make a forced landing at the airport, according to press reports. UNITA claimed responsibility.

India

In Tsrar Sharif, a bomb placed near a mosque exploded, killing four persons and injuring 54 others, according to media reports. No one claimed responsibility.

Colombia

In Florida, a Spaniard was kidnapped after leaving the hospital where she worked, according to press reports. On 7 July, the Spaniard was released and left on the mountains in southwestern Colombia. Motives for the kidnapping were unclear, no ransom was collected, and no one claimed responsibility. Authorities found that her captives, a group of guerrillas from the 19 April Movement (M-19), also referred to as the Jaime Bateman Canyon Movement, were responsible.

12 June West Bank

In the Israeli settlement of Ma’ale Adummim (east of Jerusalem), militants fired upon a passing car, killing the driver, a Greek monk, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

14 June Nigeria

In Abereke, militant youths kidnapped two Nigerian oil employees working for the US Oil Group Chevron who were inspecting an oil spillage, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

16 June Tajikistan

In Tovildara region, assailants kidnapped 15 employees of a German humanitarian group—four Germans, nine Tajikistanis, a Russian, and a US citizen.The kidnappers immediately released four hostages—two Germans, the Russian, and a Tajikistani—and demanded the release of four members of their group who were arrested and charged with the murder of the Deputy Interior Minister in April. On the same day in Tolvildara region, four officers from the Tajik Security Ministry who came to talk to the kidnappers also were taken hostage. On 17 June all remaining hostages were released unharmed. No one claimed responsibility, but Tajikistani authorities found that a former United Tajik Opposition fighter was responsible for the kidnapping, according to press reporting.

19 June Indonesia

In Nabire, two Belgian filmmakers were kidnapped, according to press and US Embassy reporting. On 22 August, the two filmmakers were released unharmed. Dani tribesmen claimed responsibility.

20 June Philippines

In North Cotabato, the “Pentagon Gang” abducted a Chinese engineer working for a Japanese-funded irrigation project, according to press reports. On 12 August, three Chinese nationals and a local Philippine businessman were kidnapped when they tried to deliver the ransom payment for the engineer. On 19 August, the Philippine military attempted a rescue, which left two Chinese dead, one injured but rescued. On 19 October, the one remaining Chinese hostage was released, reportedly after a ransom was paid.

22 June Burundi

In Ruvumu, rebels ambushed a van, killing one person and kidnapping three others.The vehicle is owned by the British NGO Children Aid Direct. In a search effort later, authorities found the three persons who were kidnapped, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

15 July Somalia

In Mogadishu, militiamen attacked a WFP convoy, killing six persons and wounding several others, according to press reports. Militiamen loyal to Usman (Hasan Ali) Ato are probably responsible.

18 July Colombia

In Silvia, FARC guerrillas claimed responsibility for kidnapping three German experts who were assisting rural peasant communities with several agricultural projects, according to press reports.

21 July India

In Sheshang, a bomb exploded, killing six persons and two policemen and wounding 15 civilians, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

22 July India

In Chirji, armed militants killed 15 persons, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

India

In Chatroo, armed militants kidnapped five persons, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

24 July Sri Lanka

In Colombo, armed militants attacked the international and military airports, killing six persons—four military and two civilians—and injuring nine others. Also destroyed were five commercial and eight military aircraft, several ammunition dumps, and oil storage depots, according to press reports. The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam claimed responsibility.

27 July Yemen

In Sanaa, armed men stopped a German diplomat’s car, kidnapping and taking the Embassy employee to the provincial capital of Dhamar, according to US Embassy reports. Tribal militants in the Seruwa region are probably responsible.

4 August India

In Atholi, armed militants killed 17 persons at a trading post, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

9 August Israel

In Jerusalem, a suicide bomber walked into a busy downtown restaurant and detonated a 10-pound bomb he was wearing, killing 15 persons including US citizens Judith Greenbaum and Malka Roth and five Dutch and wounding 130 others including four US citizens, according to press reports. HAMAS claimed responsibility.

10 August India

In Narbal, a bomb exploded, killing one person and injuring five others, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

India

In Kashmir, a bomb exploded at a Muslim shrine, killing six persons and injuring 24 others, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

India

In Srinagar, a bomb exploded, killing one person and injuring five others, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

13 August India

In Damhalhanjipora, armed militants using firearms and rifle grenades fired on the Kashmir Tourist Minister’s residence, killing a policeman and three mercenaries, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

14 August India

In Riasi, armed militants killed three persons, then placed grenades under the bodies that exploded when they were examined, killing two more persons, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

18 August Spain

In Salou, a car bomb exploded at a hotel, injuring 13 persons five Spanish, two Russian, two Irish, two French, one Portuguese, and one Briton—according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility, but authorities suspect the Basque Fatherland and Liberty.

21 August Philippines

In Cotabato, armed militants killed an Irish parish priest in a botched kidnapping attempt, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility, but police named the son of a former Moro National Liberation Front commander as a suspect.

23 August Nigeria

In Lagos, militant youths overran an oilrig operated by Trans-Ocean SEDCO/Trident, a subcontractor to Shell, kidnapping 19 foreign nationals and 80 nationals, according to press reports. Five days later the hostages were released unharmed. No one claimed responsibility.

1 September Uganda

In Nimule, armed militants ambushed a vehicle belonging to the Catholic Relief Services, killing five persons and wounding two others, according to press reports.The Lord’s Resistance Army is probably responsible.

4 September India

In Jamiapura, a bomb exploded near a school, killing three persons and injuring three others, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

8 September India

In Pahalgam, a schoolbus hit a landmine that exploded, killing one person and injuring 20 others, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

11 September United States—New York

Five terrorists hijacked American Airlines Flight 11, which departed Boston for Los Angeles at 7:45 a.m. An hour later it was deliberately piloted into the North Tower of the World Trade Center in New York City.

Five terrorists hijacked United Airlines Flight 175, which departed Boston for Los Angeles at 7:58 a.m. At 9:05 the plane crashed into the South Tower of the World Trade Center. Both towers collapsed shortly thereafter, killing approximately 3000 persons, including hundreds of firefighters and rescue personnel who were helping to evacuate the buildings. Usama Bin Ladin and his organization al-Qaida are responsible.

United States—Pennsylvania

Near Shanksville, terrorists using knives and boxcutters hijacked a United Airlines plane Flight 93, a Boeing-757 commercial airliner carrying 44 passengers and crew en route from Newark International Airport to San Francisco International Airport. The hijackers took over the plane’s controls and were heading the aircraft in the direction of Washington, D.C. In attempting to retake control of the airplane, the passengers crashed it into the Pennsylvania countryside, according to press reports. Usama Bin Ladin and his organization al-Qaida are responsible.

United States—Virginia

Near Washington D.C., terrorists using knives and box cutters hijacked an American Airlines Flight 77, a Boeing 757 commercial airliner carrying 64 persons on board en route from Dulles International Airport to Los Angeles International Airport.The terrorists took over the controls and flew the plane into the west side of the Pentagon, destroying the left side of the building. Casualties included 64 passengers and crew and 125 military and civilian personnel killed with 80 injured in the partially collapsed side of the Pentagon, according to press reports. Usama Bin Ladin and his organization al-Qaida are responsible.

16 September Philippines

In Tawitawi, armed militants kidnapped from his residence a Sierra Leonean professor who later escaped his captors, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

24 September Colombia

In Bogota, leftist rebels kidnapped a Slovak missionary, a Czech priest, and another seven persons from a bus heading to the capital, according to press reports.The Slovak missionary was released three days later. No one claimed responsibility, but authorities suspect the ELN.

27 September Chile

In Santiago, bomb-squad experts, safely detonated a letter bomb delivered to the US Embassy, according to US Department of State reporting. No one claimed responsibility.

28 September India

In Doda, a bomb exploded at a bus stop, injuring five persons, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

Turkey

In Istanbul, a bomb exploded at a McDonald’s restaurant, injuring three persons and causing property damage, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

1 October India

In Kashmir, a car bomb exploded at the State Legislative Assembly Building, killing 15 persons and injuring 40 others, according to press reports. The Jaish-e-Mohammad may be responsible.

6 October Saudi Arabia

In Al Khubar, a suicide bomber exploded a device in a busy shopping area, killing one person—US citizen Michael Jerrald Martin, Jr.—and injuring five others—two US citizens, one Briton and two Filipinos—according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

11 October Saudi Arabia

In Riyadh, unidentified assailants threw a Molotov cocktail at a car carrying two Germans, but no injuries resulted, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

16 October Spain

In Catalan, a letter bomb sent to the Catalan Prison Employees’ Union Chatac failed to explode, according to press reports. The Italian Anarchist Black Cross claimed responsibility.

4 November Israel

In east Jerusalem near French Hill, US citizen Shoshana Ben Yashai was killed in a shooting attack on a bus, and 35 others were injured, according to press reports.The assailant was also killed in the attack, which was claimed by the Palestine Islamic Jihad.

11 November Colombia

In Antioquia, a technician for the Italian engineering company Ansaldo was kidnapped by guerrillas just hours before they released another Italian technician who had been held captive since 15 September, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility, but authorities suspect the ELN.

1 December Israel

On 1 December, two suicide bombers detonated explosives on a busy downtown pedestrian mall, killing at least 10 persons and wounding 120 others. A simultaneous car bomb may have targeted first responders. HAMAS claimed responsibility.

13 December India

In New Delhi, an armed group attacked India’s Parliament while it was in full session, killing 13 terrorists and security personnel. India has blamed Lash-kar-e-Tayyiba and Jaish-e-Mohammed for the attack.

21 December Philippines

In Manila, according to press reports, authorities safely defused a bomb placed outside the Allied Bank building housing the Canadian Embassy and next door to the British Embassy. The bomb weighed between 50-60 pounds, was composed of ammonium nitrate soaked in gasoline, and contained two electric blasting caps. No one claimed responsibility.

2002

12 January Venezuela

In El Amparo, armed militants kidnapped two persons, an Italian and Venezuelan citizen. On 17 May, a rebel defecting from the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) released the two hostages.

15 January West Bank

In Bayt Sahur, militants attacked a vehicle carrying two passengers, killing one person, who was a US-Israeli citizen, and wounding the other. The Al-Aqsa Martyrs Battalion claimed responsibility.

22 January India

In Kolkata (Calcutta), armed militants attacked the US Consulate, killing five Indian security forces and injuring 13 others.The Harakat ul-Jihad-I-Islami and the Asif Raza Commandoes claimed responsibility.

India

In Jammu, Kashmir, a bomb exploded in a crowded retail district, killing one person and injuring nine others. No one claimed responsibility.

23 January Pakistan

In Karachi, armed militants kidnapped and killed a US journalist working for the Wall Street Journal newspaper. No one claimed responsibility.

24 January Algeria

In Larbaa-Tablat Road, militants set up an illegal roadblock, killing three persons, including one Syrian. No one claimed responsibility.

31 January Philippines

Two hikers on the slopes of the Pinatubo volcano were attacked by militants. One of the hikers, a US citizen, was killed.

9 February France

In Saint-Jean-De-Luz, unidentified persons threw gasoline bombs at a police headquarters, causing material damage to police barracks and three parked vehicles but resulting in no injuries. No one claimed responsibility, but authorities suspect radical groups associated with the Basque Fatherland and Liberty.

16 February West Bank

In Karnei Shomron, a suicide bomber attacked a pizzeria in an outdoor food court, killing four persons, two of whom were US citizens and wounding 27 others including two US citizens. The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) claimed responsibility.

28 February Colombia

In Antioquia, an Italian tourist was kidnapped at a checkpoint armed rebels had illegally set up. On 17 March in San Francisco, the rebels released the Italian tourist.

Jordan

In Amman, a bomb placed in a car was detonated by a timing device, killing an Egyptian and an Iraqi laborer who worked in a nearby food shop.The car belonged to the wife of the head of the Jordanian Anti-Terrorism Unit and was parked near their home. No one claimed responsibility.

7 March West Bank

In Ariel, a suicide bomber entered a large supermarket collocated with a hotel and detonated the explosive device he was wearing, wounding 10 persons including a US citizen, according to media and US Embassy reporting. The PFLP claimed responsibility.

9 March Israel

In Jerusalem, a suicide bomber entered a restaurant/cafe detonating the explosive device he was wearing, killing 11 persons and wounding 52 others including a US citizen, according to media and US Embassy reporting.The Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade claimed responsibility.

14 March Colombia

In Cali, two US citizens were shot and killed by motorcycleriding gunmen. The two US citizens were brothers who arrived in town the day before to negotiate the release of their father who had been taken captive by the FARC. No one claimed responsibility.

17 March Pakistan

In Islamabad, during a Protestant service, several grenades were thrown inside a church used by diplomatic and local personnel, killing five persons—including two US citizens and 46 others, according to press reports. The Lashkar-e-Tayyiba probably is responsible.

18 March Georgia

In Abkhazia, Georgian guerrillas kidnapped four Russian peacekeepers to negotiate an exchange for two Georgian gunmen who were being held by Russian authorities. On 21 March, the four Russian peacekeepers and their weapons were released in exchange for the two Georgian gunmen. Georgian guerrillas claimed responsibility.

20 March Peru

In Lima, a vehicle bomb exploded at a shopping center some 50 meters from the US Embassy, killing nine persons, injuring 32 others, and causing major damage. Authorities suspect the Maoist Shining Path rebels and/or the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement.The dead included two police officers and a teenager but no US citizens.The attack occurred three days before the US President’s planned visit to Peru.

21 March Israel

In Jerusalem, a suicide bomber detonated the explosive device he was wearing, killing three persons and wounding 86 others, including two US citizens, according to US Consulate and media reporting. The Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.

22 March India

In Shopiyan, Kashmir, militants threw several grenades into a busy market at midmorning, injuring 35 persons. No one claimed responsibility.

India

In Anantnag, Kashmir, militants tossed several grenades at a busy bus stand, injuring 17 persons. No one claimed responsibility.

India

In Rajouri, Kashmir, a bomb exploded in a sweet shop, injuring five persons. No one claimed responsibility.

Uganda

In Kalosaric, gunmen stopped a vehicle traveling on the Moroto-Kotido Road, killing three persons—an Irish Catholic priest, his driver, and his cook. Karamojong gunmen are probably responsible.

23 March India

In Kadal, Kashmir, a grenade hurled at a police installation missed its target and landed in a group of civilians, killing two persons and injuring 20 others, including nine policemen. No one claimed responsibility.

26 March Senegal

In Kafountine, Casamance Province, rebels attacked the coastal resort, killing five persons and wounding four others including a French citizen.The Casamance Movement of Democratic Forces is probably responsible.

West Bank

In Hebron, gunmen stopped and fired on a vehicle owned and operated by the Temporary Presence in Hebron (TIPH), killing two persons—a Turkish Army officer and a Swiss office worker—and wounding a Turkish Army officer, according to media and government reports. No one claimed responsibility. The Palestinian Authorities and the Israeli Army accuse each other of the incident.

27 March Israel

In Netanya, a suicide bomber entered the crowded restaurant of a hotel and detonated the explosive device he was wearing, killing 22 persons including one US citizen and wounding 140 others.The Islamic Resistance Movement (HAMAS) claimed responsibility.

30 March India

In Jammu, Kashmir, a bomb exploded at a Hindu temple, killing 10 persons, according to press reports. The Islamic Front has claimed responsibility.

31 March West Bank

In Efrat, a suicide bomber standing next to an ambulance station detonated the explosive device he was wearing, injuring four persons including one US citizen, according to press and US Consulate reporting. The Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades claimed responsibility.

1 April Nigeria

In Niger Delta, 10 oil workers contracted to the Royal Shell Oil Group were kidnapped by militant youths, according to press reports. Six of the hostages were foreign nationals, including one US citizen, one Filipino, and four Ghanaians.

10 April India

In Gando, Kashmir, armed militants killed five persons and injured four others in their residence. No one claimed responsibility.

11 April Tunisia

In Djerba, a suicide bomber crashed and detonated a propane gas truck into the fence of a historic synagogue, killing 16 persons including 11 German citizens, one French citizen, and three Tunisians and injuring 26 German citizens.The Islamic Army for the Liberation of the Holy Sites claimed responsibility.

12 April Israel

In Jerusalem, a suicide bomber detonated the explosive vest she was wearing, killing six persons, including two Chinese citizens, and wounding 90 others. The Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade claimed responsibility.

14 April India

In Pulwama, Kashmir, a grenade fired at a police vehicle missed its target, landing in a crowded bus stop, killing one person and injuring 13 others. No one claimed responsibility.

16 April India

In Balhama-Rafiabad, armed militants killed five persons and injured two others.The Ikhwan are probably responsible.

26 April India

In Gharat, Kashmir, a bomb planted under a bus was detonated by remote control, killing one person and injuring 21 others—nine security personnel and 12 civilians. No one claimed responsibility.

28 April Colombia

In Bogota, according to US Embassy reporting, a car packed with 88 pounds of explosives was discovered adjacent to the World Business Port commercial building that houses the US Agency for International Development (USAID) and other international organizations. A policeman identified the vehicle as suspicious and called the bomb squad who disarmed the device. No one claimed responsibility.

4 May Istanbul

In Istanbul, an armed gunman entered a large tourist hotel and took several Turkish nationals and one Bulgarian hostage, according to press and US Embassy reporting. About an hour later, all the hostages were released unharmed, and the gunman surrendered. No group claimed responsibility.

7 May Colombia

In Quebradas, a section of the Cano Limon-Covenas pipeline was bombed, killing two persons, wounding four others, and causing millions of dollars in property damage.The FARC or National Liberation Army (ELN) is probably responsible.

8 May Pakistan

In Karachi, a vehicle parked next to a Navy shuttle bus exploded, killing 10 French nationals and two Pakistanis and wounding 19 others—11 French nationals and eight Pakistanis—shattering windows in nearby buildings and leaving a large crater in the road, according to press reports. Al-Qaida is probably responsible.

9 May Lebanon

In Tripoli, a bomb placed beside a US fast food restaurant—Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC)—detonated, wounding an employee, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

Russia

In Kapiisk, Dagestan, militants detonated a remote-controlled bomb in the bushes as the May Day Parade was passing by on Main Street, killing 42 persons, including 14 soldiers, and wounding 150 others, including 50 soldiers, according to press reports. Islamist militants linked to al-Qaida are probably responsible.

Thailand

In Tachilek, a bomb exploded at a hotel, killing one Burmese national and injuring three others. No one claimed responsibility.

10 May United Kingdom

In London, a timer-detonated bomb exploded at the Armenian Embassy. No casualties were reported, and no one claimed responsibility.

14 May India

In Kaluchak, Jammu, militants fired on a passenger bus, killing seven persons, then entered a military housing complex killing three soldiers, four soldiers’ wives, and three children. The Al-Mansooran and Jamiat ul-Mujahedin claimed responsibility.

17 May India

In Srinagar, Kashmir, a bomb exploded outside the highsecurity civil secretariat area, injuring six persons. No one claimed responsibility. In Jammu, Kashmir, a bomb exploded at a fire services headquarters, killing two persons and injuring 16 others. No one claimed responsibility.

21 May Colombia

In Srinagar, armed gunmen killed a senior Hurriyat conference leader, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

30 May India

In Kashmir, armed militants shot and injured a subeditor of a local English language newspaper, Kashmir Images. No one claimed responsibility.

1 June India

In Kulgam, Kashmir, a grenade thrown into a crowd killed one person and injured seven others. No one claimed responsibility.

India

In Srinagar, armed militants threw a grenade into a paramilitary foot patrol, killing one person and injuring 13 others. No one claimed responsibility.

India

In Anantnag, armed militants threw a grenade into a police station, injuring 18 persons. No one claimed responsibility.

7 June India

In Pindi, armed militants killed one person, injured three others, and damaged several houses. No one claimed responsibility.

India

Philippine military units on a rescue mission engaged terrorists from the ASG in a firefight that took the life of US citizen Martin Burnham, who had been held hostage along with his wife, for more than a year. She was wounded and freed.

9 June India

In Rajouri, Kashmir, armed militants wounded six persons including three security personnel and damaged a television tower building. No one claimed responsibility.

14 June Pakistan

In Karachi, a vehicle bomb exploded on the main road near the US Consulate and Marriott Hotel, killing 11 persons, injuring 51 others, including a US and a Japanese citizen, and damaging nearby buildings. Al Qaida or Al-Qa’nun is possibly responsible.

19 June Israel

In Jerusalem, a suicide bomber jumped out of a car, ran into the concrete shelter at a bus stop, and detonated the explosive device he was wearing, killing six persons and wounding 43 others, including two US citizens. The Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades claimed responsibility.

20 June Pakistan

In Neelum Valley, armed militants fired on a passenger bus sending it over a cliff, killing the driver and nine passengers and injuring 12 others. No one claimed responsibility.

21 June Spain

In Fuengirola, a vehicle bomb exploded in a parking lot adjacent to a beach hotel/apartment building injuring six persons, including four Britons, one Moroccan, and one Spaniard. The Basque Fatherland and Liberty is probably responsible.

24 June India

In Kupwara, Kashmir, a bomb exploded at the State Law and Parliamentary Minister’s residence, injuring five police officers guarding the home. No one claimed responsibility.

30 June India

In Nishat, Kashmir, armed militants killed a National Conference leader. No one claimed responsibility.

5 July Algeria

In Larbaa, rebels detonated a homemade bomb in the downtown area, killing 35 persons, including two Nigerian citizens, and wounding 80 others.The Armed Islamic Group is possibly responsible.

8 July India

In Indh, Kashmir, a bomb exploded near a water tank, killing three persons. No one claimed responsibility.

13 July India

In Jammu, armed militants attacked a village, killing 27 persons. The Lashkar-e-Tayyiba is probably responsible.

Pakistan

In Mansehra, a grenade thrown into a group of European tourists visiting at an archeological site exploded, injuring 12 persons—seven Germans, one Austrian, one Slovak, and three Pakistanis. No one claimed responsibility.

17 July India

In Anantnag, Kashmir, a bomb exploded in a government building, killing three persons and injuring nine others. No one claimed responsibility.

Israel

In Tel Aviv, two suicide bombers carried out an attack simultaneously near the old bus station, killing five persons, including one Romanian and two Chinese, and wounding 38 others, including one Romanian. The Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.

22 July India

In Sumber, Kashmir, armed militants killed three persons, all members of the Village Defense Committee. No one claimed responsibility.

24 July India

In Rajouri, Kashmir, a grenade exploded in a crowded marketplace, killing one person and injuring 27 others. No one claimed responsibility.

25 July India

In Batmaloo, Kashmir, militants threw a grenade into a crowded marketplace, injuring 15 persons. No one claimed responsibility.

31 July West Bank

In Jerusalem, a bomb hidden in a bag that was placed on a table in the Frank Sinatra International Student Center, Hebrew University, detonated, killing nine persons including five US citizens and four Israeli citizens and wounding approximately 87 others including four US citizens, two Japanese citizens, and three South Korean citizens, according to media reports.The Islamic Resistance Movement (HAMAS) claimed responsibility.

4 August Israel

In Safed, a suicide bomber boarded a bus and detonated the explosive device he was wearing, killing nine persons, including two Philippine citizens, and injuring 50 others, including an unspecified number of military personnel returning from leave. HAMAS claimed responsibility.

5 August India

In Malik, Kashmir, a grenade was thrown into a crowded marketplace injuring 10 persons. No one claimed responsibility.

Pakistan

In Murree, gunmen attacked a Christian School attended by 146 children of missionaries from around the world, killing six persons—two security guards, a cook, a carpenter, a receptionist, and a private citizen—and injuring a Filipino citizen visiting her son. A group called al-Intigami al-Pakistani claimed responsibility.

6 August Colombia

In Cuanata, a bomb exploded on a segment of the Canadianowned Ocensa oil pipeline, causing oil spillage and environmental damage. The explosion forced the suspension of crude oil transport to the Port of Covenas. The FARC is responsible.

India

In Pahalgam, Kashmir, armed militants threw several grenades and then fired into a group of Hindu pilgrims, killing nine persons and injuring 32 others. The Lashkar-e-Tayyiba claimed responsibility.

13 August India

In Anantnag, Kashmir, a bomb exploded at a bus stop, killing one person and injuring 21 others. No one claimed responsibility.

20 August Germany

In Berlin, militants occupied the Iraqi Embassy, taking hostage six Iraqi nationals and injuring two persons. German police ended the five-hour siege and arrested the five militants. The Democratic Iraqi Opposition is responsible.

25 August Afghanistan

In Kabul, a bomb exploded outside the United Nations main guesthouse, injuring two persons. There were 50 persons living at the guesthouse. No one claimed responsibility.

28 August Ecuador

In Guayaquil, a pamphlet bomb exploded at a McDonald’s restaurant, injuring three persons and causing major property damage. The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Ecuador is responsible.

31 August India

In Mahore, armed militants entered the private residence of a Revenue Department official who had been deployed on election duty, killing three persons. No one claimed responsibility.

3 September India

In Langet, Kashmir, armed militants attacked a political rally, killing three persons and injuring four others. No one claimed responsibility.

In Kishtwar, Kashmir, a bomb exploded near the downtown area, injuring 19 persons. The Hizb ul-Mujahedin is possibly responsible.

6 September Macedonia In Skopje, a bomb exploded in a restaurant, injuring two persons including one Turkish citizen. No one claimed responsibility.

8 September India

In Dodasanpal, Kashmir, armed militants killed five persons and injured one other. No one claimed responsibility.

11 September India

In Dhamhal Hanjipora, Kashmir, militants hurled a grenade at the private residence of the Minister of Tourism, injuring four persons inside. No one claimed responsibility.

In Tikipora, Kashmir, armed militants killed the Law Minister and six security guards escorting him while he was out campaigning.Three different groups claimed responsibility: Lashkar-e-Tayyiba, Jamiat ul-Mujahedin, and Hizb ul-Mujahedin.

15 September India

In Dhamhal Hanjipora, Kashmir, armed militants fired on then threw an improvised explosive device at the motorcade carrying the Minister of Tourism, killing a police officer and injuring two others. The Minister of Tourism escaped unharmed. No one claimed responsibility.

17 September India

In Srinagar, Kashmir, armed militants shot and injured the leading editor of the Urdu Daily Srinagar Times at his private residence. No one claimed responsibility. In Srinagar, militants lobbed a grenade at the office of a local political party, injuring a security guard. No one claimed responsibility.

18 September West Bank

In Yahad, gunmen ambushed and overturned a vehicle on the Mevo Dotan-Hermesh Road, killing one person, an Israeli, and wounding a Romanian worker. The Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades claimed responsibility.

19 September Israel

In Tel Aviv, a suicide bomber boarded a bus and detonated the explosive device concealed in his backpack, killing five Israelis and one UK citizen and wounding 52 others, according to media and US Embassy reporting. HAMAS claimed responsibility.

20 September India

In Jammu, Kashmir, armed militants killed a senior National Conference Party worker in his home. No one claimed responsibility.

In Srinagar, Kashmir, armed militants opposed to Indian held elections, killed a political activist of the ruling National Conference Party. A National Conference leader stated that the Hizb ul-Mujahedin may be responsible.

22 September India

In Shopian, Kashmir, armed militants threw grenades and then fired at the residence of the ruling National Conference legislator who was in residence at the time but was unharmed in the attack. No one claimed responsibility.

In Bandgam, Kashmir, armed militants shot and killed the Ruling Block president. No one claimed responsibility.

23 September India

In Bijbiara, Kashmir, militants hurled a grenade at a vehicle belonging to the Jammu and Kashmir’s Peoples Democratic Party.The grenade missed its target and exploded on the roadside, injuring eight persons. No one claimed responsibility.

India

In Sangam, Kashmir, armed militants attempted to hurl a grenade at a political rally, but it missed the intended victims, exploded near a group of private citizens and injured eight persons. No one claimed responsibility.

India

In Srinagar, Kashmir, militants hurled a grenade at an army vehicle but missed its target and exploded in a crowded marketplace, injuring 12 persons and two police officers. No one claimed responsibility.

27 September India

In Pulwama, Kashmir, a grenade exploded on the road, injuring 17 persons and five soldiers.The attack came right before India’s scheduled elections.

28 September India

In Devsar, Kashmir, a landmine exploded under a vehicle carrying a National Congress Party member and three other persons. The explosion killed the three passengers and injured the National Congress Party member. No one claimed responsibility.

29 September India

In Tral, Kashmir, militants threw a grenade at a bus station, killing one person and injuring 12 others, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

India

In Ganderbal, Kashmir, armed militants killed a political activist belonging to the ruling National Conference Party. No one claimed responsibility.

30 September India

In Manda Chowk, Kashmir, a timed device exploded on a bus carrying Hindu pilgrims, killing one person and injuring 18 others. No one claimed responsibility.

1 October India

In Kathu, Kashmir, militants hijacked a minivan, driving it into a utility pole near an open-air vegetable market.The gunmen fired grenades at the minivan, killing all nine passengers. The Al-Arifeen, an offshoot group of the Lashkar-e-Tayyiba, claimed responsibility.

2 October India

In Haihama, Kashmir, armed militants killed three political activists working with India’s ruling National Conference Party. The Al-Arifeen, an offshoot group of the Lashkar-e-Tayyaiba, claimed responsibility.

6 October Yemen

In al-Dhabbah, a small boat carrying a large amount of explosives rammed the hull of the French oil tanker Limburg as it was anchored approximately 5 miles from port.The attack killed one person and wounded four others. Al-Qaida is probably responsible.

8 October India

In Doda, Kashmir, armed militants hurled grenades and then fired into a polling station, causing no injuries. No one claimed responsibility.

India

In Kashmir, militants attempted to throw a grenade at a security patrol, but the grenade missed the target and exploded in a crowded marketplace, injuring 14 persons. No one claimed responsibility.

Kuwait

On Failaka Island, gunmen attacked US soldiers while they were conducting a non-live-fire exercise, killing one US Marine and wounding one other. Al-Qaida claimed responsibility.

12 October Indonesia

In Manado, a bomb exploded near the Philippine Consulate, damaging the front gate and breaking several windows. No one claimed responsibility.

Indonesia

In Bali, a car bomb exploded outside the Sari Club Discotheque on Legian Street, a busy tourist area filled with nightclubs, cafes, and bars, killing at least 187 international tourists and injuring about 300 others.The resulting fire also destroyed the nearby Padi Club and Panin Bank and other buildings and cars. Al-Qaida claimed responsibility for this attack.

20 October India

In Onagam, armed militants killed three persons and injured two others near a mosque. No one claimed responsibility.

23 October Russia

In Moscow, 50 armed Chechen rebels took control of the Palace of Culture Theater to demand an end to the war in Chechnya.The theater was rigged with landmines and explosive devices to control hostages and promote leverage with Russian authorities.The rebels held more than 800 hostages including foreign nationals from the United Kingdom, France, Belarus, Germany, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Bulgaria, Netherlands, Ukraine, Israel, Austria, United States, and two permanent residents of the United States. During the threeday siege, rebels killed one Russian police officer and five Russian hostages.

On 26 October, the third day of the siege, Russian Special Forces administered the anesthetic gas fentanyl through the ventilation system. Commandos stormed the theater and killed all of the Chechen rebels after a brief gun battle. In the rescue attempt, 124 hostages died including citizens from Russia (115), United States (1), Azerbaijan (1), Netherlands (1), Ukraine (2), Armenia (1), Austria (1), Kazakhstan (1), and Belarus (1). Chechen rebels led by Movsar Barayev claimed responsibility.

25 October Russia

In Moscow, an explosive device described as a shrapnel-filled artillery shell equivalent to five kilograms of TNT exploded in an automobile parked in a McDonald’s parking lot, killing one person and injuring eight others. The explosion caused major damage to the restaurant. The explosive device was similar to the type commonly used in Chechnya. Russian authorities arrested a Chechen male in connection with the explosion. No one claimed responsibility.

28 October Jordan

In Amman, press reports stated that gunmen shot and killed a US diplomat, the senior administrator at the US Agency for International Development (USAID). The Honest People of Jordan claimed responsibility.

18 November Turkey

In Istanbul, an Israeli Arab attempted to hijack El Al Flight 581, 15 minutes before landing. The passenger ran toward the cockpit, attacked the stewardess with a penknife, and demanded that she open the cockpit door. Security guards simultaneously overpowered the man and took him into custody. Shin Bet stated that his actions were nationalistically motivated. No one claimed responsibility.

21 November Israel

In Jerusalem, a suicide bomber entered a bus on Mexico Street near Kiryat Menachem and detonated the explosive device he was wearing, killing 11 persons including a Romanian citizen and wounding 50 others, according to media and US Consulate reports. HAMAS claimed responsibility.

Kuwait

In Kuwait City, a Kuwaiti police officer stopped and shot two US soldiers driving a rental car, wounding both, according to media and US Embassy reports.The military personnel were both in uniform and armed but did not return fire. No group claimed responsibility.

Lebanon

In Sidon, a gunman shot and killed a US citizen who was an office manager/nurse for a church-run health facility, according to media and US Embassy reports. The female victim, married to a citizen of the United Kingdom, was shot as she entered the facility. An Asbat al-Ansar-linked extremist is probably responsible.

24 November India

In Jammu, Kashmir, armed militants attacked the Reghunath and Shiv temples, killing 13 persons and wounding 50 others. The Lashkar-e-Tayyiba claimed responsibility for this attack.

28 November Kenya

In Mombasa, a vehicle containing three suicide bombers drove into the front of the Paradise Hotel and exploded, killing 15 persons including three Israelis and 12 Kenyans and wounding 40 others including 18 Israelis and 22 Kenyans. Al-Qaida, the Government of Universal Palestine in Exile, and the Army of Palestine claimed responsibility. Al-Ittihad al-Islami (AIAI) is probably linked to the attack.

Kenya

In Mombasa, two SA-7 Strela antiaircraft missiles were launched but missed downing a Arkia Boeing 757 taking off from Mombasa enroute to Israel.The aircraft carried 261 passengers and continued its flight. Al-Qaida, the Government of Universal Palestine in Exile, and the Army of Palestine claimed responsibility. AIAI is probably linked to the attack according to reports.

30 November India

In Awantipora, Kashmir, a grenade exploded, injuring four persons. No one claimed responsibility. In Srinagar, Kashmir, a bomb exploded near a police vehicle, injuring seven persons. No one claimed responsibility.

4 December India

In Srinagar, Kashmir, authorities safely defused a bomb found at a bus station. No one claimed responsibility.

5 December Pakistan

In Karachi, a bomb exploded at the Macedonia Consulate destroying the consulate building. When the authorities searched through the debris, they found three local workers with their throats slit. No one claimed responsibility.

6 December India

In Rajpora Chowk, Kashmir, militants threw a grenade toward a vehicle carrying several military officers, but it missed its mark and landed near a group of private citizens, injuring eight persons. No one claimed responsibility.

India

In Damhal Hanjipora, Kashmir, militants threw a grenade and fired shots at the private residence of a former minister. The Lashkar-e-Tayyiba probably is responsible. In Pulwama, Kashmir, armed militants killed the brother of the recently slain Law Minister outside his private residence.The militants threw a grenade then fired shots at him. The Lashkar-e-Tayyiba claimed responsibility in a communique to a local television station.

India

In Bombay, a bomb exploded at a local McDonald’s restaurant located in a busy rail station mall, injuring 23 persons. The bomb consisted of gunpowder, nails, and iron balls and followed a bomb attack on 6 December at a McDonald’s outlet in the Indonesian city of Makassar. No one claimed responsibility.

Indonesia

In Makassar, a bomb exploded in a McDonald’s restaurant, killing three persons, injuring 11 others, and causing major damage to the restaurant. No one claimed responsibility though police are focusing on a hardline Islamic group, Laskar Jundullah.

18 December India

In Yaripora, Kashmir, militants lobbed a handgrenade at a parked military vehicle, but it missed its target and landed near a group of private citizens, injuring 15 persons, three military personnel, and causing major damage to the military vehicle. No one claimed responsibility.

20 December India

In Kashmir, armed militants killed a newly elected state legislator. No one claimed responsibility.

24 December Pakistan

In Islamabad, authorities safely dismantled several grenades and about 30 rounds of ammunition, which had been placed in a bag near a church where local and Western worshippers were to gather for Christmas services. An anonymous phone call to the local authorities had warned that a bomb had been placed near the church. No one claimed responsibility.

26 December Philippines

In Zamboanga del Norte, armed militants ambushed a bus carrying Filipino workers employed by a local Canadian mining company, killing 13 persons and injuring 10 others. Police said that the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) had been extorting money from the workers’ employer, the Calgary-based mining firm Toronto Ventures Inc. Pacific.The Catholic charity Caritas-Philippines said that the Canadian mining company has been harassing tribesmen opposed to mining operations on their ancestral lands. Authorities have accused the MILF of carrying out the attack.

27 December Chechnya

In Grozny, suicide bombers drove two trucks packed with explosives to the headquarters of Chechnya’s pro-Moscow government building and detonated them, killing 72 persons and wounding 210 others. Chechen officials believe the explosives had the force of one ton of TNT and left a 20-foot-wide crater.The explosions destroyed the government building and caused extensive damage to surrounding government facilities. The Kavkaz Center, which operates a Chechen Web site, reported that Chechen shaheeds (martyrs) were responsible.

30 December Yemen

In Jibla, a gunman entered a Baptist missionary hospital, killing three persons and wounding one other, all US citizens. The gunman is believed to have acted alone. He admitted, however, to being affiliated with the Islah party.

2003

5 January India In Kulgam, Kashmir, a hand grenade exploded at a bus station injuring 40 persons: 36 private citizens and four security personnel, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

Pakistan

In Peshawar, armed terrorists fired on the residence of an Afghan diplomat, injuring a guard, according to press reports. The diplomat was not in his residence at the time of the incident. No one claimed responsibility.

Israel

In Tel Aviv, two suicide bombers attacked simultaneously, killing 23 persons including: 15 Israelis, two Romanians, one Ghanaian, one Bulgarian, three Chinese, and one Ukrainian and wounding 107 others—nationalities not specified—according to press reports.The attack took place in the vicinity of the old central bus station where foreign national workers live. The detonations took place within seconds of each other and were approximately 600 feet apart, in a pedestrian mall and in front of a bus stop.The al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade was responsible.

12 January Pakistan

In Hyderabad, authorities safely defused a bomb placed in a toilet of a Kentucky Fried Chicken restaurant, according to press reports. Two bomb explosions in Hyderabad in recent months have killed a total of four persons and injured 33 others, all Pakistanis. No one has claimed responsibility.

21 January Kuwait

In Kuwait City, a gunman ambushed a vehicle at the intersection of al-Judayliyat and Adu Dhabi, killing one US citizen and wounding another US citizen. The victims were civilian contractors working for the US military. The incident took place close to Camp Doha, an installation housing approximately 17,000 US troops. On 23-24 January, a 20-year-old Kuwaiti civil servant, Sami al-Mutayri, was apprehended attempting to cross the border from Kuwait to Saudi Arabia.Al-Mutayri confessed to the attack and stated that he embraces al-Qaida ideology and implements Usama Bin Ladin’s instructions although there is no evidence of an organizational link.The assailant acted alone but had assistance in planning the ambush. No group has claimed responsibility.

22 January Colombia

In Arauquita, military officials reported either the National Liberation Army (ELN) or the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) terrorists bombed a section of the Cano Limon-Covenas oil pipeline, causing an unknown amount of damage. The pipeline is owned by US and Colombian oil companies.

24 January Colombia

In Tame, rebels kidnapped two journalists working for the Los Angeles Times, one was a British reporter and the other a US photographer. The ELN is responsible. The two journalists were released unharmed on 1 February 2003.

27 January Afghanistan

In Nangarhar, two security officers escorting several United Nations vehicles were killed when armed terrorists attacked their convoy, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

31 January India

In Srinagar, Kashmir, armed terrorists killed a local journalist when they entered his office, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

1 February Turkey

In Istanbul, press reports stated that a time bomb had been discovered in a McDonald’s restaurant. The cleaning man spotted the explosive device by identifying the timer and cables attached to the box located under a table.The authorities were notified immediately, and police experts defused it. No casualties were reported, and no one claimed responsibility.

5 February Saudi Arabia

In Riyadh, television reports stated that three gunmen fired on a UK citizen as he was traveling from work to home. Five bullets were fired at the vehicle, but the employee of British Airways was not injured except for possible superficial wounds from broken glass. No one claimed responsibility.

6 February Colombia

In Arauquita, military officials reported either ELN or FARC terrorists bombed a section of the Cano Limon-Covenas oil pipeline, causing an unknown amount of oil to spill. The pipeline is owned by US and Colombian oil companies.

13 February Colombia

In Bogota, a Southern Command-owned airplane carrying five crew and five passengers—four US citizens and one Colombian—crashed in the jungle. All five passengers survived the crash—two of the crewmembers were injured.Terrorists later killed a Colombian army officer and a US citizen, while three other US citizens are missing, according to press reports. FARC claims they are holding the three missing persons. On 31 March, press reports stated that the three missing US citizens were still captives of FARC.There are upward of 4,500 individuals involved in nonstop, US-financed search efforts. On 22 April, press reports identified the three missing US citizens: Keith Stansell, Marc D. Gonsalves, and Thomas R. Howes—civilians doing drug surveillance for the Department of Defense.

United Kingdom

In London, press reports stated that a person arriving on a British Airways flight was arrested for concealing a live hand hand grenade in his luggage. The man, a Venezuelan of Bangladeshi origin, was arrested under the Terrorism Act by officers from Sussex Police and later charged by authorities. The flight BA 2048 from Bogota, Colombia, with a stop in Caracas,Venezuela, landed at Gatwick Airport.The discovery caused the closure of the North Terminal for approximately two hours. No one claimed responsibility.

15 February Colombia

In Saravena, military officials reported either ELN or FARC terrorists bombed a section of the Cano Limon-Covenas oil pipeline, causing an unknown amount of damage. The pipeline is owned by US and Colombian oil companies.

20 February India

In Varmul, Kashmir, a landmine planted near a busy marketplace exploded, killing six persons and injuring three others, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

20 February Algeria

In the Sahara Desert, four Swiss citizens went missing while touring in a small group without a guide, according to Swiss Embassy and press reports.The tourists were later confirmed kidnapped by terrorist members of the Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat (GSPC). From mid-February to mid-May, the GSPC kidnapped a total of 32 European tourists—17 of whom were freed by Algerian forces in a rescue operation on 13 May.The Swiss tourists are still being held hostage.

Saudi Arabia

In Riyadh, a gunman ambushed a car at a stoplight, killing one person—a UK citizen employed by British Aerospace Engineering, according to press reports.The gunman—a Yemenborn naturalized Saudi who had recently traveled to Pakistan and named his youngest son Osama—was arrested by Saudi police. No group claimed responsibility.

22 February Algeria

In the Sahara Desert, four German citizens went missing while touring in a small group without a guide, according to German Embassy and press reporting. The tourists were later confirmed kidnapped by the GSPC. On 18 August in Gao, Mali, the last of the 14 hostages were released unharmed after German authorities paid $5 million ransom for their release to the GSPC leader.

Turkey

In Istanbul, press reports stated that two unidentified persons threw a bomb into a British Airways office shattering windows. No casualties were reported, and no one claimed responsibility.

25 February Saudi Arabia

In al-Dammam, an incendiary bomb was thrown at a McDonald’s restaurant, according to press reports.Two persons in a car approached the business; the passenger got out and hurled the bomb, which failed to explode.The passenger attempted—without success—to re-ignite the canister before he fled.The police arrested a person whose clothes contained the same substance as in the bomb and who was later identified by witnesses. No group claimed responsibility.

Venezuela

In Caracas, two bombs exploded within minutes of each other, injuring four persons—one Colombian and three Venezuelans—and damaging the Spanish and Colombian Embassies and other buildings nearby. No one claimed responsibility.

2 March Venezuela

In Maracaibo, a car bomb exploded damaging surrounding buildings, including a local office of the US oil company Chevron Texaco, according to press reports. The car bomb was composed of C-4 semtex, similar to that used in the detonations at the Spanish and Colombian Embassies the previous week. The explosion occurred outside the home of controversial cattle livestock producer, Antonio Melian. Mr. Melian is a leading activist in Zulia State, and he has been the center of opposition-government debate in the wake of the two-month nationwide labor-management stoppage that failed to bring down the Chavez Frias government. No one claimed responsibility.

4 March Philippines

In Davao, a bomb hidden in a backpack exploded in a crowded airline terminal killing 21 persons—including one US citizen—and injuring 146 others (including three US citizens), according to press reports. The Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) claimed responsibility.

5 March Israel

In Haifa, a suicide bomber boarded a bus on Moriya Boulevard in the Karmel neighborhood and detonated an explosive device, killing 15 persons—including one US citizen—and wounding 40 others, according to press and US Embassy reports. The Islamic Resistance Movement (HAMAS) claimed responsibility.

7 March Israel

Two US citizens were killed when a Palestinian gunman opened fire on them as they were eating dinner in the settlement of Kiryat Arba.

9 March India

In Doda District, Kashmir, armed terrorists kidnapped and killed a private citizen, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

India

In Sogam, Kashmir, a bomb injured a student, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

11 March India

In Rajouri, Kashmir, a bomb exploded in a candy store, killing two persons and injuring four others, according to press reports. No group has claimed responsibility.

13 March India

In Rajouri, Kashmir, a bomb exploded on a bus parked at a terminal, killing four persons, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

16 March India

In Indh, Kashmir, armed terrorists attacked a police installation, killing nine police officers and two civilians and wounding eight police officers and one civilian, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

20 March Greece

In Kholargos, terrorists placed four gas canisters at the entrance to the Citibank and then set them on fire, causing minor damage. No one claimed responsibility.

21 March Norway

In Oslo, antiwar protesters threw a Molotov cocktail into a McDonald’s restaurant before opening time, causing limited damage. No one was hurt in the attack.

22 March Greece

In Koropi, a makeshift incendiary device exploded in an ATM outside a Citibank branch.The explosion and subsequent fire caused severe damage to the ATM. No one claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Sayed Sadiq, an Australian journalist/cameraman died instantly when a taxi raced up beside him and exploded. The journalist’s colleague, also an Australian on assignment for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation, suffered shrapnel wounds. At least eight other persons were injured in the bombing. Ansar al-Islam is believed to be responsible.

23 March Ecuador

In Guayaquil, a bomb exploded at the British Consulate. Although it did not cause serious damage or personal injury, the explosion left a hole in the ground, destroyed two windows and a bathroom, and damaged the building’s electrical control board.The People’s Revolutionary Militias group (MRP) sent an e-mail claiming responsibility for the attack.

24 March India

In Nadi Marg, Kashmir, armed terrorists dressed in military uniforms entered a village and killed 24 persons, according to press reports. No group claimed responsibility.

25 March Italy

During 25-26 March in Vicenza, terrorists firebombed three cars belonging to US service members. The Anti-Imperialist Territorial Nuclei (NTA), an extremist group believed to be close to the new Red Brigades, claimed responsibility for the attacks.

Lebanon

In Beirut, an explosive device weighing approximately 400 grams exploded on the US Embassy wall. No casualties were reported, but the building sustained light damage. No one claimed responsibility.

26 March India

In Narwal, Kashmir, a bomb placed inside the engine of an empty oil tanker parked outside a fuel storage area exploded and caught fire, killing one person and injuring six others, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

27 March Chile

In Santiago, antiwar protesters exploded a small bomb at a branch of the US-based Bank of Boston.The bomb smashed windows, destroyed an ATM, and caused minor damage to two adjacent stores. Police found a pamphlet at the site that said “death to the empire,” which they took as a reference to the United States. No one claimed responsibility.

28 March Afghanistan

In Tirin Kot, armed terrorists killed an El Salvadorian Red Cross worker while he was traveling with Afghan colleagues to check on water supplies, according to press reports. Although no one has claimed responsibility, the attack involved a group of 60 armed men, and the leader was instructed via telephone to kill only the Westerner in the captured group.

Italy

In Rome, unknown radicals firebombed a Ford-Jaguar dealership—the two brands taken as symbols of the US-UK Coalition that is fighting in Iraq. Approximately a dozen Fords were burned and another 10 damaged. A five-pointed star—a symbol of the Red Brigades, a group not known to plan firebomb attacks—was found at the site. No one has claimed responsibility.

29 March Greece

In Athens, an unknown assailant threw a hand grenade at a McDonald’s restaurant, causing significant material damage. Police stated that it was a British “mills” hand grenade. No one has claimed responsibility. 30 March Bosnia and Herzegovina In Sarajevo, Islamic terrorists placed a hand grenade with an anti-US message near a local Coca-Cola company. No one claimed responsibility.

India

In Punch, Kashmir, a bomb exploded in a field where a cricket match was being played, killing one person and injuring two others, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

31 March Cuba

In Havana, a man armed with two hand grenades hijacked a domestic airliner with 46 passengers and crew onboard in an attempt to reach the United States. After an emergency landing at Havana airport due to insufficient fuel, the plane remained on the runway all night. On 1 April, more than 20 passengers left the aircraft apparently unharmed.With at least 25 passengers on board, the hijacked plane departed Havana airport and safely landed in KeyWest, Florida.

Italy

In Bologna, IBM employees found an explosive device in a large bag and notified the police. The bomb squad found a “dangerous, though rudimentary” bomb. Antiterrorism investigators established a link between the modus operandi of this incident and an earlier bombing incident that took place in July 2001 in Bologna. An investigation is currently under way. No one has claimed responsibility.

Cyprus

In Nicosia, a 26-year-old man hurled a Molotov cocktail against the outside wall of the US Embassy. No damages were reported. Police arrested the man.

2 April Philippines

In Davao, a bomb exploded on a crowded passenger wharf, killing 16 persons and injuring 55 others, according to press reports.The attack may have been carried out by two Indonesian members of Jemaah Islamiya (JI), a regional terrorist group with links to al-Qaida. Two individuals were arrested for this attack: Ismael Acmad (a.k.a. Toto), the alleged planner, and an accomplice, Tahome Urong (a.k.a. Sermin Tohami)—members of the MILF. They told investigators they also were involved in the Davao Airport bombing, and JI provided funds. The ammonium nitrate explosive used in the wharf attack is similar to that purchased by JI operative, Father Rohman Ghozi, and seized by police in January 2002 shortly after Ghozi’s arrest by Philippine police. Several Indonesian members of JI have been spotted in terrorist training camps on the southern island of Mindanao.

3 April Turkey

In Istanbul, a “high pressure resonance bomb” detonated near a United Parcel Service (UPS) building, smashing the windows of a nearby pharmacy and olive-seller’s shop.The explosion caused minor damage to the wall surrounding the UPS building, as well as a transformer near the wall. No one claimed responsibility.

Turkey

In Istanbul, a bomb exploded at the British Consulate General causing considerable damage to the consulate and also blowing out windows of an adjacent hotel, leaving one Turkish hotel guest with minor cuts. Turkish police believe the bomb was a resonant device (sound bomb) of relatively crude construction.The terrorist group Marxist-Leninist Communist Party (MLK-P) is suspected although no one has claimed responsibility.

Algeria

In the Sahara Desert, eight Austrian tourists were kidnapped by terrorists while traveling in that region, according to press reports.The GSPC is probably responsible for the abduction. (See entry for 22 February for additional details.)

4 April Algeria

In the Sahara Desert, terrorists kidnapped 11 German tourists traveling in small groups without guides, bringing the total number of Germans abducted (up to this point) to 15. GSPC is believed responsible. (See entry for 22 February for additional details.)

5 April Lebanon

In Dowra, TNT placed in the trash receptacle of a McDonald’s restaurant men’s room exploded, wounding 10 persons and causing considerable damage to the restaurant, which is located 7 to 10 kilometers south of the US Embassy. Five to 10 seconds later, there was a minor explosion in a car adjacent to the restaurant building.The explosions were a partial detonation of a three-stage improvised explosive device of TNT, an unidentified quantity of C-4, and three gas-filled containers. No one claimed responsibility.

8 April Algeria

In the Sahara Desert, one Swede and one Dutch citizen were kidnapped, according to press reports. The GSPC is responsible. (See entry for 22 February for additional details.)

Jordan

In Amman, a US official with the diplomatic corps was slightly wounded when terrorists fired at him, according to press reports. The official had exited his hotel to use his cell phone when a car carrying three persons fired a shot barely missing the official, leaving only a superficial wound. No one claimed responsibility.

8 April Turkey

In Izmir, concussion hand grenades placed before the Bornova Court, Citibank, and the British Consulate exploded, causing material damage. No one was hurt in these attacks. The MLK-P was probably responsible for the attacks.

10 April India

In Kashmir, a bomb exploded in the famous Mughal Garden causing no damage, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

Germany

In Hamburg, unknown perpetrators set fire to a party bus for children in the parking lot of a McDonald’s restaurant and then set fire to a McDonald’s billboard. At both sites, fliers of a leftwing extremist group were found. The extent of material damage is not known. An investigation is under way.

11 April Algeria

In the Sahara Desert, two mountaineers disappeared, according to the Austrian Foreign Ministry. Approximately 30 individuals were abducted or disappeared in the same general area during a three-month period.The GSPC was believed responsible. Subsequently, everyone was released unharmed after a ransom was paid.

12 April Venezuela

In Caracas, a bomb made of C-4 exploded in the Organization of American States office. No one was injured, although the basement was significantly damaged. No one has claimed responsibility.

India

In Kulgam, terrorists threw a hand grenade at a police patrol and missed, injuring two private citizens standing near by, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

India

In Qazigund, terrorists threw a hand grenade at an army patrol, injuring two soldiers and 21 private citizens standing near by, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

India

In Qazigund-Anantnag, Kashmir, terrorists threw a hand grenade into a bus station, killing one person and injuring 20 others, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

13 April Philippines

In Siasi, armed terrorists kidnapped a Filipino-Chinese businesswoman on her way to the local mosque, according to press reports. She was last seen being taken to the island of Jolo, a stronghold of the Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG).

Pakistan

Near Charman, armed terrorists shot and killed two relatives of the governor of Kandahar, Afghanistan, and wounded one other as they were traveling by car to a local bazaar, according to press reports.The attacker was later caught by authorities and identified as a member of Fazlur Rahman’s Jui (Jamiat Ulema-e Islami).

14 April Afghanistan

In Yakatut, a missile fired at the US Embassy landed four kilometers away, failing to explode and causing no damage or injures, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

France

In Sergy, terrorists set fire to a car parked outside the rear entrance of a McDonald’s restaurant.The resulting fire partially destroyed the restaurant. No one has claimed responsibility.

15 April Turkey

In Istanbul, terrorists bombed two McDonald’s restaurants, partially collapsing a wall that injured a pedestrian.The Revolutionary People’s Liberation Front (DHKP-C) later claimed responsibility.

16 April Afghanistan

In Jalalabad, a bomb destroyed the UNICEF building, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

22 April India

In Gulshanpora Batagund, Kashmir, a bomb exploded in a dairy yard, killing six persons, injuring 12 others, and killing several cows, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

Argentina

In Avellaneda, a homemade bomb exploded in front of a Mc-Donald’s restaurant on Mitre Avenue and Berutti Street. Security officials found an iron tank about 30 centimeters long, as well as evidence of gunpowder. The explosion shattered the windows but did no interior damage. No injuries were reported, and no one claimed responsibility.

24 April Israel

In Kefar Saba, a security guard—a dual Israeli-Russan citizen—was killed and 11 others wounded when a lone suicide bomber blew himself up at the entrance to a busy train station, according to press reports.The al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade claimed responsibility.

25 April India

In Patan, Kashmir, a bomb exploded on the lawn of a courthouse, killing three persons and injuring 34 others, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

26 April India

In Kashmir, a landmine exploded near a site being inspected by the Finance Minister, injuring 11 persons, according to press reports.The Finance Minister was not injured. No one claimed responsibility.

30 April Israel

In Tel Aviv, two suicide bombers approached the entrance to a pub, Mike’s Place. One bomber successfully activated his bomb, killing three Israeli citizens and injuring 64 others—including one US citizen—according to press reports. The second bomber fled, unable to activate his bomb. His body was later found washed up on a Tel Aviv beach.The pub is located a few hundred yards from the US Embassy and is popular with foreigners. Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade claimed responsibility.

4 May Turkey

During the night in Adana, a series of five sound bombs exploded, resulting in minor material damage, but no casualties. A UPS office,Tommy Hilfiger store, local Turkish bank, the US Consulate, and the Nationalist Turkish Political Party headquarters were all targeted. No one claimed responsibility.

5 May India

In Duderhama, Kashmir, terrorists threw a hand grenade at a National Conference leader’s car, injuring the leader, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

India

In Doda, Kashmir, a bomb exploded at a bus stand, killing one person and injuring 25 others, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

6 May Colombia

German national Heiner Hansen was freed by his kidnappers—presumed to be FARC terrorists—according to press reports. Mr. Hansen was kidnapped near Buenaventura on 31 December 2002.

12 May Algeria

In the Sahara Desert, terrorists kidnapped a German tourist—16 Germans have been abducted recently—according to press reports.The kidnapping possibly took place in April or early May. The GSPC is probably responsible for the abduction. (See entry for 22 February for additional details.)

Saudi Arabia

In Riyadh, suicide bombers driving cars boobytrapped with explosives drove into the guarded Vinnell housing complex, killing eight US citizens and one Saudi, according to press reports. Al-Qaida is probably responsible.

Saudi Arabia

In Riyadh, suicide bombers driving cars boobytrapped with explosives drove into the Al-Hamra complex, killing one US citizen, two Jordanians, four Saudis, two Filipinos, one Lebanese, and one Swiss, and injuring 194 others, according to press reports. Al-Qaida is probably responsible.

Saudi Arabia

In Riyadh, suicide bombers driving cars boobytrapped with explosives drove into the guarded Jedawal compound housing international workers, killing two Saudis, according to press reports. Al-Qaida is probably responsible.

15 May Pakistan

In Karachi, 19 small bombs exploded at Shell stations; an Anglo-Dutch-owned company; and at two Caltex petrol stations, a subsidiary of US giant Caltex, injuring seven persons, according to press reports. The small bombs—firecrackers fitted with timing devices—were packed into boxes placed in garbage bins and appeared aimed to scare. The group Muslim United Army claimed responsibility in a faxed letter to the newspaper, Dawn.

16 May Morocco

In Casablanca, one of five near-simultaneous bombs exploded in the street outside the Belgium Consulate and next to a Jewish-owned restaurant, killing two police officers and injuring another, according to press reports. The restaurant, Positano, could have been the target. A Positano employee said a colleague stopped three suspects as they entered the restaurant. One of the suspects fled, and the other two died in the blasts. Belgian security cameras showed the bombers tried but failed to enter the restaurant. Belgian officials, including Foreign Minister Louis Michel, said the restaurant was probably the target. According to press reports, about 14 persons (ages 18-22) took part in the five attacks, killing a total of 42 persons and injuring at least 100. Several of those arrested were cooperating with police. According to press reports, the group al-Sirat al Mustaqim—with possible links to al-Qaida—is responsible.

Morocco

In Casablanca, one of five near-simultaneous bombs exploded at the Casa De Espana restaurant nightclub, killing approximately 42 persons, including three Spaniards and one Italian, according to press reports. (See above entry for details.)

19 May India

In Rajauri, Kashmir, armed terrorists fired into a private residence, killing six persons, according to press reports. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Srinagar, Kashmir, two bombs exploded at Kashmir’s busiest bus terminal, injuring 14 persons, according to press reports. No group claimed responsibility.

Israel

In the French Hill Intersection, Northern Jerusalem, a suicide bomber dressed as an Orthodox Jew and wearing a prayer shawl boarded a commuter bus, detonated the bombs attached to himself and killed seven persons and injured 26 others according to press reports. One of those injured was a US citizen. Izz al-Din al-Qassam Brigades, the military wing of HAMAS, claimed responsibility.

24 May

Afghanistan In Haska Meyna, three persons working for a nongovernmental organization (NGO) were injured when their vehicle hit a remote-controlled landmine, according to press reports. No group claimed responsibility.

27 May Colombia

In Guamalito, military officials reported either ELN or FARC terrorists bombed a section of the Cano Limon-Covenas oil pipeline, spilling 7,000 barrels of crude oil into the Cimitarra creek, a major source of drinking water for more than 5,000 people and causing extensive environmental damage. The pipeline is owned by Colombian and US oil companies.

30 May Colombia

In Guamalito, terrorists attacked a section of the Cano Limon-Covenas oil pipeline, spilling nearly 7,000 barrels of crude oil and leaving about 4,700 families without drinking water.This pipeline is jointly owned by Ecopetrol of Colombia and a consortium of US and West European companies. No group claimed responsibility, although both FARC and ELN terrorists have attacked this pipeline previously. 31 May India

In Khudwani, Kashmir, a hand grenade exploded, injuring 11 persons and two police officers, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

1 June India

In Jammu, Kashmir, terrorists set fire to a private residence and exchanged gunfire with police while leaving the scene, killing four persons in the crossfire, according to press reports. The terrorists escaped. No one claimed responsibility.

Afghanistan

In Kandahar, a bomb exploded at a German NGO office, Deutsche Fuer Technische Zusammenarbeit, causing minor damage to the building, according to press reports. The building was closed on the weekend so there were no injuries. Al-Qaida possibly is responsible.

4 June Belgium

In Brussels, letters containing the nerve agent adamsite were sent to the US, British, and Saudi Embassies; the government of Prime Minister Guy Verhofstadt; the Court of Brussels; a Belgian ministry; the Oostende airport; and the Antwerp port authority, according to press reports. After exposure to the substance, at least two postal workers and five policemen were hospitalized with skin irritation, eye irritation, and breathing difficulty. In Oostende, three persons exposed to the tainted letter were hospitalized. Belgium police suspected a 45-year-old Iraqi political refugee opposed to the US war in Iraq. On 5 June, police searched his residence and confiscated a document and a plastic bag containing some powder. The antiterrorism investigators also suffered skin irritation, eye irritation, and breathing difficulty.The Iraqi was charged with premeditated assault.

7 June Afghanistan

In Kabul, a taxi rigged with explosives rammed into a bus carrying German peacekeepers of the International Security Assistance Force, killing five German peacekeepers and injuring 29 others, according to press reports.The US-funded police school located about 300 feet from the explosion lost 13 windows. No one claimed responsibility, but authorities blame al-Qaida.

8 June Somalia

In Mogadishu, an armed militia group fired on a car carrying a US freelance journalist, his driver, and his interpreter, slightly wounding the journalist, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

9 June Peru

In Lima, approximately 60 Shining Path terrorists kidnapped 71 workers employed by Techint Group, an Argentine company building a natural gas pipeline in southeastern Peru.The kidnapped group consisted of 64 Peruvians, four Colombians, two Argentines, and a Chilean. A rescue operation freed all the hostages on 11 June, but the terrorists escaped.

11 June Israel

Near Jerusalem, two US citizens were killed in a bus bombing near Klal Center on Jaffa Road.

Turkey

In Adana, 33-year-old Cumali Kizilgoca threw two hand grenades into the US Consulate garden and was detained. One of the hand grenades did not explode and was later detonated by the police. No one was injured. Kizilgoca attacked the consulate in retaliation for the recent assassination attempt by Israel on a HAMAS leader, according to press reports.

12 June Greece

In Thessalonika, unidentified culprits entered the front lobby of the US-owned Citibank, doused the ATM in a flammable liquid, placed a gas canister in it, and set it on fire, according to press reports. The explosion destroyed the ATM and caused extensive damage to the lobby and office equipment.

17 June Italy

In Rome, a bomb exploded in front of the Spanish school Cervantes, damaging the school and a few cars within a 20-meter radius. Authorities speculate that the device contained approximately 500 grams of chlorite-and nitrate-based explosives. No one claimed responsibility, but investigators believe whoever placed the device was experienced with explosives and was probably connected to an Italian anarchist group aligned with Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA). Similar devices have been used in past attacks and have been linked to Italian anarchists supporting the ETA.

17 June India

In Shopian, Kashmir, a bomb exploded outside a store selling chickens, injuring five persons, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

India

In Kashmir, armed terrorists entered a private residence, killing the son of a Muslim politician, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

18 June France

In Yvelines, members of the Corsican National Liberation Front activated explosive charges during the early morning hours, seriously damaging two French villas and a British housing company, according to press reports. The houses were unoccupied, and nobody was injured.

20 June West Bank

One US citizen was killed in a shooting attack near the settlement of Ofra.

India

In Srinagar, Kashmir, a bomb exploded at a crowded market, injuring 16 persons, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility. In Charar-i-Sharif, Kashmir, a hand grenade hurled at a police station injured two officers inside, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

23 June India

In Pulwama, Kashmir, a hand grenade thrown at a military vehicle missed its intended target, killing two persons and wounding 48 others standing near by, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

27 June Kenya

In Mandera, armed terrorists using hand grenades killed one person and seriously injured four others, including a doctor from the Netherlands working with “Doctors Without Frontiers,” according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

28 June Gaza Strip

In Bayt Lahiyah, several bombs exploded near a US Embassy car, according to press reports. The bombs were apparently aimed at a diplomatic-plated vehicle belonging to the US Consulate since the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) were not operating in the area.

30 June Israel

In Yabed, Northern Israel, a Bulgarian construction worker was killed when his truck came under fire, according to press reports.The al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade claimed responsibility.

3 July Colombia

In Caldono, armed terrorists kidnapped five persons, including a Swiss citizen working for the NGO, Hands of Colombia Foundation, according to press reports. FARC claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Baghdad, terrorists killed a British journalist outside the Iraq National Museum, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

4 July India

In Larnu, Kashmir, terrorists killed two persons—a school teacher and a private citizen—and wounded 20 others, including the rural development minister of Jammu-Kashmir, two government officials, two police officers, and 15 others when they opened fired and threw several hand grenades into a meeting between the minister and health officials, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

8 July Afghanistan

In Kabul, terrorists attacked the Pakistani Embassy, destroying computers and telephones, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

9 July India

In Aram Mohalla Shopian, Kashmir, terrorists threw a hand grenade toward a security patrol party. The hand grenade missed its intended target and exploded on the roadside, injuring three persons, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

11 July Greece

In Athens, authorities safely dismantled a bomb in an office building near a branch of the American Life Insurance Company, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility, but the device was similar to others produced by the Revolutionary Nuclei and Revolutionary People’s Struggle (ELA) terrorists groups.

13 July Greece

In Athens, three Molotov cocktails were thrown at a branch office of the Eurobank, causing minor damage, according to US Embassy reporting. No one claimed responsibility.

14 July Afghanistan

In Jalalabad, a bomb exploded near the offices of the United Nations Human Rights Commission (UNHRC), causing major damage to two buildings, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

16 July Colombia

In La Pesquera, military officials reported either ELN or FARC terrorists bombed a section of the Cano Limon-Covenas oil pipeline at the KM 07 and 02N intersection,causing an unknown amount of damage. The pipeline is owned by US and Colombian oil companies.

Colombia

In La Pesquera, military officials reported either ELN or FARC terrorists bombed a section of the Cano Limon-Covenas oil pipeline at the KM 71 and 26 W intersection, causing an unknown amount of damage. The pipeline is owned by US and Colombian oil companies.

21 July India

In Jammu, Kashmir, two hand grenades exploded at a crowded community kitchen, killing seven persons and injuring 42 others, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

23 July Sri Lanka

In Valachchenai, terrorists stoned a vehicle carrying two Scandinavians working as truce monitors, according to press reports.The truce monitors were not injured, but the car was damaged. No one claimed responsibility.

2 August Iraq

In Baghdad, a vehicle bomb exploded in front of the Jordanian Embassy, killing 19 persons, injuring 50 others, and damaging the outside facade of the embassy, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

4 August India

In Mahore Tehsil, Kashmir, armed terrorists shot and killed an educator attending a marriage function, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility

5 August India

In Dhar Galoon, Kashmir, two persons were injured by mortar shelling, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

India

In Katjidhok, Kashmir, armed terrorists shot and killed one person, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Tikrit, a US contractor for Kellogg Brown and Root was killed when his car ran over an improvised explosive device, according to press reports.He was under military escort when the explosion occurred. No group claimed responsibility.

Indonesia

In Jakarta, a car bomb exploded in the front of the Marriott Hotel during lunchtime rush hour, killing 13 persons and injuring 149 others, according to press reports. The adjoining office block was set on fire, with several cars burning in the hotel’s front driveway and hotel windows shattered up to the 21st floor. Al-Qaida claimed responsibility.

10 August Eritrea

In Adobha, armed terrorists attacked a vehicle carrying Eritrean passengers working for the US charity, Mercy Corps, killing two persons and injuring three others, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

13 August India

In Bandipora, Kashmir, a bomb attached to a bicycle exploded outside the State Bank of India, injuring 31 persons, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

15 August India

In Pakherpora, Kashmir, a hand grenade thrown at a police patrol missed its target, landing in a crowd of bystanders and exploded, injuring 18 persons, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

19 August Iraq

In Baghdad, a truck entered the driveway of the Marriott Hotel, the headquarters of the UNHCR, and was stopped by a security guard. The truck exploded, killing 23 persons—including the director of the UNHCR and three US citizens—injuring 100 others, and badly damaging several stories of the Marriott Hotel and other buildings almost a mile away, according to press reports. The arrested suspects admitted that the bomb was to have been detonated in the hotel lobby by a suicide bomber where a meeting of US officials was taking place. Al-Qaida is probably responsible.

Israel

In Jerusalem, a suicide bomber riding a bus detonated his explosives, killing 20 persons—five of whom were US citizens—and injuring 140 others, according to press reports. HAMAS claimed responsibility.

Serbia

In Bujanova, unidentified persons threw two hand grenades into the courtyard of a house belonging to Ramiz Ramizi—an ethnic Albanian—wounding his 8-year-old grandson and four other members of his family, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

6 September India

In Srinagar, Kashmir, a bomb exploded in a busy marketplace, killing six persons and injuring 37 others, including an Indian army officer, according to press reports. Police believe the intended target of the blast was the army officer. No one claimed responsibility.

8 September Afghanistan

Near Moqor, armed terrorists killed four Danish members working for the NGO Danish Committee For Aid To Afghan Refugees assisting local Afghanis on an irrigation project, according to press reports.The Taliban is probably responsible.

9 September Israel

In Jerusalem, eight persons were killed—including two US citizens—and 30 others wounded when a suicide bomber blew himself up on the hitchhiking stop near the Asaf Harofe Hospital, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

India

In Sopat, Kashmir, armed terrorists shot and killed a former state forest minister, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

Iran

In Tehran, armed terrorists fired three to four shots at the British Embassy, causing no damage or injuries, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

11 September India

In Srinagar, Kashmir, a hand grenade was thrown at a military bunker house, missing its target, killing one private citizen and injuring 14 others standing near by, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

14 September Colombia

In Tayrona National Park, armed terrorists attacked several cabins, kidnapping eight foreign nationals—four Israelis, two Britons, a German, and a Spaniard—according to press reports. On 25 September, one of the two Britons escaped safely from the kidnappers. ELN has claimed responsibility for this attack. On 24 November, the German and Spanish nationals were released.

15 September Iran

In Tehran, shots were fired at the British Embassy, causing no injuries, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

19 September Afghanistan

In Ghazni, four rockets were fired at a facility housing Turkish road workers and equipment, causing no injuries or damage, according to press reports. The Taliban is probably responsible.

22 September Iraq

In Baghdad, a vehicle bomb exploded near the UN Headquarters, killing a guard and injuring 18 others; the building was not damaged, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

25 September Iraq

In Baghdad, a bomb exploded at the news bureau of US broadcaster NBC, killing one person and injuring one other, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

30 September India

In Gagran, Kashmir, a hand grenade thrown at a police patrol exploded, injuring six police officers and 14 civilians, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

2 October Malaysia

In Sabah, armed terrorists kidnapped six persons—three Indonesians, two Filipinos, and a Malaysian—from a resort area; one escaped and five were found executed on 29 October in Languyan, Philippines, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility. ASG is probably responsible.

5 October Afghanistan

In Kabul, a bomb exploded next to the offices of the international aid agencies, Oxfam and Save the Children, causing no casualties, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

Somalia

In Borama, armed terrorists shot and killed an Italian missionary in her private residence, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

9 October Iraq

In Baghdad, armed terrorists shot and killed a Spanish military attache at his private residence, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

14 October Iraq

In Baghdad, a suicide car bomb detonated near the Turkish Embassy, wounding one Turkish and one Iraqi employee, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

15 October India

In Lolab, Kashmir, a landmine triggered by rebels exploded in a forested area, injuring nine persons, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

Gaza Strip

In Gaza Strip, a US Embassy Tel Aviv motorcade was struck by an apparent roadside charge on Saladin Street, according to press reports. The blast destroyed the second car in the convoy, killing three persons and wounding one, all US citizens and contractors providing security for the United States in Israel and the Middle East.The Palestinian Revolutionary Committee initially claimed responsibility but later recanted its statement.

20 October India

In Doda, Kashmir, armed terrorists shot and killed two persons, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

India

In Anantnag, Kashmir, a hand grenade thrown at a security patrol missed its target and exploded in a busy market, killing one person and injuring seven others, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

26 October India

In Gagal, Kashmir, armed terrorists dressed in army uniforms hijacked a car, killing two of the occupants and injuring four others, according to press reports. No one has claimed responsibility.

26 October India

In Samba, Kashmir, a bomb exploded in the toilet of a coach car, causing no injuries but derailing five cars, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

India

In Bijbehara, Kashmir, a hand grenade thrown at a military convoy missed its target and exploded on the road, injuring 12 persons, including one police officer and an individual who worked in the office of the Indo-Tibetan border police, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Baghdad, rockets were fired at the al-Rashid hotel housing the US and Coalition forces, killing one US citizen, injuring 15 persons, and damaging the hotel, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

27 October Afghanistan

In Shkin, two US Government contract workers were killed in an ambush by armed terrorists, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

Iraq In Baghdad, a car bomb exploded inside the compound of the International Committee of the Red Cross headquarters, killing 12 persons and injuring 22 others, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

28 October India

In Lal Chowk, Kashmir, a bomb exploded at the customer billing counter in a telegraph office building, injuring 36 persons, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

29 October India

In Anatnag, Kashmir, a hand grenade thrown at a police patrol missed its target and exploded in a busy market, injuring 13 persons, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility.

11 November Afganistan

In Kandahar, a vehicle bomb exploded outside the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan offices, killing one person, injuring one other, and causing major material damage to the building, according to press reports.The Taliban or al-Qaida may be responsible.

Greece

In Athens, authorities neutralized an explosive device detected outside Athens Citibank Branch. An unidentified person phoned the Athens newspaper and announced a bomb was going to explode at the bank, according to press reports. The Organization Khristos Kassimis is probably responsible.

2004

1 January India

In Srinagar, Kashmir, India, a militant on a bicycle was carrying a bomb, which prematurely exploded, injuring six civilians. No group claimed responsibility.

2 January Columbia

Between Puerto Colon and San Miguel, Colombia, 11 bombs exploded at different points along the Trans-Andean Pipeline, suspending Colombia’s exports of petroleum.The bombs had been placed between the 20th and 29th kilometers of the pipeline. No group claimed responsibility, although local police blamed the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC).

India

In Kashmir, India, two armed militants opened fire at a Jammu railway station, killing four Indian security personnel and wounding 17 civilians.This attack occurred one day before the Indian Prime Minister was due to make his first visit to Pakistan in four years. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Bijbehara, Kashmir, India, militants threw a grenade at an army convoy, killing one soldier and one civilian and wounding eight other civilians.This attack occurred one day before the Indian Prime Minister was due to make his first visit to Pakistan in four years. No group claimed responsibility.

4 January Iraq

In Mosul, Iraq, an improvised explosive device exploded inside a taxicab, killing two Iraqis and wounding one Jordanian. It is unknown if the blast was premature or if the taxicab and its occupants were the intended targets. No group claimed responsibility.

5 January Bolivia

In Oruro, Bolivia, a bomb exploded at a building of the National Telecommunications Enterprise (Entel), a telecom company under the management of Italian Telecom, injuring two security guards and a civilian.The explosion also shattered almost all of the windows on the north side of the building and partially collapsed several walls. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

Near Falluja, Iraq, unknown attackers shot and killed two French nationals and wounded one other.The victims worked for a US company contracted to repair Iraqi infrastructure. No group claimed responsibility.

United Kingdom

In Manchester, England, anarchists sent a letter bomb to the office of Gary Titley, leader of the Labor Party’s members of the European Parliament.The device burst into flames when Titley’s secretary opened the package, and a fire spread throughout the office. There were no reported injuries. This was the sixth bomb sent from Italy to European Union officials throughout Western Europe. A group calling itself the Informal Anarchic Federation claimed responsibility.

6 January India

In Shopian, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants opened fire at a police patrol, killing one shopkeeper.This incident occurred as India and Pakistan resumed diplomatic talks. No group claimed responsibility.

9 January Inda

In Srinagar, Kashmir, India, an Islamic militant threw a grenade at a crowded mosque during prayers, missing the intended target and hitting the roof of a shop, killing two civilians and injuring 18 others. The attack occurred after India and Pakistan agreed to resume bilateral talks, and Islamabad pledged it would not allow its soil to be used for terrorism. No group claimed responsibility, but police blamed the United Jihad Council.

India

In the Kupwara District, Kashmir, India, armed militants beheaded a police officer. The attack occurred after India and Pakistan agreed to resume bilateral talks, and Islamabad pledged it would not allow its soil to be used for terrorism. No group claimed responsibility.

10 January India

In Baramulla District, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants shot and killed a Muslim couple in their home and then beheaded the husband’s body. No group claimed responsibility, but police blamed the United Jihad Council.

India

In Kupwara District, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants beheaded a police official. No group claimed responsibility, but police blamed the United Jihad Council.

11 January India

In Chanapora Village, Pulwama District, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants threw a grenade into a home, killing one villager and injuring one other. No group claimed responsibility, but police blamed the United Jihad Council.

12 January India

In the southern district of Anantnag, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants threw a grenade at a police patrol, killing one officer and a Muslim woman and wounding eight police officers and five civilians. No group claimed responsibility.

13 January India

In the Poonch District, Kashmir, India, armed militants shot and killed a Muslim village chief. No group claimed responsibility.

India

At Gagra Village, in the Gool area of the Udhampur District of Kashmir, India, armed militants opened fire on a police patrol, killing one police officer and injuring one other. No group claimed responsibility.

West Bank

Near the Jewish settlement of Talmon, outside Ramallah, West Bank, a Palestinian gunman opened fire on a car, killing one Israeli and injuring two others.The al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade claimed responsibility.

14 January Gaza Strip

In the Gaza Strip, a female Palestinian suicide bomber blew herself up at a major border crossing point between Israel and the Gaza Strip, killing four Israelis and wounding 10 others. HAMAS and the al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade claimed joint responsibility.

Iraq

Near Tikrit, Iraq, unidentified armed men attacked a contractor convoy, killing three contractors (1 US; 2 unknown) working for the United States and wounding one US soldier. No group claimed responsibility.

15 January India

In the Hyderpora suburb of Srinagar, Kashmir, India, armed militants detonated a car bomb as a paramilitary convoy passed, wounding seven soldiers.The Hizbul-Mujahedin and Al-Mansurian claimed joint responsibility.

India

In Tral, Kashmir, India, armed militants fired upon a police patrol, killing one officer. No group claimed responsibility.

17 January India

In Narwal-Lajoora, Pulwama, Kashmir, India, armed militants attacked a police patrol, killing two officers. Police forces returned fire, killing two of the attackers. No group claimed responsibility, but it is widely believed that Hizbul-Mujahedin was responsible.

West Bank

In Kiryat Arba, near Hebron,West Bank, gunmen entered the settlement, knocked on the door of a Jewish residence, and opened fire on the occupants, killing one Israeli and wounding two others. HAMAS claimed responsibility.

18 January Colombia

Near Arauquita, Colombia, attackers dynamited the Cano Limon-Covenas Pipeline in several spots near the Venezuela border. No group claimed responsibility, although oil company officials blamed the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC).

20 January India

In the Udhamput District, Kashmir, India, a land mine exploded, killing one police officer and wounding two others. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Arnia, Kashmir, India, a bomb exploded, injuring seven civilians. No group claimed responsibility.

21 January France

In Ghisonaccia, Corsica, France, militants detonated an explosive device outside a vacation home owned by a German national, destroying the home. On 28 January 2004, the National Front for the Liberation of Corsica (FLNC) claimed responsibility for this attack and seven other attacks against vacation homes between 29 November 2003 and 28 January

2004.

23 January India

In the Doda District, Kashmir, India, assailants threw a grenade at a security bunker near a bus stand, injuring five civilians and damaging nearby buses and a hotel. No group claimed responsibility.

24 January India

In Anantnag District, Kashmir, India, armed militants shot and killed a woman.The killing was one of several during the run-up to India’s independence celebration. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Hyderpora, Srinagar, Kashmir, India, armed militants shot and killed a Border Security Force officer.The killing was one of several during the run-up to India’s independence celebration. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Poonch District, Kashmir, India, armed militants shot and killed a teenage student. The killing was one of several during the run-up to India’s independence celebration. No group claimed responsibility.

25 January Iraq

In Ramadi, Iraq, unidentified militants shot and killed a Jordanian truck driver. No group claimed responsibility.

27 January India

In Shopian District, Kashmir, India, armed militants shot and killed a teenager.The killing was one of several that followed India’s independence celebration. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Kupwara District, Kashmir, India, armed militants invaded a home and began shooting killing one Muslim civilian and wounding another. The attack was one of several that followed India’s independence celebration. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Baramulla District, Kashmir, India, armed militants killed a Muslim woman.The killing was one of several that followed India’s independence celebration. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Doda District, Kashmir, lndia, armed militants killed a civilian. The killing was one of several that followed India’s independence celebration. No group claimed responsibility.

28 January Iraq

In Baghdad, Iraq, a car bomb exploded, killing four civilians including one South African, and wounding 17 others, including four South Africans.The blast also caused damage to the Shahine Hotel and destroyed a police station. No group claimed responsibility.

29 January Israel

In Jerusalem, Israel, a suicide bomber destroyed a bus near the Prime Minister’s residence, killing 11 civilians, including one Ethiopian, and injuring 30 civilians.The al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade and HAMAS claimed joint responsibility.

30 January Iraq

In Baghdad, Iraq, attackers fired two rocket-propelled grenades at the Dutch Embassy, causing a small fire, completely destroying one room, and badly damaging the rest of the building. No group claimed responsibility.

1 Febuary India

In Magam, Budgam District, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants threw a grenade at a crowded bus stand, injuring 11 people. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Irbil, Iraq, suicide bombers launched simultaneous attacks on the offices of the Kurdistan Democratic Party and the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan, killing 109 people and wounding 200 others. Among the dead were the region’s Deputy Prime Minister and a Turkish businessman. Ansar al-Sunna claimed responsibility.

2 February India

In Srinagar, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants shot at a deputy inspector general of police as he was leaving a mosque, killing him and wounding a civilian. The militants fired from close range with pistols fitted with silencers.The deputy inspector general was in charge of crime and railways in Kashmir.The Save Kashmir Movement claimed responsibility.

India

In Shopian, Pulwama District, Kashmir, India, armed militants threw a grenade at a border police patrol, wounding two officers. No group claimed responsibility.

4 February India

In Chewdara Village, Budgam District, Kashmir, India, armed militants invaded a home and shot and killed a Muslim couple and their neighbor. No group claimed responsibility.

5 February India

In Sakars, Anantnag District, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants detonated a bomb as an army vehicle passed, killing four soldiers and wounding three others. No group claimed responsibility.

6 February Russia

In Moscow, Russia, a suicide bomber attacked a subway car that had just departed Avtozavodskaya Station, killing 41 people (2 Armenian; 1 Moldovan) and injuring 230 others. No group claimed responsibility, but it is widely believed that the Karachayev Djamaat was responsible.

7 February India

In Shopian, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants threw a grenade into a crowd and began shooting, killing two civilians and wounding 25 civilians and three soldiers. No group claimed responsibility.

9 February Iraq

In Baghdad, Iraq, a mortar attack killed a former Fijian soldier employed by the London-based security company, Global Risk Strategies.This was the second former-Fijian soldier killed in Iraq. No group claimed responsibility.

14 February Iraq

Between Babil and Baghdad, Iraq, unidentified gunmen opened fire on a taxi, killing a Baptist minister from Rhode Island and wounding three other Baptist ministers from Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New York. No group claimed responsibility.

15 February India

In Qazigund, Anantnag, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants detonated a bomb in a market, injuring 14 soldiers and three civilians. The bomb was concealed in a handcart and exploded when an army convoy entered the area. Hizbul-Mujahedin claimed responsibility.

India

In Kawoosa, Budgam, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants shot and killed two men, including a Kashmir political party worker. No group claimed responsibility.

16 February India

In Srinagar, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants ambushed a political leader, killing him and a nearby police officer, and wounding another officer. The Save Kashmir Movement claimed responsibility.

India

In Goshabugh Village, Baramulla District, Kashmir, India Islamic militants attempted to storm a police station, killing one police officer. No group claimed responsibility, although it is widely believed that Hizbul-Mujahedin was responsible.

Iraq

In Baghdad, Iraq, unknown gunmen shot and killed an American Service Center employee in his driveway. No group claimed responsibility.

17 February India

In Aripanthan, Budgam, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants invaded the home of a political leader, killing him. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Srinagar, Kashmir, India, militants detonated a bomb, hidden inside a scooter parked along the Srinagar-Jammu national highway, damaging several vehicles.The Chief Minister of Kashmir, who was nearby, was not harmed. No group claimed responsibility.

20 February Greece

In Thessaloniki, Greece, a gas canister bomb exploded under a British diplomatic vehicle, causing a small fire that damaged the vehicle and another car parked nearby. A group calling itself the Indomitable Marxists claimed responsibility.

22 February Afghanistan

In Panjwai, Kandahar Province, Afghanistan, assailants opened fire on a helicopter belonging to Louis Berger Group Incorporated killing the Australian pilot and wounding three others (1 American; 1 British; 1 Afghan). The victims had been inspecting the construction of a health clinic in the town.The Taliban claimed responsibility.

Germany

In Hamburg, Germany, an unknown attacker threw a hand grenade backstage during a concert at Audimax Hall at Hamburg University, injuring two university security guards. Police indicated that the target of the attack was probably a Turkish-Kurdish singer performing at the concert. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Bugdam, Kashmir, India, armed militants shot and killed a political candidate. Al-Mansurian claimed responsibility.

Israel

In Jerusalem, Israel, two Palestinian suicide bombers blew themselves up on a crowded bus, killing eight people and wounding 62 others. The al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade claimed responsibility.

23 February India

In Tral, Kashmir, India, a bomb exploded, killing one Muslim teenager and wounding four others. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Iskandariya, Iraq, an improvised explosive device exploded as a US civilian vehicle passed, killing one US contractor and wounding three others. No group claimed responsibility.

27 February India

In Budgam, Kashmir, India, armed militants threw two grenades at a public official during a speech, killing a Muslim girl and injuring one police officer and three civilians. Jamiat ul-Mujahedin claimed responsibility.

India

In Manshward, Rajpora area Pulwama District, Kashmir, India, armed militants shot and killed the wife of a former counter-insurgent. No group claimed responsibility.

West Bank

In Eshkolot, West Bank, unknown gunmen attacked and killed an Israeli man and woman in their car. The al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade and the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) claimed joint responsibility.

28 February India

In Bijbehara, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants threw a grenade at a military convoy, injuring five soldiers and eight civilians. No group claimed responsibility.

29 February India

In Srinagar, Kashmir, India, armed militants fired four grenades at a security camp, missing their target and injuring eight civilians in a residential area. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Pulwama District, Kashmir, India, armed militants shot and killed two People’s Democratic Party’s workers. No group claimed responsibility.

1 March India

In Srinagar, Kashmir, India, armed militants threw a grenade at a police patrol, missing their target and injuring 14 civilians at a nearby intersection. Al-Mansurian claimed responsibility.

2 March India

In Gund Village, Kashmir, India, armed militants invaded a home and shot and killed an army cadet who had been on leave. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Parraypora, Srinagar, Kashmir, India, a bomb hidden inside a scooter exploded as a military convoy passed, injuring one soldier. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Karbala, Iraq, suicide bombers set off explosives as Shia Muslims were celebrating the Shia religious holiday, Ashura, killing 106 civilians, including 49 Iranians, and wounding 233 others. No group claimed responsibility, although Iraqi officials believe al-Qaida terrorists were responsible for this attack and a near-simultaneous bombing in Baghdad. US officials, however, point to Abu Mus’ab al-Zarqawi’s Jama’at al-Tawhid wa’al-Jihad group.

Iraq

In Baghdad, Iraq, three suicide bombers set off explosives at a shrine as Shia Muslims celebrated the Shia religious holiday, Ashura, killing 65 worshipers and wounding 320 others. No group claimed responsibility, although Iraqi officials believe al-Qaida terrorists were responsible for this attack and a near-simultaneous bombing in Karbala. US officials, however, point to Abu Mus’ab al-Zarqawi’s Jama’at al-Tawhid wa’al-Jihad group.

5 March Afghanistan

Near Shah Joy, Zabol Province, Afghanistan, assailants attacked a vehicle carrying subcontractors working for a US construction firm, killing two (1 Turkish; 1 Afghan) and kidnapping two (1 Turkish; 1 Afghan). On 26 June 2004, assailants released the Turkish and afghan captives. No group claimed responsibility, but it is widely believed that the Taliban was responsible.

9 March India

In Sringar, Kashmir, India, armed militants attacked a government information center building with grenades and small arms, wounding five soldiers. Al-Mansurian claimed responsibility.

India

In Budgam, Kashmir, India, a militant threw a grenade into a group of people trying to stop him from abducting a local person, killing five civilians and injuring 42 others. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Hillah, Iraq, unidentified gunmen disguised as Iraqi policemen shot and killed two US civilian employees and an Iraqi interpreter at a fake checkpoint. The attackers took the vehicle but were later captured by Polish troops who discovered the bodies of the victims in the car. No group claimed responsibility.

11 March India

In Khrew, Pulwama district, Kashmir, India, armed militants attacked an Indian army anti-insurgency training camp, killing two soldiers and two civilians, and wounding five other civilians. Jaish-e-Mohammed claimed responsibility

Spain

During the morning, in Madrid, Spain, 10 bombs exploded on the city’s commuter transit system killing 191 people and wounding approximately 1,900 others. The bombs, hidden in backpacks, were placed in stations and on strains along a single rail line. By the end of March, Spanish authorities arrested over 20 people in connection with the attacks. On 3 April 2004, a key figure in the attacks blew himself up along with six other suspects, in his apartment after the police surrounded the building.The Abu Hafs al-Masri Brigades, on behalf of al-Qaida, and several other groups claimed responsibility, but Spanish authorities are investigating an al-Qaida affiliated network with transnational ties to Pakistan, Spain, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Syria, and possible links to September 11, 2001 attacks in the United States.

14 March Israel

In Ashdod Port, Israel, two suicide bombers launched nearsimultaneous attacks inside a workshop and outside the port, killing 10 and wounding 18 others. HAMAS and the al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade claimed joint responsibility.

15 March India

In the Sopore area of Baramula District, Kashmir, India, armed militants shot and killed a retired police officer. No group claimed responsibility

Iraq

In Mosul, Iraq, attackers launched a machine-gun attack, killing four US citizens and wounding one other.The victims were missionaries associated with the Southern Baptist International Mission Board. No group claimed responsibility.

16 March Iraq

Near Karbala, Iraq, gunmen attacked a vehicle, killing four German hydraulic engineers and two Iraqis, and wounding two other German engineers. The engineers worked for a company contracted by the Iraqi Ministry of Irrigation for projects in the Karbala area. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

Near Hilla, Iraq, unidentified gunmen shot and killed two European engineers (1 German; 1 Danish) and two Iraqi nationals. No group claimed responsibility.

17 March Iraq

In Baghdad, Iraq, a car bomb exploded at the Mount Lebanon Hotel (Jabal Libnan Hotel), killing seven civilians, including one Briton, and wounding 35 others. The attack also caused significant damage to the hotel and surrounding homes, offices, shops, and cars. Although the hotel was known to be frequented by westerners, US officials believe that the hotel may not have been the target of the attack. No group claimed responsibility, although it is widely believed that either Abu Mus’ab al-Zarqawi’s Jama’at al Tawid wa’al-Jihad, al-Qaida, or Ansar al-lslam was responsible for the attack.

18 March India

In Srinagar, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants invaded the home of a political party activist, forced him out of the house, and shot and killed him. No group claimed responsibility.

19 March Israel

In Jerusalem, Israel, gunmen shot and killed an Israeli student. The al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade claimed responsibility.

22 March Iraq

In Baghdad, Iraq, unidentified gunmen shot and killed two Finnish businessmen on their way to a meeting with the Ministry of Electricity. One victim worked in the electrical and power networks field, and the other victim specialized in constructing railways. No group claimed responsibility.

Israel

In Jaffa, Israel, an Arab youth on a bus attacked and wounded three Israelis with a knife. Israeli police attributed this incident to retaliation for the death of HAMAS leader Ahmed Yassin. No group claimed responsibility.

Israel

Outside an army base near Tel Aviv, Israel, a Palestinian attacked and wounded three people with an axe. Israeli police attributed this incident to retaliation for the death of HAMAS leader Ahmed Yassin. No group claimed responsibility.

23 March Serbia

Near the village of Shakovica, in Podujevo, Kosovo, a region administered by the UN, gunmen attacked a police patrol, killing a Ghanaian police officer from the United Nations Interim Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) and a Kosovo Police Service (SHPK) officer, and wounding a language interpreter. No group claimed responsibility, but authorities believe Albanian nationalists were responsible.

27 March India

In Udhampur District, Kashmir, India, armed militants shot and killed a special police officer. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Hasgmat Village, Doda District, Kashmir, India, armed militants invaded a home and shot to death the resident. No group claimed responsibility.

India

At Khooni Nallah, in Poonch District, Kashmir, India, armed militants attacked a security patrol, killing one civilian and injuring two security personnel. No group claimed responsibility.

Thailand

In Sunhai Kolok District, Narathiwat Province, Thailand, a bomb hidden on a motorcycle exploded outside the “TopTen 2004” karaoke bar and Marina Hotel, injuring 28 people, including 8 Malaysians. No group claimed responsibility, but authorities believe the attackers were Islamic militants.

28 March India

In the Anantang District, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants shot and killed a police officer as he waited for a bus. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Mosul, Iraq, unidentified gunmen attacked a convoy, enroute to a power station in Mosul, killing two private security guards (1 British; 1 Canadian).Three other British engineers traveling in the same convoy escaped unharmed. No group claimed responsibility.

31 March Iraq

In Fallujah, Iraq, unidentified assailants ambushed a contractor convoy, killing four US civilian contractors and setting them ablaze. The burned bodies of the four Americans were mutilated and dragged through the streets, and at least two bodies were hanged from a bridge over the Euphrates River. The contractors, employed by Blackwater Security Consulting of North Carolina, were providing security for food-delivery trucks headed to a US military base at the time of the attack. The Brigades of Martyr Ahmed Yassim claimed responsibility.

1 April Iraq

In Fallujah, Iraq, unknown assailants attacked a convoy and detained two German security guards. According to Germany’s Foreign Ministry, one of the guards was found dead on 1 May 2004. As of 29 March 2005, the disposition of the second victim was unknown. No group claimed responsibility

2 April Somalia

Near Berbera, Somalia, militants attacked aid workers from the German Agency for Technical Assistance, killing a Kenyan and injuring a German aid worker. No group claimed responsibility, but it is widely believed that al-Qaida was responsible.

3 April West Bank

In the Avnei Hafetz and Enav settlements,West Bank, gunmen attacked two neighboring Israeli settlements, killing one Israeli and wounding a child. HAMAS and Palestine Islamic Jihad claimed joint responsibility

5 April India

In Doda, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants began shooting at a police post, killing one police officer. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Nasiriyah, Iraq, militants abducted a British citizen as he traveled from a US base.The abductors later released him on 11 April 2004. No group claimed responsibility.

Nepal

Near the Indian border, in Kailali District, Nepal, attackers set nine empty Indian tanker trucks on fire. No group claimed responsibility, although it is widely believed that the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)/United People’s Front was responsible.

6 April India

In Rajpora Chowk, Pulwama District, Kashmir, India, armed militants threw a grenade at a Border Security Force vehicle, but missing the intended target and hitting a crowded marketplace, wounding three police officers and 61 civilians, including two children. India was preparing for national elections (20 April to 13 May) when the attack occurred. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Pattan, Kashmir, India, armed militants shot and killed a former militant. India was preparing for national elections (20 April to 13 May) when the attack occurred. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Nasiriyah, Iraq, unknown assailants opened fire on a convoy of trucks, killing a Bulgarian driver. No group claimed responsibility.

7 April India

In Parigam Village, Anantang District, Kashmir, India, armed militants invaded a home and shot and killed a young girl. India was preparing for national elections (20 April to 13 May) when the attack occurred. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Payar, Pulwama District, Kashmir, India, armed militants invaded a house, and shot and killed the occupant. India was preparing for national elections (20 April to 13 May) when the attack occurred. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Dadarhama Village, Pulwama, Kashmir, India, armed militants shot and killed a man. India was preparing for national elections (20 April to 13 May) when the attack occurred. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Kut, Iraq, unknown assailants entered a home and attacked the occupants, killing one South African contractor. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

Near Baghdad, Iraq, unknown assailants used a rocketpropelled grenade to attack a diplomatic convoy from Amman, Jordan, killing a South African contractor. The convoy had been carrying Iraqi diplomats and Jordanian ministers. No group claimed responsibility.

Malaysia

In Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, four Rohingya Burmese Muslims armed with an axe, knives, and iron rods climbed over the walls of the Myanmar Embassy, doused it with gasoline, and set fire to the building, destroying 70 percent of the embassy. The attackers also seriously wounded the embassy’s ministercounselor and an embassy staff member.The four assailants were arrested and charged with attempted murder and the destruction of property. No group claimed responsibility.

8 April India

In Uri, Kashmir, India, a bomb exploded at an election rally, killing nine civilians and wounding 50 others, including two elected officials. India was preparing for national elections (20 April to 13 May) when the attack occurred. The Save Kashmir Movement claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Baghdad, Iraq, unknown assailants kidnapped an Israeli employee of USAID and a Syrian-born Canadian employee of the International Relief Committee. Both victims were freed in April 2004. Ansar al-Din claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Iraq, unidentified assailants kidnapped a Canadian citizen, who had been carrying out repair work at the Abu Ghraib prison. As of the end of 2004, the disposition of the victim was unknown. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

Near Baghdad, Iraq, unknown assailants attacked a US civilian vehicle, killing one US contractor. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Iraq, unknown assailants kidnapped three Japanese civilians. The attackers later released a video, threatening the victims with guns and knives, and saying they would burn the victims alive if Japan did not withdraw its 550 troops within three days. On 15 April 2004, the three Japanese civilians were released. The Mujahideen Brigades (Saraya al-Mujaheddin) claimed responsibility.

9 April Iraq

In Baghdad, Iraq, Militants kidnapped and later killed a US businessman. An Islamist website broadcast a video, which showed the victim’s decapitation and ended with an appearance of Abu Musab Al-Zarqawi’s signature and the date 11 May 2004. Abu Mus’ab al-Zarqawi’s Jama’at al-Tawhid wa’al-Jihad claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Hit, Iraq, unknown assailants opened fire on a group of security officers guarding electrical contractors, killing one British security guard. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

Near Baghdad, Iraq, unknown assailants attacked a civilian vehicle, and eight US contractors were kidnapped. Five of the abducted contractors were found dead in April 2004. The sixth contractor was found dead on 5 January 2005. On 2 May 2004, in Tikrit, Iraq, the seventh contractor escaped from his captors unharmed. As of 18 March 2005, the eighth contractor was still missing. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In northern Iraq, a civilian vehicle drove over a landmine killing the two Nepalese occupants. No group claimed responsibility.

10 April Iraq

In Mosul, Iraq, unknown militants shot and killed a Red Crescent official and his wife. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Fallujah, Iraq, unknown assailants kidnapped seven Japanese civilians. By 12 April 2004, all victims had been released. The unknown captors were possibly trying to derail a planned visit by US vice president Dick Cheney. No group claimed responsibility.

11 April India

In the Anantnag District, Kashmir, India, armed militants shot and killed a member of the ruling People’s Democratic Party. India was preparing for national elections (20 April to 13 May) when the attack occurred. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Taji, Iraq, unknown assailants abducted and killed a Danish citizen. The body of the victim was found on 12 April 2004. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Baghdad, Iraq, unknown assailants opened fire on a security convoy, killing a Romanian civilian working for a security company and injuring one other. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Baghdad, Iraq, unidentified assailants kidnapped three Czech journalists as they prepared to journey from Baghdad to Amman. The journalists were released on 16 April 2004. No group claimed responsibility.

Philippines

Near Lingkian Island, off the coast of Sabah, between the Philippines and Malaysia, armed men boarded a barge and kidnapped two Malaysians and one Indonesian.The victims were taken to the Cagayan de Tawi-Tawi Islands near Malaysia. On 23 November 2004, on Baguan Island, Tawi-Tawi, Philippines, the Armed Forces of the Philippines recovered skeletal remains, believed to be the bodies of the three kidnapped men.The Abu Sayyaf Group claimed responsibility.

12 April Iraq

In Basra, Iraq, assailants wearing police uniforms kidnapped one Jordanian from his hotel. As of the end of 2004, the disposition of the Jordanian was unknown. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Baghdad, Iraq, masked gunmen kidnapped eight employees (3 Russian; 5 Ukrainian) of a Russian energy company. The captors released the victims unharmed less than 24 hours later. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

Near Baghdad, Iraq, militants abducted four Italians working for a US security firm. The militants executed one of the hostages after the Italian government refused to remove its troops from Iraq. On 8 June, the remaining hostages were rescued, along with a Polish construction worker who had been kidnapped on 1 June 2004. A group calling itself “the Green Battalion” claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Iraq, unknown attackers kidnapped a Jordanian citizen.As of 29 March 2005, the disposition of the victim was unknown. No group claimed responsibility.

13 April Iraq

In Baghdad, Iraq, unidentified assailants kidnapped a French television journalist and his cameraman as they filmed a US military convoy.The cameraman was released the same day, and the journalist was freed on 14 April 2004. No group claimed responsibility.

14 April India

In Banihal, Kashmir, India, armed militants threw a grenade at an election rally, wounding seven people. An elected official, who was speaking at the time of the blast, was not harmed. India was preparing for national elections (20 April to 13 May) when the attack occurred. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Baramulla India, Islamic Militants set off a bomb missing their intended target, an enemy convoy, and injuring six civilians. India was preparing for national elections (20 April to 13 May) when the attack occurred. No group claimed responsibility.

15 April Iraq

In Baghdad, Iraq, gunmen assassinated an Iranian diplomat as he drove out of the Iranian Embassy. No group claimed responsibility.

17 April Gaza Strip

At a main border crossing between Gaza and Israel, a Palestinian suicide bomber killed an Israeli border police officer and injured three Israeli soldiers. HAMAS and the al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade claimed joint responsibility.

19 April Gaza Strip

In Nitzanit, Gaza Strip, a Qassam rocket struck a house in a Jewish settlement injuring one person. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Rafiabad Village, Kashmir, India, armed militants shot and killed a police officer at a polling station.The officer was on guard duty at the polling station at the time of the shooting. India was preparing for national elections (20 April to 13 May) when the attack occurred. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Barmula, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants detonated a bomb at a polling station injuring two civilians, two poll workers, and four police officers. India was preparing for national elections (20 April to 13 May) when the attack occurred. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Sopore, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants threw a grenade near a polling station injuring five policemen and two civilians. India was preparing for national elections (20 April to 13 May) when the attack occurred. No group claimed responsibility.

Venezuela

In Bolivar,Venezuela, armed individuals hijacked a state police helicopter and forced the pilot to fly out of the area.The pilot was later released. No group claimed responsibility, although the governor of Bolivar State claimed that the hijackers were guerrillas from the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Columbia (FARC).

20 April Gaza Strip

In Nitzanit, Gaza Strip, a rocket struck the house of a Jewish settler, injuring three people and causing significant damage to the house. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Bandipura, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants detonated a remote-controlled landmine near a polling station, injuring three civilians and a policeman. India was in the midst of national elections (20 April to 13 May) when the attack occurred. No group claimed responsibility.

21 April India

In the Pulwama District, Kashmir, India, armed militants threw a grenade at a campaign vehicle, missing the target and injuring 11 civilians on the roadside. India was in the midst of national elections (20 April to 13 May) when the attack occurred. No group claimed responsibility.

Saudi Arabia

In Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, a car bomb exploded at the Public Security Department, killing 5 people, including one Syrian child and wounding 148 other civilians. No group claimed responsibility, although it is widely believed that al-Qaida was responsible.

22 April India

In Srinagar, Kashmir, India, a truck bomb exploded, killing two people and wounding one other. India was in the midst of national elections (20 April to 13 May) when the attack occurred. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Srinagar, Kashmir, India, a bomb exploded, killing two laborers and injuring six others. India was in the midst of national elections (20 April to 13 May) when the attack occurred. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In the Adhamiyah neighborhood, Baghdad, Iraq, a gunman killed a Spanish civilian and seriously wounded his Iraqi translator. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Baghdad, Iraq, unknown gunmen shot and killed a South African security guard and injured his translator. No group claimed responsibility.

23 April India

In Srinagar, Kashmir, India, armed militants attacked the offices of a political party with guns and grenades, wounding three soldiers and two journalists. India was in the midst of national elections (20 April to 13 May) when the attack occurred. No group claimed responsibility.

Japan

In Osaka, Japan, a Japanese man rammed a bus into the front gate of the Chinese Consulate General, causing no injuries, but setting fire to the vehicle and damaging the gate.The perpetrator attacked the Consulate in protest against China’s claim of possession of the Senkaku Islands. No group claimed responsibility.

24 April Angola

Near Massabi, in Cabinda, Angola, unknown attackers opened fire with machine guns and mortars, killing six (3 Angolan; 3 Congolese) and wounding 10 others. No group claimed responsibility.

Bosnia

In Pale, Bosnia-Herzegovina, a bomb exploded next to the police station on Srpskih Ratnika Street, blowing out the building’s windows, destroying the car of the ex-police chief, and damaging a European Union Police Mission vehicle. No group claimed responsibility.

25 April India

In the Kulgam District, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants threw grenades and fired shots at the motorcade of the People’s Democratic Party president, killing four people and wounding 45 others.The political party president escaped unharmed. India was in the midst of national elections (20 April to 13 May) when the attack occurred. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Srinagar, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants launched a grenade at a police station,wounding 13 police officers. India was in the midst of national elections (20 April to 13 May) when the attack occurred. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Khool-Noorabad Village, Kashmir, India, a grenade exploded at a political rally, killing one civilian and wounding nine others. India was in the midst of national elections (20 April to 13 May) when the attack occurred. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

Near Bayji, Iraq, a roadside bomb exploded as a convoy of private security contractors passed, killing one US contractor and wounding two others, who later died from their wounds. No group claimed responsibility.

West Bank

In Idna near Hebron,West Bank, gunmen attacked a car carrying three Israelis, wounding all three of the passengers. No group claimed responsibility.

26 April India

In Srinagar, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants threw a grenade at a government building, wounding five people. India was in the midst of national elections (20 April to 13 May) when the attack occurred. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Kupwara District, Kashmir, India, armed militants shot and killed a civilian outside his home. India was preparing for national elections (20 April to 13 May) when the attack occurred. No group claimed responsibility.

27 April India

During the night, in Kashmir, India, Islamic militants kidnapped a political party worker. India was in the midst of a national election (20 April to 13 May) when the attack occurred. As of the end of 2004, the disposition of the victim was unknown. No group claimed responsibility.

28 April India

In the Rajouri District, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants attacked an army camp with grenades and small arms, killing one soldier and wounding three others.The soldiers returned fire, killing three militants. India was in the midst of an election (20 April to 10 May) when the attack occurred. No group claimed responsibility, although authorities identified the attackers as members of Lashkar-e-Tayyiba.

India

In the Doda District, Kashmir, India, a bomb exploded at an election rally, killing three civilians and injuring 49 others. A former elected official was about to speak at the rally when the explosion occurred, but he was not harmed by the blast. India was in the midst of an election (20 April to 13 May) when the attack occurred. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Shopian, Anantnag District, Kashmir, India, armed militants threw a grenade at a politician’s motorcade, injuring two policemen and eight civilians.The political official at the center of the motorcade was not harmed. India was preparing for national elections (20 April to 13 May) when the attack occurred. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Handwara, Kashmir, India, armed militants attacked a police station with a grenade, wounding seven policemen and seven civilians. India was in the midst of an election (20 April to 13 May) when the attack occurred. No group claimed responsibility.

29 April Iraq

In Basra, Iraq, unknown gunmen killed a South African civilian in a drive-by shooting. No group claimed responsibility.

30 April Iraq

In Fallujah, Iraq, unknown assailants attacked and killed a South African civilian. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In southern Iraq, unknown gunmen opened fire at a convoy of vans, killing three civilians (1 Filipino; 2 Ukrainian). No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Tikrit, Iraq, unknown attackers fired rocket-propelled grenades at a US convoy, killing one US contractor. No group claimed responsibility.

1 May Saudi Arabia

In Yanbu, Saudi Arabia, four gunmen attacked the offices of ABB Lummus, killing six civilians (2 American; 2 British; 1 Australian; 1 Italian) and wounding 19 Saudi policemen.The gunmen then attacked a Holiday Inn, a McDonald’s restaurant, and various shops before throwing a pipe bomb at the International School in Yanbu. Al-Qaida claimed responsibility.

2 May Gaza Strip

On the road between Israel and Gush Katif, Gaza Strip, gunmen ambushed a car and shot to death the occupants, a pregnant Jewish settler and her four children. The Popular Resistance Committee and the al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade claimed joint responsibility.

Iraq

In Mosul, Iraq, a bomb exploded, killing two Fijian security guards and injuring two others. The British private security firm, Global Risk Strategies, employed all four people. No group claimed responsibility.

3 May India

In Srinagar, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants threw a grenade at the residence of a People’s Democratic Party candidate, injuring eight people. India was preparing for national elections (20 April to 13 May) when the attack occurred. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Baghdad, Iraq, unknown assailants kidnapped a US citizen. As of 18 March 2005, the American was still being held hostage. A group calling itself the Islamic Rage Brigade claimed responsibility.

Nepal

In Parbat, Nepal, assailants kidnapped and hanged a former Indian Army Officer. No group claimed responsibility, although it is widely believed the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoism)/United People’s Front was responsible.

Pakistan

In Gwadar, Baluchistan Province, Pakistan, a car bomb exploded, killing three Chinese engineers and wounding 11 other people. No group claimed responsibility.

4 May India

In Anantnag, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants fired a grenade at a police camp outside a polling station, injuring six people, including two poll workers. India was preparing for national elections (20 April to 13 May) when the attack occurred. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Bijbehara, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants fired a grenade at an election polling station, injuring one police officer. India was in the midst of national elections (20 April to 13 May) when the attack occurred. No group claimed responsibility.

5 May Afghanistan

In Mandol, Laghman Province, Afghanistan, militants killed two British contractors working for the London-based company Global Risk Strategies and their Afghan translator.The victims were working to register Afghan citizens for the forthcoming elections.The Taliban claimed responsibility.

India

In the Anantnag District, Kashmir, India, armed militants fired a grenade at a general election polling facility, missing their target and killing one civilian and wounding three others. India was in the midst of national elections (20 April to 13 May) when the attack occurred. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Bijbehara, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants threw a grenade near a polling station, injuring five policemen and ten civilians. India was in the midst of national elections (20 April to 13 May) when the attack occurred. No group claimed responsibility.

7 May Iraq

In Latafiya, Iraq, unidentified gunmen attacked a crew working for Poland’s TVP television, killing a Polish war correspondent, his producer and wounding their cameraman. No group claimed responsibility.

8 May Afghanistan

Near the village of Grabawa, in the Nangarhar Province, Afghanistan, an improvised explosive device exploded, injuring one Afghan UN election worker. No group claimed responsibility.

9 May India

In Doda, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants threw a hand grenade and began shooting at a polling station, injuring three police officers and three civilians. India was in the midst of national elections (20 April to 13 May) when the attack occurred. Hizbul-Mujahedin claimed responsibility.

India

In the Doda District, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants threw a grenade at a motorcade, killing one government official and wounding four police officers and 17 civilians. India was in the midst of national elections (20 April to 13 May) when the attack occurred. No group claimed responsibility, although it is widely believed that Hizbul-Mujahedin was responsible.

Iraq

In Baghdad, Iraq, an improvised explosive device exploded behind the Four Seasons Hotel (Al-Fossul Al-Arabaa Hotel), injuring six security guards (2 British; 2 Nepalese; 2 Iraqi). The blast also damaged the hotel’s ceiling and spread debris through the dining room. No group claimed responsibility.

10 May Iraq

In Kirkuk, Iraq, unidentified gunmen killed a New Zealand engineer, a South African engineer, and an Iraqi driver as they worked on a reconstruction project. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Musayyib, Iraq, unknown militants attacked a vehicle, killing one Russian, injuring an Iraqi, and abducting two other Russians.The two abducted Russians were released on 17 May 2004. No group claimed responsibility.

11 May Iraq

Near Rutba, Iraq, unknown gunmen attacked a civilian convoy traveling from Syria to Baghdad, injuring four drivers, destroying seven trucks, and seizing eight other trucks. The 20-vehicle convoy belonged to a Turkish subcontractor affiliated with US contracting company Kellogg, Brown & Root. Despite initial reports of kidnappings, all 20 drivers reached Baghdad in the surviving 5 vehicles. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Mosul, Iraq, unknown gunmen attacked employees of Yuksel Insaat, a Turkish construction firm, killing a Turkish worker and his Turkish driver. No group claimed responsibility.

14 May Iraq

In Baghdad, Iraq, unknown gunmen entered the residence of a British contractor and killed him. Although no group claimed responsibility, a witness indicated that the attackers were members of the Baghdad police force.

15 May Nepal

In the Palpa District, Nepal, assailants set fire to three Indian tour buses, destroying the vehicles. No group claimed responsibility, although it is widely believed the Communist Party of Nepal Maoism/United People’s Front was responsible.

17 May India

In the Kupwara District, Kashmir, India, armed militants invaded a home and opened fire, killing two civilians and injuring one other. No group claimed responsibility.

18 May India

In Kashmir, India, militants lobbed a hand grenade at a police patrol, missing their target and hitting a crowded bus stop, wounding three children, three civilians, and one police officer. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Mosul, Iraq, masked militants in a car attacked two civilian vehicles, killing one British security contractor working for ArmorGroup, a London-based company. The vehicles were believed to be carrying foreign reconstruction contractors. No group claimed responsibility.

20 May India

In Baramula, Kashmir, India, armed militants abducted two people from their home and killed them. Both victims were sons of a retired security officer. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Bandh Village, Pulwama, Kashmir, India, armed militants captured a polling agent for the People’s Democratic Party, tortured him outside the village, and then abandoned him. The attackers also shot five passing villagers in their legs. No group claimed responsibility.

Turkey

In the Acibadem District of Istanbul, Turkey, a bomb exploded in the parking lot of a McDonald’s restaurant, breaking windows, destroying one car, and damaging several other vehicles. No group claimed responsibility.

21 May Bangladesh

In Sylhet, Chittagong Division, Bangladesh, a bomb exploded at the Hazrat Shahjalal shrine, killing three people and injuring 100 others, including the British High Commissioner to Bangladesh. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Chadoura, Budgam District, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants detonated a bomb near a security post killing two children and one adult and wounding 24 others. No group claimed responsibility, but authorities considered Hizbul-Mujahedin responsible.

22 April Iraq

In Baghdad, Iraq, a Syrian suicide bomber attempted to assassinate the Iraqi deputy interior minister.The blast injured the minister and 12 others, and killed four police officers and an unidentified woman. Abu Mus’ab al Zarqawi’s Jama’at al-Tawhid wa’al Jihad claimed responsibility

Saudi Arabia

In Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, unknown gunmen shot and killed a German national. No group claimed responsibility.

West Bank

In the West Bank, a suicide bomber detonated his explosive device at an army checkpoint injuring an Israeli soldier and four civilians. No group claimed responsibility.

23 May India

Near Lowermunda, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants detonated a bomb under a bus killing three children six women and 19 police officers, and wounding two civilians and 13 police officers. Hizbul Mujahedin claimed responsibility.

Mexixo

In Juitepec, Mexico, bombs exploded at three banks throughout the city, causing property damage at the Bencomer, Banamex, and Santander Serfin facilities. No casualties reported. The Comodo Jaramillista Morelense 23 de Mayo group claimed responsibility.

24 May Iraq

In Baghdad, Iraq, a bomb exploded near the entrance of the green zone, killing two Britons and wounding two others as they passed in an armored vehicle. No group claimed responsibility,

25 May West Bank

In Hebron,West Bank, unknown attackers threw an explosive device at a vehicle, wounding an Israeli civilian. No group claimed responsibility.

26 May Iraq

In Baghdad, Iraq, unidentified gunman fired on a bus carrying employees of Interenergoservis, a Russian energy firm, killing three Russian specialists and injuring four others. As a result of the incident and pervious attacks on Interenergoservis staff, the company ordered its 234 remaining employees to leave Iraq. No group claimed responsibility.

27 May India

In Pulwama District, Kashmir, India, armed militants shot and killed a former Special Police Officer in his home. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

South of Baghdad, Iraq, unidentified gunmen fired on a civilian vehicle, killing two Japanese journalists and one Iraqi translator, and injuring their Iraqi driver. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Baghdad, Iraq, unidentified attackers killed a Turkish truck driver. No group claimed responsibility.

Nepal

Near Tilkapur, Nawalparasi District, Nepal, assailants set fire to an Indian jeep and passenger bus on the Mahendra Highway. No group claimed responsibility, although it is widely believed the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoism)/United People’s Front was responsible.

28 May Greece

In Thessaloniki, Greece, unknown assailants detonated a bomb under a car belonging to a Turkish Black Sea Bank employee. The blast, which occurred at the employee’s apartment building, destroyed the car and damaged two other vehicles. No injuries were reported. No group claimed responsibility.

29 May Democratic Republic of the Congo

Near Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo, unidentified armed men attacked and killed a military observer from the UN Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC) and slightly wounded another. No group claimed responsibility.

30 May Iraq

In Baghdad, Iraq, unknown gunmen opened fire on a convoy traveling to Baghdad International Airport, killing an American contractor. No group claimed responsibility.

Saudi Arabia

In Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia, militants attacked two oil industry compounds, housing offices, and employee apartments, killing 22 civilians ([including] 1 American; 8 Indian; 3 Filipino; 2 Sri Lankan; 1 Swedish; 1 Italian; 1 British; 1 Egyptian; 1 South African) and wounding 25 Saudi civilians. Al-Qaida claimed responsibility.

1 June Iraq

In Baghdad, Iraq, unknown assailants kidnapped two Polish construction workers, three Kurdish security guards, and two Iraqi female employees. Between 2 June 2004 and 7 June 2004, one of the Polish victims escaped from his captors. On 8 June 2004, coalition forces rescued the second Polish captive. As of 29 March 2005, the disposition of the Iraqi and Kurdish victims was unknown. No group claimed responsibility.

2 June Afghanistan

In Qades, Badghis Province, Afghanistan, assailants attacked a vehicle belonging to the Doctors Without Borders aid group, killing five aid workers (1 Belgian; 1 Norwegian; 1 Dutch; 2 Afghan). No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Anantnag, Kashmir, India, armed militants shot and killed a People’s Democratic Party member outside his home. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In southern Iraq, an improvised explosive device exploded as a vehicle passed, killing an American contractor. No group claimed responsibility.

3 June India

In Doda, Kashmir, India, armed militants threw a grenade at a police patrol, missing their target and wounding seven civilians. No group claimed responsibility.

4 June Russia

In Samara, Russia, a bomb exploded at a busy section of a market near a rail line, killing at least 11 civilians ([including] 2 Armenians; 3 Vietnamese), and injuring 71 others. No group claimed responsibility, but officials detained Chechen separatists from Kazakhstan on 10 June 2004 in connection with the incident.

5 June Iraq

In Baghdad, Iraq, militants attacked and killed four security contractors (2 American; 2 Polish) and injured one other Polish contractor. The US-based security company, Blackwater, employed the four contractors. Abu Mus’ab al-Zarqawi’s Jama’at al-Tawhid wa’al-Jihad claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Al Asad, Iraq, a vehicle struck a landmine, killing an American contractor and destroying the vehicle. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

Near Baghdad, Iraq, attackers kidnapped a Kuwaiti truck driver who was delivering supplies to the US military. As of the end of 2004, the disposition of the Kuwaiti hostage was unknown. A group calling itself the Waqas Islamic Brigade claimed responsibility.

Sudan

In Darfur Region, Sudan, militants kidnapped 16 aid workers, including three unidentified foreigners and 13 Sudanese. The militants claimed the detention of the aid workers had been for their protection, since the aid workers were in militant territory, and released them on 6 June 2004. The Sudanese Liberation Army claimed responsibility.

6 June Iraq

In Mosul, Iraq, gunmen attacked a civilian convoy, killing a British contractor and wounding three others. No group claimed responsibility.

Saudi Arabia

In Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, an unknown gunman fired at two BBC journalists, both British, killing one and injuring the other. No group claimed responsibility, although it is widely believed that al-Qaida was responsible.

7 June Iraq

In Fallujah, Iraq, unknown assailants abducted two Turkish businessmen, working for the Serka Insaat construction firm. One of the victims was released on 8 June 2004, and the other victim was released by 4 December 2004. No group claimed responsibility.

8 June Chile

In Santiago, Chile, a group of hooded individuals hurled bombs at a McDonald’s restaurant, completely destroying the restaurant. The attack came during a demonstration calling for the release of prisoners who had been behind bars for more than 10 years on terrorism charges.This was one of several attacks in a three-day period, all seemingly related to an anti-terror legislation bill. No group claimed responsibility.

Saudi Arabia

At a villa in northeast Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, five unknown gunmen in a car shot and killed an American citizen working for the Vinnell Corporation, which had been contracted by the US Army to train the Saudi National Guard. Al-Qaida claimed responsibility.

9 June Iraq

In Fallujah, Iraq, gunmen kidnapped two Turkish contractors. On 6 July 2004, the two contractors were released when their company agreed to stop supplying the US military with air conditioning units. Abu Mus’ab al-Zarqawi’s Jama’at al-Tawhid wa’al-Jihad claimed responsibility.

Nepal

In Chobhar, on the outskirts of Kathmandu, Nepal, Several timed improvised explosive devices exploded at the Modern Indian School grounds, destroying one school bus and damaging six others. No group claimed responsibility, although it is widely believed the communist party of Nepal(Maoism)/ United People’s Front was responsible.

10 June Afghanistan

In Kunduz province, Afghanistan, assailants fired upon a road construction site, killing 11 Chinese engineers and wounding five others, including four Chinese. No group claimed responsibility, but in October 2004 four men were arrested and convicted of the attack.

Iraq

In Iraq, militants abducted seven Turkish citizens.The victims were released on 12 June 2004. A group calling itself the Jihad Squadrons claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Iraq, unidentified attackers kidnapped a Lebanese citizen. The victim was released on 17 June, 2004. A group calling itself the Islamic Anger Brigades claimed responsibility.

12 June India

In Kashmir, India, Islamic militants threw a grenade into a crowded hotel killing one child and three adults, and wounding six other children and 18 other adults. Al-Nasreen claimed responsibility

India

In Handwara, Kashmir, India, armed militants threw a grenade at a security patrol, missing their target and wounding 23 civilians. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Fallujah, Iraq, unknown assailants kidnapped a Lebanese citizen, and then shot and killed him. No group claimed responsibility,

Saudi Arabia

In Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, three militants shot and killed an American citizen, working for Advanced Electronics Company, as he parked his car in front of his villa. Al-Qaida claimed responsibility

Saudi Arabia

In Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, attackers abducted an American contractor. On 19 June 2004, an Islamic website posted pictures of the victim’s decapitated body which was later found on a street in eastern Riyadh. The al-Qaida Organization in the Arabian Peninsula claimed responsibility.

13 June India

In Khowai, West Tripura, India, militants kidnapped five Bangladeshi traders. As of 29 March 2005, the disposition of the victims were unknown. No group claimed responsibility, but it is widely believed that the All Tripura Tiger Force was responsible.

14 June India

In Rirum, Baramulla, Kashmir, India, armed militants threw a grenade at a home, killing two civilians and injuring one other. No group claimed responsibility.

India

Near Kuri Village,Tripura, India, militants abducted 37 people (24 Bangladeshi; 13 Indian) on a remote road in the state. On 15 June 2005, the assailants released the Indian captives. As of 29 March 2005, the disposition of the 24 Bangladeshi captives was unknown.The National Liberation Front of Tripura claimed responsibility.

India

Near Kunzer Village, Kashmir, India, armed militants attacked and killed a government worker. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Al-Tahrir Square, near Al-Sa’dun Street, Baghdad, Iraq, a suicide car bomber detonated his explosives next to a convoy of General Electric contractors, killing 13 people ([including] 2 British; 1 French; 1 American; 1 Filipino) and wounding 60 others, including two Sudanese. The blast also destroyed eight vehicles and nearby buildings. Abu Mus’ab al-Zarqawi’s Jama’at al-Tawhid wa’al-Jihad claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Iraq, unknown assailants kidnapped a US contractor. On 21 June 2004, the victim was found dead in a Baghdad morgue. No group claimed responsibility.

15 June India

In Kulgam, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants threw a grenade at a security patrol, wounding 10 Muslim students. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Dangerpora area, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants killed the brother of a Kashmiri politician. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In the Dangerpora area, Sopore, Kashmir, India, armed militants invaded the home of a Kashmiri lawmaker from the Congress Party and attacked the occupants, killing the lawmaker’s brother and wounding his cousin. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Baghdad, Iraq, militants attacked and killed one Iraqi national and wounded two foreign contractors as they passed beneath an overpass. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Iraq, militants took two Lebanese construction workers hostage. Both victims were released on 19 June 2004. No group claimed responsibility.

16 June Afghanistan Near Kunduz City, Kunduz Province, Afghanistan, an improvised explosive device exploded near a vehicle belonging to the German-run Provincial Reconstruction Team, killing four Afghans and wounding one other. No group claimed responsibility, but it is widely believed that al-Qaida was responsible. Iraq In Ramadi, Iraq, unidentified assailants detonated a car bomb, killing four Iraqi policemen and wounding a foreigner. The blast also destroyed an Iraqi police car and one other vehicle. No group claimed responsibility. 17 June India In Sopore, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants attacked a security patrol with a grenade, killing one guard and wounding four others and 12 civilians. No group claimed responsibility. Iraq In Iraq, unidentified assailants kidnapped a South Korean contractor and beheaded him on 22 June 2004. Abu Mus’ab al-Zarqawi’s Jama’at al-Tawhid wa’al-Jihad claimed responsibility. Iraq At an unspecified location in Iraq, a landmine exploded as a convoy passed, killing a US contractor. No group claimed responsibility. 19 June Iraq

Near Basra, Iraq, a remote-control improvised explosive device exploded, killing a Portuguese national, an Iraqi police officer, and an Iraqi oil worker. No group claimed responsibility.

20 June Pakistan

In Chaman, Baluchistan Province, Pakistan, assailants destroyed an oil tanker belonging to Shell Pakistan Limited, a majority-owned subsidiary of Royal Dutch Shell, wounding three civilians and destroying two other tanker trucks parked in the area.The Taliban claimed responsibility.

21 June Afghanistan

In Kandahar Province, Afghanistan, unknown assailants attacked a vehicle of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan, killing one Afghan guard, wounding two others, and completely destroying the vehicle. No group claimed responsibility.

22 June Gaza Strip

In Kfar Darom, Gaza Strip, unknown attackers fired small arms, mortars, and anti-tank missiles into an Israeli settlement, killing a Thai worker. The Izz al-Din al-Qassam Brigades (HAMAS) claimed responsibility.

23 June India

In Bejibehara, Anantnag, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants threw a grenade at a police post, missing their target and wounding 19 civilians. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Charsoo, Kashmir, India, militants kidnapped an Indian railway construction engineer and his brother. On 25 June 2004, in the morning, in Sugan Village, the victims’ bodies were found with their throats slit. No group claimed responsibility.

24 June Turkey

In Ankara,Turkey, a bomb exploded near a Hilton Hotel, injuring two police officers and a civilian. The police officers, based on an anonymous tip, were inspecting a package when it exploded near the hotel entrance. President Bush was expected to stay at the Ankara Hilton Hotel two days later, just before a NATO summit. A small leftwing Marxist group, commonly known as the MLKP-FESK, claimed responsibility.

25 June India

In Tiali Kathamara Village, Kashmir, India, armed militants stormed a village and opened fire, killing twelve civilians, including one child and injuring twelve other civilians. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Bejibehara, Kashmir, India, militants shot and killed a police officer. No group claimed responsibility.

26 June India

In Surankot, Poonch District, Kashmir, India, armed militants entered a village, broke into homes, and began shooting at people as they slept, killing five children and seven men, and wounding 10 others. All of the victims were Muslim. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Bejibehara, Kashmir, India, armed militants shot and killed a police officer. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Mosul, Iraq, militants kidnapped three Turkish workers and threatened to kill them in 72 hours if Turkey did not stop working with US forces. On 30 June 2004, the militants released the three men, unharmed. Abu Mus’ab al-Zarqawi’s Jama’at al-Tawhid wa’al-Jihad claimed responsibility.

28 June Israel

In S’derot, Israel, attackers fired rockets into a neighborhood, killing two Israelis and wounding 15 others. One rocket landed near a kindergarten in a residential area. HAMAS claimed responsibility.

29 June India

In Srinagar, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants threw a bomb at a security post, missing their target and wounding five civilians and four police officers. No group claimed responsibility.

Israel

In S’derot, Israel, attackers fired a rocket into a neighborhood, impacting near a kindergarten and killing two Israelis, including one child, and wounding at least 10 others. HAMAS claimed responsibility.

1 July Iraq

In Balad, Iraq, a roadside bomb exploded when a civilian vehicle drove over it, killing a US contractor. No group claimed responsibility.

2 July India

In Srinagar, Doda District, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants detonated a remote-controlled improvised explosive device as a security convoy drove past a political rally, killing six police officers and wounding five officers and four civilians. No group claimed responsibility.

3 July India

In the Dalgate area, Srinagar, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants detonated an explosive-laden hand cart near a tourist attraction on a road used by government officials, killing two people and wounding 29 others, including two children and five students. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In the Dalgate area, Srinagar, Kashmir, India, armed militants detonated a bomb, killing one civilian and injuring 13 others, including two children. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Anantnag District, Kashmir, India, armed militants threw a grenade at a military convoy near a marketplace, injuring four soldiers and 25 civilians. No group claimed responsibility.

4 July Iraq

In Iraq, unidentified assailants kidnapped a Filipino truck driver. The victim was later released on 22 July 2004, when President Gloria Arroyo started to pull Filipino troops out of Iraq.The Khaled Ibn al-Walid Brigade claimed responsibility.

West Bank

In Mevo Dotan,West Bank, gunmen ambushed a car, killing one Israeli settler and wounding one other.The al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade claimed responsibility.

5 July Gaza Strip

In N’vei Dekalim, Gaza Strip, unknown attackers fired two mortar rounds into a Jewish settlement, injuring an Israeli soldier. No group claimed responsibility.

6 July Iraq

In Iraq, unidentified assailants kidnapped an Egyptian truck driver.The victim was released on or about 19 July 2004. A group calling itself the Iraqi Legitimate Resistance claimed responsibility.

7 July Gaza Strip

In Netzer Hazani, Gaza Strip, attackers fired two rockets into an Israeli settlement, killing two Israeli settlers. HAMAS claimed responsibility.

8 July Afghanistan

In Khogyani, Nangarhar Province, Afghanistan, a landmine exploded underneath a UN vehicle, killing one UN worker and injuring three others, one seriously.The Taliban claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Iraq, unidentified assailants kidnapped two Bulgarian truck drivers and later beheaded them. On 29 July 2004, authorities found the victims’ bodies in the Tigris River. Abu Mus’ab al-Zarqawi’s Jama’at al-Tawhid wa’al-Jihad claimed responsibility.

9 July Iraq

In Samarra, Iraq, unknown gunmen fired at a tanker truck as it passed, causing the vehicle to crash and killing the Turkish driver and his passenger. No group claimed responsibility.

10 July India

In the Anantnag District, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants threw a grenade at a police car, missing their target and hitting a crowd at a bus stop, injuring 34 people. No group claimed responsibility.

11 July Israel

In Tel Aviv, Israel, a Palestinian suicide bomber detonated his explosives at a bus stop, killing one Israeli soldier and wounding 20 civilians.The al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade claimed responsibility.

12 July India

In Hderpora, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants attacked a convoy, injuring three soldiers, four students, and two civilians. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In the afternoon, in Kupwara District, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants threw a grenade at soldiers, missing their target and killing a student and injuring 21 others (19 civilians; 2 police officers). No group claimed responsibility.

13 July India

In Kashmir, India, Islamic militants fired a grenade at a motorcade, missing their target and injuring three policemen and a child.The motorcade had been escorting the Deputy Chief Minister of Kashmir, India. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Srinagar, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants detonated a bomb near the Mughal-built Nishat Garden, killing one civilian and injuring 12 others. No group claimed responsibility.

15 July India In the Poonch District, Mendhar area, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants threw two grenades at a police station, killing one civilian and one police officer, and wounding three other police officers. No group claimed responsibility.

17 July Gaza Strip

In Khan Younis, Gaza Strip, gunmen kidnapped five French aid workers at a restaurant, taking them to the local Red Crescent headquarters and ordering the building to be emptied. The hostages were released unharmed after several hours.The Abu al-Rish Brigades claimed responsibility.

Iraq

Near Ramadi, Iraq, unidentified militants shot and killed a Jordanian truck driver who had been transporting supplies from Amman to Baghdad. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Mosul, Iraq, unidentified assailants attacked a convoy, killing one Turk and abducting a Turkish driver, who was released on 31 July 2004. No group claimed responsibility.

18 July India

In Shopian, Kashmir, India, armed militants threw a grenade into the home of a senior Congress leader, killing him and his wife, and seriously injuring their daughter. No group claimed responsibility.

19 July India

In Srinagar, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants threw a grenade into the middle of a political rally, killing five civilians and injuring 50 others. The attack was intended to assassinate the Deputy Chief Minister of Indian Kashmir, but the official escaped unharmed. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Mosul, Iraq, unidentified gunmen fired on a car, killing a local Turkmen leader and a Turkmen broadcaster and injuring two other people. No group claimed responsibility.

Israel

In Tel Aviv, Israel, gunmen shot and killed an Israeli judge outside his home. The al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade claimed responsibility.

20 July India

In Gurdan Village, Rajouri District, Kashmir, India, armed militants shot and killed a former police constable and four members of his family. No group claimed responsibility, but it is widely believed that Lashkar-e-Tayyiba was responsible.

India

In Koti Village, Doda District, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants shot and killed four police officers and injured one other. No group claimed responsibility, although it is widely believed Lashkar-e-Tayyiba was responsible.

21 July India

In Anantnag District, Kashmir, India, armed militants shot and killed a People’s Democratic Party member. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Iraq, unidentified assailants kidnapped seven foreignnational truck drivers (3 Indian; 3 Kenyan; 1 Egyptian).The kidnappers released the hostages on 1 September 2004. A group calling itself the Black Banners Division of the Islamic Secret Army claimed responsibility.

23 July Iraq

Near Baghdad, Iraq, unidentified assailants kidnapped two Pakistani contractors and an Iraqi driver. On 28 July 2004, the militants released a videotape showing the lifeless bodies of the two contractors.The Iraqi driver was subsequently released. The Islamic Army in Iraq claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Iraq, unidentified assailants kidnapped an Egyptian diplomat as he returned from evening prayer. The victim was released on 26 July 2004. A group calling itself the Usd Allah (Lions of God/Lions of Allah) claimed responsibility.

24 July India

In Anantnag, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants killed two police officers and wounded two civilians during a shootout. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Tarana Village, Balnoi area, Mendhar, Kashmir, India, an improvised explosive device exploded, injuring one civilian. No group claimed responsibility.

25 July Gaza Strip

In N’vei Dekalim, Gaza Strip, attackers fired an anti-tank rocket into a gathering of Jewish settlers, wounding six Israeli children. HAMAS claimed responsibility.

India

In Kashmir, India, armed militants beheaded a man, his son, and his daughter. His wife was also wounded in the attack. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Baramulla District, Kashmir, India, armed militants threw a grenade at a house, injuring a seven-year-old child. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Mosul, Iraq, unknown attackers killed a Jordanian businessman who had been accused of working as a translator for the Coalition and who had allegedly been warned to leave the country. No group claimed responsibility.

26 July India

In Baramulla Town, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants threw a grenade at a hospital where Border Security Forces had been admitted for treatment, killing one person and injuring 30 others. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Kishtwar Town, Doda District, Kashmir, India, an improvised explosive device exploded in a hardware store belonging to a politician, injuring a Bharatiya Janata Party leader and two of his bodyguards. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Iraq, unidentified assailants kidnapped two Jordanian truck drivers. Both drivers worked for Daoud and Partners, a Jordanian company assisting the US military with construction and food services.The victims were released on 9 August 2004. A group calling itself the Mujahedeen Corps in Iraq claimed responsibility.

27 July India

In Srinagar, Kashmir, India, two Islamic militants shot at a hotel, killing five soldiers and wounding five others. Nearby soldiers killed the two militants during an ensuing gunfight. Al-Mansurian claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Iraq, unidentified assailants kidnapped three Jordanian drivers and a businessman. A local tribal chief, Sheik Haj Ibrahim Jassam, located the hostages, organized a raid, and freed all four hostages on 4 August 2004. A group calling itself the Mujahedeen of Iraq, the Group of Death claimed responsibility.

28 July Afghanistan

In Ghazni Province, Afghanistan, unknown attackers detonated a bomb at a mosque, killing two UN election workers and four Afghan civilians, seriously wounding two other UN elections workers, and destroying the mosque. No group claimed responsibility.

29 July India

In Tral, Kashmir, India, militants beheaded a woman. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Iraq, unidentified assailants kidnapped a Somali truck driver working for a Kuwaiti company. The assailants freed the victim on 2 August 2004, after his Kuwaiti company agreed to leave Iraq. Abu Mus’ab al-Zarqawi’s Jama’at al-Tawhid wa’al-Jihad claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Baghdad, Iraq, unidentified militants invaded the apartment of a Jordanian businessman, killing one Jordanian and abducting one other. The abducted victim was subsequently released by 5 August 2004. No group claimed responsibility.

30 July Iraq

In Baghdad, Iraq, unidentified gunmen kidnapped a Lebanese dairy farmer. On or about 10 August 2004, the captors released him. No group claimed responsibility.

Uzbekistan

In Tashkent, Uzbekistan, a suicide bomber detonated his explosives at the lsraeli embassy killing two Uzbek guards. A simultaneous suicide bomber attack struck the U.S. embassy; no one was hurt in that incident.The Islamic Jihad Group of Uzbekistan claimed responsibility for the bombings. A third explosion occurred the same afternoon at the prosecutor general’s office, killing one person and wounding five others. The incidents occurred a few days after Uzbek prosecutors began their case against 15 suspects accused of aiding and/or conducting a series of bomb attacks and shootings in late March.

31 July India

In Lohara Thawa, Bhaderwah Tehsil, Doda District, Kashmir, India, militants invaded a home and attacked the people inside, killing two men and injuring two others. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In the Kanipora Village, Anantnag District, Kashmir, India, armed militants killed two members of the Ikhwan, an Indian counter-insurgency group. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Baghdad, Iraq, a Lebanese director of Lara Construction Company was kidnapped.The disposition of the victim was unknown as of the end of 2004. No group claimed responsibility.

1 August Iraq

In Bayji, Iraq, an improvised explosive device exploded as a convoy carrying construction supplies passed, killing an American military contractor and two Iraqi civilians and wounding two other American contractors. No group claimed responsibility,

West Bank

In Nablus,West Bank, four Palestinian gunmen kidnapped three foreign church volunteers (1 American; 1 British 1 Irish) as the victims traveled home from work.The gunmen released the volunteers unharmed shortly after being surrounded by Palestinian police at the Balata refugee camp. Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade claimed responsibility.

2 August Gaza Strip

In Dohoul, Gaza Strip, attackers fired a rocket into an Israeli settlement, heavily damaging the impacted area. The Izz al-Din al-Qassam Brigades (HAMAS) claimed responsibility.

India

In Lasana, Jammu, India, militants slit the throat of a Muslim woman. Militants had previously occupied the woman’s home before they were discovered and killed by police. The woman was subsequently suspected of turning in the militants. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Iraq, unidentified assailants kidnapped three Turkish truck drivers and later released footage of one being shot and killed.The other two Turkish truck drivers had been released by 4 August 2004 when their employers agreed to stop shipping goods into Iraq for the US military. Abu Mus’ab al-Zarqawi’s Jama’at al-Tawhid wa’al-Jihad claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Filfayl, Iraq, unidentified attackers shot and killed a Turkish truck driver. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Baghdad, Iraq, unidentified gunmen opened fire on a truck, killing a Turkish truck driver. No group claimed responsibility.

3 August India

In Dhara Baghia, Rajouri, Kashmir, India, armed militants entered a home and attacked the occupants, killing two Muslim civilians. No group claimed responsibility.

Saudi Arabia

In eastern Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, unknown attackers shot and killed an Irish civil engineer in his office. No group claimed responsibility, although it is widely believed that al-Qaida was responsible.

Venezuela

In La Fria, Venezuela, unknown assailants kidnapped and later killed two men for distributing identification cards to Colombian citizens working in the Venezuelan border area. Colombian paramilitary forces claimed responsibility.

4 August India

In Srinagar, Kashmir, India, armed militants attacked an army camp, killing nine soldiers and wounding nine others. The attack came hours before India and Pakistan met for peace talks. Al-Mansurian claimed responsibility.

India

In Raj Bagh, Srinagar, Kashmir, India, armed militants attacked a police camp, killing three policemen and wounding six others. Al-Mansurian claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Karbala, Iraq, militants kidnapped the Iranian Consul in Karbala. He was released on 27 September 2004. A group calling itself the Islamic Army of Iraq claimed responsibility.

5 August India

In Assam, India, militants abducted a Royal Bhutan Army soldier. On 26 August 2004, the soldier’s body was found in the Dhansiri River. No group claimed responsibility, although it is widely believed that either the United Liberation Front of Assam or National Democratic Front of Bodoland was responsible.

Iraq

In Baghdad, Iraq, unknown attackers kidnapped three international civilians (2 Lebanese; 1 Syrian). On 16 August 2004, the three kidnapped men were released. No group claimed responsibility.

6 August India

In Arigoripora, Kashmir, India, armed militants attacked a village, killing two soldiers and one civilian, and wounding two soldiers and one civilian. No group claimed responsibility.

7 August India

In Jogma Kalan Khour, Kashmir, India, a landmine exploded, injuring three civilians. No group claimed responsibility.

8 August India

In Pulwama District, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants detonated a roadside bomb as a convoy passed, killing one soldier. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Kashmir, India, a landmine exploded, killing one soldier and wounding 10 others. No group claimed responsibility.

10 August Iraq

In Iraq, unknown assailants kidnapped and decapitated an Egyptian national. Abu Mus’ab al-Zarqawi’s Jama’at al-Tawhid wa’al-Jihad claimed responsibility.

Turkey

In Istanbul, Turkey, two bombs exploded simultaneously at two tourist hotels, killing two people, including one Iranian and wounding 11 others ([including] 1 Ukrainian; 2 Chinese; 4 Spanish; 2 Dutch). The Freedom Falcons of Kurdistan (aligned with the Kongra-Gel/PKK) and the Abu Hafs al-Masri Brigades both claimed responsibility, although local authorities suspected the Kongra-Gel.

11 August Iraq

In Iraq, an improvised explosive device exploded as a convoy delivering supplies and equipment to US troops passed, killing an American truck driver. No group claimed responsibility.

Israel

In Jerusalem, Israel, a car bomb exploded on the road between two Israeli army checkpoints, killing two Palestinians and wounding seven Israelis and eight Palestinians. The al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade claimed responsibility.

12 August Iraq

In Baghdad, Iraq, an improvised explosive device exploded, killing an Indian contractor and wounding three others. No group claimed responsibility.

13 August Iraq

In Basra, Iraq, 20 masked gunmen abducted a British journalist and released him the same day. A group calling itself Abu al-Abbas claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Nasiriyah, Iraq, two armed men kidnapped a US journalist and his Iraqi translator. On 22 August 2004, the journalist and translator were released. A group calling itself the Mahdi Army claimed responsibility.

West Bank

In Itamar,West Bank, unknown attackers opened fire on a group of Israeli settlers, killing one Jewish settler and wounding one other.The Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade claimed responsibility.

14 August Iraq

In Mosul, Iraq, armed assailants kidnapped two Turkish truck drivers. Police later discovered the bodies of the two victims and one unidentified man. Abu Mus’ab al-Zarqawi’s Jama’at al-Tawhid wa’al-Jihad claimed responsibility.

16 August Iraq

In Mosul, Iraq, unidentified assailants attacked a civilian convoy, killing a South African security contractor. No group claimed responsibility.

18 August Gaza Strip

In N’vei Dekalim, Gaza Strip, unknown attackers fired two mortar rounds into an Israeli settlement, injuring two settlers. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Malachamlan, Udhampur District, Kashmir, India armed militants broke into a home, killing a man and his three children No group claimed responsibility, but it is widely believed that Lashkar-e-Tawiba was responsible.

19 August Iraq

South of Baghdad, Iraq, unknown assailants kidnapped two French journalists as they traveled to Najaf. On 28 August 2004, the captors released a video of the French journalists. On 21 December 2004, the journalists were released. No group claimed responsibility.

20 August Iraq

Between Baghdad and Najaf, Iraq, militants attacked a vehicle carrying an Italian journalist, kidnapping him and killing his driver. On 26 August 2004, the journalist was executed. A group calling itself the Islamic Army in Iraq, the 1920 Brigade claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Iraq, militants abducted 12 Nepalese employees of a Jordanian firm in Iraq. The hostages were killed on 31 August 2004. Ansar al-Sunna claimed responsibility.

Ukraine

In Kiev, Ukraine, two bombs hidden in trash cans at the Troyeshchyna Market exploded within three minutes of each other, killing one woman and injuring 13 others, including five Vietnamese and an unspecified number of Bangladeshis and Pakistanis. No group claimed responsibility, but police arrested five suspects, two of whom had membership cards from the nationalist Ukrainian People’s Party (PUP). The PUP, however, denied involvement and claimed the membership cards were fake.

21 August India

In Kupwara District, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants shot and killed two Indian soldiers in an ambush. No group claimed responsibility.

Spain

In San Xenxo, Spain, a small bomb in a glass-recycling container exploded near a resort, injuring four people, including two Portuguese citizens.This was one of two attacks reported in northern Spain on this day, although this was the only attack to impact international assets. The Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA) claimed responsibility.

22 August Gaza Strip

In Morag, Gaza Strip, attackers fired three mortar rounds into a settlement, injuring nine Israelis.The Izz al-Din al-Qassam Brigades (HAMAS) claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Mosul, Iraq, unidentified gunmen shot and killed an Indonesian engineer. No group claimed responsibility.

23 August India

In Safarwaw Gund, Kashmir, India, armed militants shot and killed two Muslims believed to be police informants. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In the Budgam District, Kashmir, India, armed militants shot and killed two Muslims believed to be police informants. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Sopore, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants killed a policeman and injured a civilian at a bus stop. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Bayji, Iraq, an unknown gunman shot and killed a Turkish oil engineer and two Iraqis as they left the Bayji oil refinery. No group claimed responsibility.

24 August Russia

A suicide bomber aboard a Sibir Airlines Tu-134 airplane traveling from Domodedovo airport Moscow to Volgograd, detonated an explosive device in the lavatory, causing the plane to crash in the Tula Region, near the village of Buchaiki, Russia, killing 44 people, including one Israeli civilian. The Islambouli Brigades and the Riyad us-Saliheyn Martyrs’ Brigade both claimed responsibility.

25 August India

In Khara, Doda District, Kashmir, India, armed militants threw a grenade at a Central Reserve Police Force bunker, missing their target and killing two children and injuring their parents. No group claimed responsibility.

26 August India

In Satipara Village, Goalpara District, Kashmir, India, a bomb exploded on a bus, killing two soldiers and a child and wounding six civilians. No group claimed responsibility, but it is widely believed that the United Liberation Front of Assam was responsible.

India

In Tangia Township, Darrang District, Kashmir, India, a grenade exploded in a crowded market, injuring seven civilians. No group claimed responsibility, but it is widely believed that the United Liberation Front of Assam was responsible.

Sudan

A group of 15 Eritreans being repatriated from Libya hijacked the Libyan military transport carrying them, slightly injuring a member of the crew and taking 69 other Eritrean passengers hostage.The hijackers, who had illegally entered Libya, forced the plane to land in Khartoum, Sudan, and demanded asylum for unspecified political reasons. The hijackers, lacking fuel for the aircraft, were then forced to surrender to Sudanese authorities.They were later sentenced to five years in prison and deported to an undisclosed location.

27 August Iraq

In Bayji, Iraq, unknown attackers killed one Egyptian worker and abducted one other. On 5 September 2004, in Bayji, Iraq, the dead body of the abducted Egyptian was found by a roadside. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Bayji, Iraq, unidentified attackers shot and killed two civilians, including one Turk. No group claimed responsibility.

28 August India

In Kulgam, Kashmir, India, a bomb hidden in front of a residence exploded, killing two children and injuring one other. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Doda District, Kashmir, India, armed militants shot and killed a 56-year-old Muslim man. This attack came as India and Pakistan agreed to hold talks on Kashmir. No group claimed responsibility.

Nepal

In Basamadi, Makwanpur District, Nepal, 15 assailants detonated three bombs inside the Indian-owned Nepal Lever Public Limited Company building, causing significant damage to heavy equipment in the factory. No group claimed responsibility, although it is widely believed the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)/United People’s Front was responsible.

Sudan

In Darfur, Sudan, unidentified armed men kidnapped eight aid workers.The victims, all Sudanese nationals, worked for the Red Crescent and the World Food Program in the militant-held area. The aid workers were later released unharmed on 1 September 2004. No group claimed responsibility, but the Government of Sudan blamed the Sudan Liberation Army (SLA).

29 August Afghanistan

In the Shari-i-Naw area of Kabul, Afghanistan, an improvised explosive device exploded in front of a DynCorp facility, killing ten people (3 American; 3 Nepalese; 4 Afghan) and wounding 22 others (1 American; 2 Nepalese; 19 Afghan). The blast also destroyed several vehicles in the surrounding area and caused unspecified damage to the building.The Taliban claimed responsibility.

31 August India

In Srinagar, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants threw a grenade at a bus, killing one teacher and injuring 20 civilians; including four police officers. No group claimed responsibility.

Israel

In Beersheba, Israel, two suicide bombers simultaneously blew up two Israeli buses, killing 16 people and injuring 85 others. HAMAS claimed responsibility.

Russia

In Moscow, Russia, a female suicide bomber blew herself up at the Rizhskaya subway stop, killing nine civilians and wounding more than fifty others, including a Georgian citizen. The Islambouli Brigades claimed responsibility.

1 September India

In the Badgam District, Kashmir, India, armed militants shot and killed a senior official of the People’s Democratic Party. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Anantnag District, Kashmir, India, militants shot at two counter-insurgents, killing one and seriously wounding the other. No group claimed responsibility.

Russia

In North Ossetia, Beslan, Russia, 32 armed men and women seized School Number 1 on the first day of school, taking over 1,300 people hostage for two days with little or no food or water. On 3 September 2004, an explosion inside the gymnasium where hostages were held sparked a fierce gun battle between the hostage takers and security forces. According to official figures, 331 people were killed, 172 of them children, though many believe the actual number of deaths was higher. More than 600 others were injured. On 17 May 2005, a surviving hostage-taker will stand trial. The Riyad us-Saliheyn Martyrs’ Brigade claimed responsibility.

2 September India

In Nishbat Bagh, Srinagar, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants threw a grenade at a police station, wounding six policemen and two civilians. No group claimed responsibility.

India

Early in the day, in the Rajouri District, Kashmir, India, militants shot at a family, killing a teenage boy and injuring his mother and sister. This attack came as India and Pakistan agreed to hold talks on Kashmir. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

North of Baghdad, Iraq, the bodies of three Turkish truck drivers were found shot to death. No group claimed responsibility.

3 September Afghanistan

In Jalalabad, Nangarhar Province, Afghanistan, unknown assailants fired four rockets, hitting the property of a Swedish aid agency and injuring an Afghan woman and child. No group claimed responsibility.

Afghanistan

In Kandahar, Afghanistan, a bomb exploded near a UN vehicle, killing an Afghan civilian and wounding five others, including a US liaison officer. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Sheendara, near Poonch, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants shot and killed an Indian soldier and took two civilians hostage inside a mosque.The two civilians were rescued two hours later, but the militants escaped. No group claimed responsibility.

4 September Iraq

In Iraq, unidentified assailants kidnapped a Turkish driver. On 6 September 2004, the kidnappers released the driver. A group calling itself the Islamic Resistance Movement, Nu’-man Brigades claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Taji, Iraq, unknown attackers fired on a vehicle returning from Camp Anaconda, killing a US contractor and critically wounding one of his bodyguards. No group claimed responsibility.

5 September Iraq

In Fallujah, Iraq, unknown assailants kidnapped four truck drivers (3 Jordanian; 1 Sudanese). On 6 September 2004, the victims were released. A group calling itself the Fallujah Mujahideen claimed responsibility.

7 September India

In Udhampur District, Kashmir, India, armed militants shot and killed two civilians. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Baghdad, Iraq, armed gunmen stormed a villa occupied by the Italian humanitarian aid group Bridge to Iraq, taking four hostages, including two Italians.The kidnappers released the hostages on 28 September 2004. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

Near Samarra, Iraq, armed men using anti-tank weapons, rocket propelled grenades, and rifles attacked a truck convoy, killing a Turkish driver and destroying his truck. No groups claimed responsibility.

8 September India

In the village of Maria Doria, Rajouri Region, Kashmir, India, armed militants stormed a village and beheaded three Muslim civilians. No groups claimed responsibility

Nepal

In Dolpa District, Nepal, assailants kidnapped members of a medical team (1 American, 1 British, 1 Nepalese). Assailants assaulted the US citizen and robbed the team of medical supplies and equipment.The victims were ultimately released. No groups claimed responsibility, although it is widely believed that the Communist part of Nepal (Maoist)/United People’s Front was responsible.

9 September India

In the town of Doda, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants detonated a bomb under a bus carrying military personnel, killing two soldiers. Hizbul-Mujahedin claimed responsibility.

India

In Pul Doda Morh, Doda district, Kashmir, India, a bomb exploded on the road, killing three police officers and injuring four others. Hizbul-Mujahedin claimed responsibility.

India

In Kashmir, India, Islamic militants killed two civilians and injured three others during a shootout with Indian soldiers. No group claimed responsibility

Indonesia

In Jakarta, Indonesia, armed militants detonated a car bomb outside the Australian embassy, killing 10 people including nine Indonesians and wounding 182 others (4 Chinese, 1 Australian child). The car was packed with nearly 200 kilograms of explosives and caused significant damage to the embassy and nearby buildings. On 5 November 2004, Indonesian authorities captured four Jemaah Isamiya (JI) members in connected with the attack. JI claimed responsibility.

10 September India

In Budgam District, Kashmir, India, armed militants opened fire at a military checkpoint, killing two soldiers and wounding two others. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Baghdad, Iraq, unknown gunmen disguised as Iraqi police officers attacked a house, killing three Lebanese occupants and wounding one other. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Baghdad, Iraq, unidentified gunmen opened fire on a civilian vehicle, killing one US civilian. No group claimed responsibility.

11 September India

In Kulgam, Anantnag District, Kashmir, India, armed militants threw a grenade at the home of a Communist Party activist, killing one of the occupants and wounding one other. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In the afternoon, in Kupwara, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants threw a grenade into a crowded marketplace, killing one civilian and wounding four police officers and 16 civilians. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Srinagar, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants fired a grenade at the York Hotel, injuring three soldiers. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Kashmir, India, assailants attacked the Central Reserve Police Force, killing three Indian soldiers. Indian authorities associated this attack with hardliners’ resistance to India-Pakistan peace talks. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Basra, Iraq, unknown attackers detonated a bomb outside a US consular office, killing one civilian and injuring two others. No group claimed responsibility.

12 September India

In Srinagar, Kashmir, India, three armed militants launched a suicide attack on an army camp, killing three soldiers and wounding five others. One militant fled after soldiers killed two of his companions. Al-Mansurian claimed responsibility.

India

In Khanetar Top, Poonch District, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants detonated a bomb, killing one civilian and wounding one other. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Poonch District, Kashmir, India, armed militants invaded a home and opened fire at the occupants, killing three members of a family. No group claimed responsibility, but it is widely believed that Lashkar-e-Tayyiba was responsible.

13 September Iraq

In Iraq, armed men loyal to Abu Mus’ab al-Zarqawi abducted and beheaded a Turkish truck driver. The video of his death was broadcast on Abu Mus’ab al-Zarqawi’s Jama’at al-Tawhid wa’al-Jihad group’s website.

14 September Iraq

Near Tikrit, Iraq, unknown assailants abducted two Turkish truck drivers en route to Kirkuk. As of 29 March 2005, the disposition of the victims was unknown. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Baghdad, Iraq, unknown assailants abducted a Jordanian truck driver.The kidnappers released the hostage on 16 September 2004. A group calling itself the Brigades of Al Tawhid Lions claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Balad, Iraq, unidentified attackers fired a rocket-propelled grenade into a civilian vehicle, killing one US contractor and wounding two others. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Baghdad, Iraq, a vehicle-borne improvised explosive device exploded, killing two Canadian civilians. No group claimed responsibility.

15 September India

In Srinagar, Kashmir, India, armed militants shot and killed an aide of a Kashmiri politician. No group claimed responsibility.

Saudi Arabia

In Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, two gunmen shot and killed a British contractor, who had been working for the Marconi Communications firm, in a shopping center parking lot.The al-Qaida Organization in the Arabian Peninsula claimed responsibility.

16 September India

In Chirpora Village, Kashmir, India, armed militants shot and killed a 17-year-old student, believed by the attackers to be a police informer. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Mansour District, Baghdad, Iraq, unknown assailants abducted two Americans and one British citizen. On 20 September 2004, the hostage takers beheaded one American. On 22 September 2004, the assailants beheaded the other American. The Briton was killed on 7 October 2004. Abu Mus’ab al-Zarqawi’s Jama’at al-Tawhid wa’al-Jihad claimed responsibility.

17 September India

In Prem Nagar, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants detonated a bomb hidden in a fruit basket, killing one civilian and wounding one other. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

Between Baghdad and Fallujah, Iraq, unknown assailants abducted three Lebanese citizens and their Iraqi driver as they traveled between Baghdad and Fallujah.The three Lebanese citizens had been released by 14 October 2004. As of the end of 2004, the disposition of the Iraqi driver was unknown. No group claimed responsibility.

Venezuela

In Apure State, Venezuela, unidentified armed militants launched an attack along the Venezuela-Colombia border, killing five soldiers and one state-oil-company employee and wounding one soldier and one civilian. No group claimed responsibility, but Venezuelan authorities suspect either Colombian left-wing guerrillas or the United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia (AUC).

18 September India

In Poonch District, India, armed militants invaded a home and beheaded a man. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Rajouri District, India, armed militants invaded a home and shot and killed two occupants. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Iraq, unknown assailants abducted a Turkish truck driver employed by the US Army. On 21 September 2004, near Mosul, Iraq, the victim’s body was discovered. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Yusufiye, Iraq, unknown assailants kidnapped 10 Turkish construction employees from Visnan. In September 2004, the company began freezing operations in hope of saving the workers. On 10 October, the assailants released the 10 Turkish hostages. The Salafist Brigades of Abu Bakr al-Siddiq claimed responsibility.

19 September India

In Pulwama, Kashmir, India, armed militants shot and killed a politician. No group claimed responsibility.

Venezuela

In Maracaibo, Venezuela, unidentified attackers threw grenades into an office building owned by the Royal Dutch Shell Oil Company, wounding a security guard and causing minor damage to the building. No group claimed responsibility.

20 September Afghanistan

In the province of Zabul, Afghanistan, a group of men that included two Pakistanis and an Arab beheaded three Afghan soldiers, who had been traveling out of uniform from the Naubahar District to the provincial capital of Qalat.The Taliban Jaish-e-Muslimeen claimed responsibility.

21 September India

In Surankote, Poonch District, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants threw a grenade at a hospital, wounding two civilians. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Ranjana Thathri Village, Doda District, Kashmir, India, militants threw a grenade at a police station, hitting the home of a 70-year-old woman, wounding her. No group claimed responsibility.

22 September India

In Anantnag District, Kashmir, India, armed militants fired grenades at a political party office, wounding six policemen. Jamiat ul-Mujahedin claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Baghdad, Iraq, unknown attackers abducted two Egyptian businessmen working for a mobile telephone company from their office. On 20 October 2004, Both hostages were released. Abu Mus’ab al-Zarqawi’s Jama’at al-Tawhid wa’al-Jihad claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Al-Qaim, Iraq, unknown assailants abducted four Egyptian and two Iraqi telecommunications workers.The victims had been installing telecommunications towers near Fallujah and Al-Qaim. On 27 September, the assailants released one Egyptian hostage and the two Iraqi hostages. On 28 September, assailants released the remaining three Egyptian hostages. No group claimed responsibility.

Israel

In Jerusalem, Israel, a female suicide bomber blew herself up as she approached a bus stop, killing two Israeli police officers and wounding 16 civilians.The al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade claimed responsibility.

24 September Gaza Strip

In the Gaza Strip, attackers fired two mortar rounds into a Jewish settlement, striking an Israeli residence and killing an American-Israeli citizen and wounding an Israeli citizen. HAMAS claimed responsibility.

26 September India

In Astop, Qazigund, Anantang District, Kashmir, India, armed militants detonated a bomb, wounding three soldiers. Hizbul-Mujahedin claimed responsibility.

Saudi Arabia

In Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, gunmen shot and killed a French defense electronics worker as he sat in his car near a supermarket. No group claimed responsibility, although it is widely believed that al-Qaida was responsible.

27 September Gaza Strip

In Gaza City, Gaza Strip, armed Palestinians stopped a car carrying a CNN producer and another passenger. The gunmen kidnapped the producer and left the other passenger unharmed. The producer was released unharmed on 28 September 2004. The al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade claimed responsibility.

Iraq

Near Mosul, Iraq, unknown perpetrators attacked a truck carrying construction material, killing a Turkish driver. No group claimed responsibility.

28 September India

In Achhad, Poonch District, Kashmir, India, armed militants attacked a police patrol, killing one police officer and wounding one other. No group claimed responsibility, although it was widely believed that Hizbul-Mujahedin was responsible.

Iraq

In Iraq, an improvised explosive device exploded near a US convoy, killing one US contractor. No group claimed responsibility.

Peru

In Cuzco, Peru, local coca growers stormed an Inca temple and took 19 tourists (17 French; 2 German) hostage. The hostages were rescued by Peruvian Special Forces. No injuries were reported. No group claimed responsibility.

29 September India

In Chini Chowk near Ziyarat Reshi Mohalia, Kashmir, India, two armed militants attacked the vehicle of the General Secretary of Congress for Islamabad District, killing him and his bodyguard. No group claimed responsibility.

Israel

On 29 September 2004, in S’derot, Israel, unknown attackers fired rockets at a residential block, killing two children and injuring 13 other civilians. No group claimed responsibility.

West Bank

Near Hebron,West Bank, five attackers assaulted five international volunteers who had been escorting Palestinian children to school, seriously wounding all five of the volunteers ([including] 2 American; 1 Italian). No group claimed responsibility, although the civilians claimed their attackers were Jewish settlers.

30 September India

In Srinagar, Kashmir, India, two gunmen shot and killed the leader of the People’s Liberation League at his home. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Kanishpora, Baramula District, Kashmir, India, armed militants detonated a bomb, killing three civilians and wounding five others. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Iraq, unidentified assailants kidnapped 10 civilians (2 Indonesian women; 6 Iraqi; 2 Lebanese). The two Indonesian women were released on 4 October 2004. At the end of 2004, the disposition of the other hostages was unknown. A group calling itself the Islamic Army in Iraq claimed responsibility.

2 October Iraq

In Iraq, assailants released footage showing the executions of one Turkish and one Iraqi civilian. A group calling itself the Salafist Brigades of Abu Bakr al-Siddiq claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Iraq, unknown gunmen shot and killed an Italian civilian and a Turkish civilian. No group claimed responsibility.

3 October India

In Sopore, Baramula District, Kashmir, India, armed militants threw a grenade, killing one civilian and wounding three others. No group claimed responsibility.

5 October Afghanistan

Near Jaji Maidan District, Khost Province, Afghanistan, unknown assailants fired shots at a UN vehicle, injuring three Afghan election officials. No group claimed responsibility, but it is widely believed that the Taliban was responsible.

India

In Lawaypora, Kashmir, India, armed militants fired on a group of Indian military personnel, killing three soldiers. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Hanjiveera Pattan,Varmul District, Kashmir, India, an improvised explosive device exploded, damaging a security vehicle and injuring an Indian soldier. No group claimed responsibility, but it is widely believed that Lashkar-e-Tayyiba was responsible.

7 October Egypt

At the Moon Island and Baddiyah campsites, Ras al-Shitan, near Nuweiba, Egypt, two car bombs exploded, killing two Israelis and wounding 12 other people, including seven Egyptians. This incident was part of a series of attacks that occurred on this day. Egyptian security service officials claimed that two Egyptians carried out the attacks and were still at large. Authorities arrested five other Egyptian citizens on 26 October 2004 in connection with the attacks. The Battalions of the Martyr Abdullah Azzam, al-Qaida in the Levant and Egypt claimed responsibility.

Egypt

In Taba, Egypt, Islamic assailants drove a car bomb into the lobby of the Hilton Hotel, detonating the explosives and killing 34 people ([including] 13 Israeli; 10 Egyptian; 2 Italian; 1 Russian; 1 American) and wounding 159 others (8 Russian; 2 Briton; 2 American). The hotel sustained major damage, including 10 collapsed floors.This incident was part of a series of attacks that occurred on this day. Egyptian authorities identified two militants, a Palestinian and an Egyptian, as the two perpetrators. On 26 October, authorities arrested five other Egyptian citizens in connection with the attacks. Tawhid Islamic Brigades; Jamaah al-lslamiya organization (JI); and the Battalions of the Martyr Abdullah Azzam, al-Qaida in the Levant and Egypt all claimed responsibility.

India

In Kashmir, India, armed militants shot and killed a political party worker. Harakat ul Mujahidin claimed responsibility.

India

In Kupwara District, Kashmir, India, armed militants shot and killed an off-duty soldier in his home. No group claimed responsibility.

8 October France

In Paris, France, a bomb exploded at the Indonesian Embassy, injuring 10 people and shattering windows in the embassy and nearby buildings. A group calling itself the French Armed Islamic Front claimed responsibility.

India

In Gojwara, Kashmir, India, militants threw a grenade at a military bunker, missing their target and injuring a civilian.No group claimed responsibility, but it is widely believed that Jaish-e-Mohammed was responsible.

Iraq

Near Bayji, Iraq, unknown assailants attacked a civilian fuel convoy with rocket-propelled grenades and automatic firearms, injuring one Turkish driver and destroying a fuel tanker.The attackers also kidnapped one other Turkish driver, who was later beheaded on 11 October 2004. Ansar al-Sunna claimed responsibility.

9 October India

On the Srinagar-Baramulla Highway, Kashmir, India, a militant drove a car into a bus, killing four soldiers and one civilian and injuring 15 soldiers and 20 civilians. Six civilian vehicles and the bus were also damaged in the attack. Jaishe-Mohammed claimed responsibility.

India

In the Broh Village, Kalakote Tehsil, Rajouri District, Kashmir, India, armed militants invaded a home and attacked the occupants, killing one and wounding one other. No group claimed responsibility.

Pakistan

In Chagmalai, South Waziristan, Pakistan, unknown assailants kidnapped two Chinese engineers working on Pakistan’s Gomal Zam Dam project for China’s state-owned Sino Hydro Corporation. The hostage takers demanded the release of two Uzbek extremists in exchange for the Chinese captives. On 14 October 2004, Pakistani authorities conducted an operation to find the captives, rescuing one and finding the other to be dead. No group claimed responsibility.

10 October Haiti

In Gonvaives, Haiti, unidentified armed men shot and injured a UN peacekeeper from the Argentine Marine contingent.The UN peacekeepers and the Haitian police were conducting a joint operation when the attack occurred. No group claimed responsibility.

Haiti

In Port-au-Prince, Haiti, unidentified armed men attacked and injured a member of the Brazilian UN contingent during a gun battle in the Bel Air neighborhood. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Baghdad, Iraq, unidentified assailants kidnapped a US freelance photographer for World Picture News. The victim was released on 13 October 2004. No group claimed responsibility.

12 October Iraq

In Iraq, unidentified kidnappers abducted a Jordanian businessman. The kidnappers released the victim on 26 October 2004. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Iraq, unknown assailants attacked two South African civilians, killing them both. No group claimed responsibility.

13 October India

In Phislan area, Pahalgam District, Kashmir, India, a landmine exploded, injuring three poll officers, three security guards, and one driver. No group claimed responsibility.

14 October India

In the Shalimar area, Kashmir, India, armed militants entered the home of a land broker and slit his throat. Al-Mansurian claimed responsibility.

India

In Lard Mahore, Udhampur District, Kashmir, India, armed militants invaded a home and attacked the occupants, killing a man and injuring a girl. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Samarra, Iraq, unidentified gunmen attacked a civilian supply convoy, kidnapping two Turkish drivers. As of the end of 2004, the disposition of the victims was unknown. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Baghdad, Iraq, two bombs exploded at an outdoor shopping area and in a cafe in the Green Zone, killing four US citizens and wounding 18 other people. Abu Mus’ab al-Zarqawi’s Jama’at al-Tawhid wa’al-Jihad claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Iraq, unidentified assailants kidnapped a Turkish truck driver. On 14 October 2004, a video was found showing the beheading of a Turkish truck driver, presumed to be the kidnapped victim. Ansar al-Sunna claimed responsibility.

15 October India

In New Theed, Harwan area, Kashmir, India, four armed militants invaded a home and attacked the occupants, killing a political official and his son. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In the Pattan area, Baramula District, Kashmir, India, armed militants shot and injured a People’s Democratic Party activist. No group claimed responsibility.

16 October Iraq

In Baghdad, Iraq, unidentified kidnappers abducted an Australian journalist.The journalist was released on 17 October 2004. No group claimed responsibility.

18 October India

In Khog, Billawar, Kashmir, India, militants hurled a grenade at members of a Village Defense Committee, killing one and wounding 14 others. Although no group claimed responsibility, it is widely believed that Lashkar-e-Tayyiba was responsible.

19 October Iraq

Unknown assailants kidnapped a humanitarian worker. The Arabic satellite station Al-Jazeera reported on 16 November 2004 that it had a tape of the victim’s murder, and the British Foreign Office indicated that the woman executed on the tape is the humanitarian worker previously kidnapped. A body of a western woman was found in Fallujah, but was determined to be a different, unidentified victim. No group claimed responsibility.

20 October India

In the Narbal Village, Kashmir, India, armed militants invaded a home and attacked the occupants, killing two civilians. No group claimed responsibility.

21 October India

In Sarnal Village, near Anantnag, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants shot and killed the former Jammu-Kashmir State Minister and seriously injured his security guard. No group claimed responsibility.

22 October Gaza Strip

In N’vei Dekalim, Gaza Strip, attackers fired fifteen mortars into an Israeli settlement, damaging several homes. HAMAS claimed responsibility.

23 October Afghanistan

In Kabul, Afghanistan, an assailant detonated a bomb on Chicken Street, a shopping area for tourists, killing two civilians (1 American; 1 Afghan) and wounding three Icelandic soldiers and five Afghan civilians.The Taliban claimed responsibility.

India

In Kashmir, India, militants beheaded a woman. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Balidiyat, Iraq, unidentified gunmen fired on a group of truck drivers, killing two drivers (1 Turkish; 1 Croatian) and wounding two others. No group claimed responsibility.

24 October India

In Kashmir, India, armed militants detonated a remotecontrolled improvised explosive device at a funeral, killing one civilian and wounding six others. The leader of the National Conference Party, who was in attendance at the funeral, was not harmed. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Chanapore, Srinagar, Kashmir, India, armed militants fired shots through a house window, killing a former militant. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Salbala, Gool, Udhampur District, Kashmir, India, armed militants invaded a home and opened fire on the occupants, killing two people and wounding two others. One resident was kidnapped, and his body was later found by police. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In the Ramsoo area, Doda District, Kashmir, India, armed militants invaded a home and attacked the occupants, killing a teenage girl and injuring her brother. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Baghdad, Iraq, unknown assailants kidnapped a Japanese civilian. Authorities found the victim’s beheaded body on 31 October 2004. Abu Mus’ab al-Zarqawi’s Tanzim Qaidat al-Jihad fi Bilad al-Rafidayn (QJBR) (al-Qaida in Iraq) claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Bayji, Iraq, assailants shot and killed a Turkish truck driver. No group claimed responsibility.

Turkey

In Trabzon,Turkey, a bomb exploded at a McDonald’s restaurant, injuring six people. No group claimed responsibility.

25 October India

Near Zainapora, Shopian, Kashmir, India, militants fired at the motorcade of the Divisional Commissioner for the Muslim-Majority Kashmir Valley, injuring one security guard. The Commissioner was not harmed. Jaish-e-Mohammed and Harakat ul Mujahidin claimed joint responsibility.

26 October France

In Olmeto, Corsica, France, a bomb exploded outside a vacation home owned by an Italian family, causing significant damage to the home. This attack was one of several attacks during the month of October, although it is the only one affecting international assets. No group claimed responsibility.

27 October Iraq

In Baghdad, Iraq, assailants abducted a Polish national with Iraqi citizenship. The victim was released on 24 November 2004. A group calling itself the Abu Bakr al-Siddiq Fundamentalist Brigades claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Baghdad, Iraq, an improvised explosive device exploded near a civilian vehicle, killing one US contractor. No group claimed responsibility.

28 October Afghanistan

In Kabul, Afghanistan, assailants kidnapped three UN election workers (1 Filipino; 1 Kosovar Albanian; 1 Irish) as they traveled in a UN vehicle. On 23 November 2004, the captors released the three kidnapped UN election workers unharmed. The Taliban Jaish-e-Muslimeen claimed responsibility.

India

In Budgam District, Kashmir, India, armed militants fired at Indian military personnel, killing one soldier and one civilian and injuring one other. One other civilian was also killed in the crossfire. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In the Numtahaal Village, Kashmir, India, armed militants posing as villagers, attacked a military camp with grenades and small arms, killing one soldier and one civilian and injuring four soldiers and one civilian. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

Near a US base in Fallujah, unknown assailants kidnapped one Bangladeshi and one Sri Lankan. As of the end of 2004, the disposition of the two victims was unknown.The Islamic Army in Iraq claimed responsibility.

Pakistan

In Islamabad, Pakistan, a bomb exploded at the Marriott Hotel, injuring eight people (1 American diplomat; 3 Italian; 4 Pakistani). The hotel lobby also suffered minor damage from the blast. Al-Qaida claimed responsibility.

Thailand

In Sungai Kolok, Narathiwat Province,Thailand, two unidentified perpetrators on a motorcycle approached a bar and deposited a package containing a remote-controlled bomb, which exploded moments later, killing two, including one Malaysian, and injuring 20 others, including one Malaysian. No group claimed responsibility.

29 October India

In the Sanat Nagar suburb, Srinagar, Kashmir, India, an improvised explosive device strapped to a bicycle exploded, killing one police officer and injuring two civilians. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In the Qazibagh area, Anantnag District, Srinagar, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants lobbed grenades at a police unit, killing one policeman and injuring one other. A civilian was also injured in the crossfire. Hizbul-Mujahedin claimed responsibility.

India

In Qazibagh, Srinagar, Kashmir, India, militants hurled a grenade at Indian troops, injuring two soldiers. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In the Mahore area, Udhampur District, Kashmir, India, armed militants attacked the home of a member of India’s ruling Congress Party, killing him and his son. His wife was also seriously injured in the attack. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Ramadi, Iraq, attackers kidnapped a Sudanese civilian working for a US contractor. The victim was released on 6 November 2004. A group calling itself the Islamic Army in Iraq, the 1920 Revolution Brigades claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Yarmuk Square, Mosul, Iraq, unidentified gunmen ambushed a convoy carrying bottled water, killing one Turkish truck driver and destroying a truck. No group claimed responsibility.

30 October Iraq

In Baghdad, Iraq, unidentified attackers detonated a car bomb outside of the Dubai-based al-Arabiya television station, killing five civilians, wounding 14 others, and collapsing the first floor of the building. A group calling itself the Islamic Army in Iraq, the 1920 Revolution Brigades claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Baghdad, Iraq, attackers kidnapped a Sudanese man who had been working as an interpreter for a US contractor. On 6 November 2004, the interpreter was released unharmed.A group calling itself the Islamic Army in Iraq, the 1920 Revolution Brigades claimed responsibility.

31 October India

In Srinagar, Kashmir, India, a Muslim militant fired at a crowded marketplace, injuring a policeman and a civilian before being subdued by police. No group claimed responsibility.

1 November India

In Shopian, Kashmir, India, militants threw a grenade into a crowded marketplace near a police bunker, injuring 21 civilians. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In the Rajouri District, Kashmir, India, militants beheaded a civilian. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In the Poonch District, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants beheaded a civilian. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In the Surankote area, Poonch District, Kashmir, India, armed militants attempted to abduct a Special Police Officer, shooting and wounding him when he resisted. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Baghdad, Iraq, unknown assailants kidnapped six workers (1 American; 1 Filipino; 1 Nepalese) from their office in the Mansour District. On 2 November 2004, the captors released the three Iraqi hostages. On 5 November 2004, they released the Nepalese captive. As of the end of 2004, the disposition of the US and Filipino hostages was unknown. No group claimed responsibility.

Israel

At the Carmel Market in Tel Aviv, Israel, a suicide bomber detonated an explosive device, killing three civilians and injuring 30 others. The Popular Front for Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) claimed responsibility.

2 November India

In Sopore, Kashmir, India, armed militants threw a grenade at Border Security Forces, injuring one soldier. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Gund Kangan, Kashmir, India, armed militants kidnapped a retired police officer. He was later found dead from gunshot wounds. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In the Village of Litter, Pulwama District, Kashmir, India, armed militants shot and killed a police officer in his home. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In the Kanagan area, Srinagar, Kashmir, India, armed militants shot and killed a People’s Democratic Party member in his home. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Baghdad, Iraq, unknown assailants abducted a Lebanese-American from his office in the Mansour District. As of 29 March 2005, the disposition of the victim was unknown. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Rutba, Iraq, unidentified assailants attacked a group of Jordanian truck drivers, killing one and kidnapping three others. The three drivers were released on 11 November 2004. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Baghdad, Iraq, unidentified gunmen shot and killed a US contractor paramedic. No group claimed responsibility.

3 November India

In the Kupwara District, Kashmir, India, armed militants shot and killed a man suspected by the attackers of being a police informer. No group claimed responsibility.

6 November India

In Sopore, Srinagar, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants attacked a Border Security Force camp with grenades and small arms, killing one soldier and wounding four others. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Kashmir, India, Islamic militants threw a grenade at soldiers in a shopping area, killing two soldiers and injuring one soldier and one civilian. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Budgam, Kashmir, India, armed militants attacked the home of an Indian Congress Party member, killing a civilian and a guard.The politician was not harmed in the attack. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

Near Mosul, Iraq, a bomb exploded, killing a Turkish truck driver, destroying two Turkish transport vehicles, and damaging a US military vehicle. No group claimed responsibility.

7 November Iraq

In Basra, Iraq, unidentified assailants detonated an improvised explosive device under an armored vehicle carrying employees of Olive Security, a London-based security firm, killing one British and one South African bodyguard. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

Near Samarra, Iraq, unidentified attackers shot and killed a Turkish truck driver. No group claimed responsibility.

West Bank

In Shomron, West Bank, gunmen attacked a crowd on a street, killing one Israeli and wounding two others. The al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade claimed responsibility.

8 November India

In the Sundervani Village, Kashmir, India, a suicide bomber blew himself up in front of a military camp, injuring four soldiers, three critically.The blast also damaged the entrance to the camp. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Kashmir, India, armed militants shot at a house belonging to an Indian Congress Party leader, killing one civilian and one police officer.The politician was not at home during the attack. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Baghdad, Iraq, an unidentified suicide bomber attempted to assassinate a US weapons inspector, killing two members of the security detail. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Al-Zubayr, outside Basra, Iraq, unidentified assailants detonated an improvised explosive device as a convoy of vehicles passed, killing at least two private contractors, including one Briton, and injuring one other contractor. No group claimed responsibility.

9 November Iraq

In Mosul, Iraq, unidentified gunmen shot and killed a Turkish truck driver. No group claimed responsibility.

Philippines

In Kauswagan, Lanao del Norte Province, Philippines, four masked gunmen kidnapped the project director for the Italian relief organization Movimondo and two Filipino civilians.The three victims were released unharmed. No group claimed responsibility, although authorities believe that a Muslim separatist group, possibly the Abu Sayyaf Group, was responsible.

Serbia

In Urosevac, Kosovo, Serbia and Montenegro, a car bomb exploded at the Ben-af shopping mall as police and US peacekeepers inspected the vehicle for explosives, injuring one US soldier and one civilian. No group claimed responsibility.

10 November Iraq

In Balad, Iraq, an improvised explosive device exploded, killing an American DynCorp employee, who had been in Iraq to train policemen. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

Near Jebel Makhul, Iraq, unidentified attackers killed a Turkish truck driver and burned his vehicle. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Tikrit, Iraq, a roadside bomb exploded as a US convoy passed, killing a US contractor. No group claimed responsibility.

11 November Iraq

In Baghdad, Iraq, unidentified assailants kidnapped a US citizen from his home in the Mansour District. As of the end of 2004, the disposition of the victim was unknown. A group calling itself the Islamic Army in Iraq, 1920 Revolution Brigades claimed responsibility.

12 November Iraq

In Balad, Iraq, unidentified attackers shot and killed a Turkish driver. Authorities noted that the victim had been previously kidnapped and released after agreeing to not work for the US military. No group claimed responsibility.

13 November India

At Nadimarg, in the Pulwama District, Kashmir, India, militants attacked a police post, killing three policemen. Although no group claimed responsibility, it is widely believed that both Jaish-e-Mohammed and Lashkar-e-Tayyiba were responsible.

14 November Iraq

In Baghdad, Iraq, unknown assailants shot and killed a US contractor. No group claimed responsibility.

15 November India

In the Magam area of the Badgam District, Kashmir, India, militants invaded a house and attacked the occupants, killing six people. Although no group claimed responsibility, it is widely believed that Hizbul-Mujahedin was responsible.

India

In the Magam area, Badgam District, Kashmir, India, militants shot and killed the widow of a counter-insurgent. Although no group claimed responsibility, it is widely believed that the Hizbul-Mujahedin was responsible.

Thailand

In Krong Pinang District, Thailand, unknown attackers entered a home and opened fire on the occupants, killing a retired Thai police officer and a Burmese teenager. No group claimed responsibility, although authorities believe Islamic separatists were responsible.

16 November India

In Kachdora, in the Pulwama District, Kashmir, India, armed militants attacked military personnel guarding a bank on Shopian-Kulgam Road, killing one soldier and injuring two others. No group claimed responsibility.

17 November Argentina

In Buenos Aires, Argentina, near-simultaneous bombs exploded at three bank locations in the city, killing one security guard, injuring one police officer, and causing minor damage to the exteriors of the banks. The first two bombs exploded at two US-owned Citibank branch locations.The third explosion occurred at a branch of Banco Galicia. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Doda District, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants detonated a bomb during a funeral ceremony, killing one civilian and injuring four others. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Kupwara District, Kashmir, India, armed militants shot and killed a policeman. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Anantnag District, Kashmir, India, armed militants shot and injured a People’s Democratic Party worker. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Baghdad, Iraq, unknown attackers fired rocket-propelled grenades at a civilian convoy, killing three Turkish truck drivers. No group claimed responsibility.

18 November India

In Kulangam, Kupwara District, Kashmir, India, armed militants invaded the house of a former Hizbul-Mujahedin member, killing him and his teenage daughter. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Shahdhra Sharief Village, Rajouri District, Kashmir, India, armed militants abducted the village chief from his home.The victim’s body was found on 24 November 2004. No group claimed responsibility.

19 November India

In the Bahramgali area, Poonch District, Kashmir, India, an army convoy drove over a landmine, killing three soldiers and wounding four others. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Baramulla District, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants engaged Indian soldiers, killing a bystander during the gunfight. No group claimed responsibility.

India

At Shalagund, near Lalpora, in Kupwara District, Kashmir, India, armed militants invaded a home and kidnapped the occupant. As of 29 March 2005, the disposition of the victim was unknown. No group claimed responsibility.

21 November Gaza Strip

On the Kissufim Road, Gaza Strip gunmen ambushed a group of cars carrying Jewish settlers, wounding nine of the settlers. Islamic Jihad Jerusalem and the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) claimed joint responsibility.

22 November India

In the Dangiwachi Village, Baramulla District, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants shot at a police post, killing one police officer and seriously injuring two others. No group claimed responsibility.

23 November India

In Anantnag District, Kashmir, India, armed militants shot and killed an Indian soldier in his home. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Kunzer Village, in northern Baramula District, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants shot and killed a former militant and his brother-in-law outside their home. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Kirkuk, Iraq, unknown assailants invaded the home of a Turkish contractor working for US forces in Iraq, abducting the contractor and injuring two of his family members. As of the end of 2004, the disposition of the victim was unknown. No group claimed responsibility.

24 November India

In Baramula District, Kashmir, India, militants threw a grenade at a military bunker, missing their target and killing three nearby civilians. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Indira Chowk, Kashmir, India, armed militants threw a grenade into a shopping area, injuring 17 civilians. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Baghdad, Iraq, gunmen shot and killed a US diplomat who had been serving as senior consultant to the Iraqi Ministers of Education and Higher Education. Abu Mus’ab al-Zarqawi’s Tanzim Qaidat al Jihad fi Bilad al-Rafidayn (QJBR) (al-Qaida in Iraq) claimed responsibility.

25 November India

In Anchidora, Anantnag District, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants attacked a police patrol, killing two officers and injuring one other. No group claimed responsibility.

India

Near Anantnag District, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants shot at police officers, killing two and wounding two others. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Doda District, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants shot and killed two members of the local Village Defense Committee. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In the Baramulla District, Kashmir, India, armed militants dragged a high school student out of his home and shot him to death. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Baghdad, Iraq, unknown assailants fired mortars into the Green Zone, killing four British contractors and wounding 15 other civilians. Ansar al-Sunna claimed responsibility.

26 November India

In the town of Sopore, Kashmir, India, a bomb, tied to a dog, exploded inside a shopping area, wounding four civilians. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In the Anantnag District, Kashmir, India, armed militants ambushed a military vehicle, killing two soldiers and injuring two others. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In the Dachan area, Doda District, Kashmir, India, unknown gunmen shot and killed two Special Police Officers. No group claimed responsibility.

27 November India

In Shudaan Village, Doda District, Kashmir, India, militants shot and injured two police officers on Bharath Road. Although no group claimed responsibility, it is widely believed that Lashkar-e-Tayyiba was responsible.

India

In Budgam District, Kashmir, India, armed militants shot and killed a former militant. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Baramulla District, Kashmir, India, armed militants shot and killed a former militant. No group claimed responsibility.

28 November India

In Anantnag District, Kashmir, India, armed militants shot and killed a former militant outside his home. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Anantnag District, Kashmir, India, armed militants killed a former commander of Ikhwan, an Indian counterinsurgency group, outside his home. No group claimed responsibility.

29 November India

In Srinagar, Kashmir, India, armed militants threw a grenade at a Central Reserve Police Force bunker, missing their target and injuring four civilians and two police officers in the nearby Lal Chowk marketplace. Al Khandaq claimed responsibility.

30 November India

In Jehangir Chowk, Srinagar, Kashmir, India, armed militants threw two grenades at a police patrol, injuring two police officers and four civilians. No group claimed responsibility.

3 December India

In the Sopore area, Baramula District Kashmir, India, two militants attacked a police camp with small arms, killing five officers and injuring seven others. Al-Mansurian claimed responsibility.

4 December Iraq

In Bayji, Iraq, an improvised explosive device exploded, killing an unidentified truck driver, reported to be a thirdcountry national. No group claimed responsibility. 5 December Democratic Republic of the Congo In Bunia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, unidentified armed men attacked troops from the UN Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC), wounding two peacekeepers and one civilian. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Wachi Village, Pulwama District, Kashmir, India, a landmine exploded under a jeep, killing 10 soldiers and a civilian and destroying the jeep. Hizbul-Mujahedin claimed responsibility.

6 December Saudi Arabia

In Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, five attackers broke through the gate of the US Consulate, threw explosives, and fired automatic weapons, killing five people (1 Filipino; 1 Sudanese; 1 Yemeni; 1 Indian; 1 Sri Lankan) and injuring nine others, including two Saudi Arabian National Guardsmen at the gate. The al-Qaida Organization in the Arabian Peninsula claimed responsibility.

7 December India

In Utigam Village, Beerwah area, Budgam District, Kashmir, India, unknown gunmen shot and injured a member of the Central Reserve Police Force. No group claimed responsibility.

8 December India

In Anantnag District, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants threw a grenade near a police patrol and crowded marketplace, injuring 35 civilians and one police officer. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Baghdad, Iraq, unidentified attackers ambushed a twovehicle convoy transporting contractors from Taji to Baghdad, killing two US contractors and one Iraqi national. A group calling itself the Jihad Brigades claimed responsibility.

9 December India

In Imam Sahib Village, near Shopian Township, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants attacked a police camp with small arms, killing two officers and injuring five others. Hizbul-Mujahedin claimed responsibility.

10 December Gaza Strip

In N’vei Dekalim, Gaza Strip, attackers fired five mortar rounds into an Israeli settlement, injuring four Israelis. HAMAS claimed responsibility.

India

In the village of Magani, Southern Kathua District, Kashmir, India, militants attacked a police post, killing four officers. Hizbul-Mujahedin claimed responsibility.

India

In Poonch District, Kashmir, India, militants first locked in sleeping occupants and then set fire to a house, killing one civilian. No group claimed responsibility.

Sudan

In Rejaf, near Juba, Sudan, unidentified armed men brutally attacked and killed seven people and wounded eight others. The victims, primarily women and children, were reportedly hacked to death with machetes. The perpetrators likely crossed the border into Sudan from Uganda to execute the attack. Although no group claimed responsibility, authorities blamed the Ugandan-based Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA).

12 December Gaza Strip

Near Rafah, on the Gaza-Egypt border, attackers detonated half a ton of explosives in a tunnel under an Israeli checkpoint, killing five Israeli Defense Forces troops and wounding another six. The Fatah Hawks and HAMAS claimed joint responsibility.

Gaza Strip

In Nisanit, Gaza Strip, unknown attackers fired four mortar rounds into an Israeli settlement, causing heavy damage to parts of the settlement. The Izz al-Din al-Qassam Brigades (HAMAS) claimed responsibility.

Sri Lanka

In Colombo, Western Province, Sri Lanka, a grenade exploded in the audience attending the “Temptation 2004” show, hosted at the Colombo Race Course grounds, killing one Sri Lankan journalist and one other civilian and wounding one Indian and 18 Sri Lankan civilians. No group claimed responsibility.

Sudan

Between Nyala and Al-Fashir, in Darfur, Sudan, unidentified gunmen attacked and killed two humanitarian workers from the Save the Children relief organization.The assailants also wounded another worker during the attack and seized two vehicles, which had been transporting medicine and other aid. No group claimed responsibility.

13 November Gaza Strip

In Ganei Tal, Gaza Strip, unknown attackers fired several mortar rounds at an Israeli settlement, seriously wounding a Thai worker and slightly wounding two others. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In the Gambhir area, Rajouri District, Kashmir, India, a landmine exploded, injuring an army captain. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Rajouri District, Kashmir, India, militants hanged one Muslim civilian. No group claimed responsibility.

14 December Afghanistan

Near Asadabad, Konar Province, Afghanistan, assailants kidnapped a Turkish engineer who had been working on a road project, along with his Afghan driver and interpreter. On 15 December 2004, the captors killed the Turkish engineer, but released the two Afghan hostages. No group claimed responsibility.

Gaza Strip

In N’vei Dekalim, Gaza Strip, attackers fired several mortar rounds at an Israeli settlement, injuring four people (3 Israeli; 1Belgian). HAMAS claimed responsibility.

Gaza Strip

In Khan Yunis, southern Gaza Strip, attackers fired several mortar rounds into an Israeli settlement, killing a Thai worker.The Izz al-Din al-Qassam Brigades (HAMAS) claimed responsibility.

India

In Panzigam, Bandipora area, Kashmir, India, armed militants shot and killed a former Special Police Officer in her home. No group claimed responsibility.

15 December Gaza Strip

At the Kissufim Crossing Site, Gaza Strip, gunmen opened fire on an Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) checkpoint, wounding four IDF troops and an Israeli civilian. The al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade and Palestine Islamic Jihad claimed joint responsibility.

Gaza Strip

On the Kissufim Road, Gaza Strip, a gunman shot at passing vehicles, wounding a civilian and an Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) soldier and slightly wounding three other IDF personnel. Palestine Islamic Jihad and the al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade claimed joint responsibility.

India

In the Handwara Forest area of Kupwara District, Kashmir, India, militants shot and killed a civilian and his daughter. No group claimed responsibility, although it is widely believed Hizbul-Mujahedin was responsible.

India

At Thana Mandi, in Rajouri District, Kashmir, India, militants killed an Indian soldier. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Sopore, in the Baramula District, Kashmir, India, militants threw grenades at a Border Security Force camp, injuring three police officers. No group claimed responsibility, although it is widely believed Lashkar-e-Tayyiba was responsible.

Iraq

In Balad, Iraq, unidentified assailants attacked a truck, killing two Turkish drivers and burning their vehicle. No group claimed responsibility.

Nepal

In Kailali District, Nepal, assailants kidnapped a Swiss International Development Agency employee and three Nepalese colleagues as they were traveling to the Dadeldhura District. The victims were released unharmed on 16 December 2004. Although no group claimed responsibility, it is widely believed the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)/United People’s Front was responsible.

16 December Gaza Strip

In Kissufim Crossing Site, Gaza Strip, attackers fired two rockets into a Jewish settlement, injuring six settlers. HAMAS claimed responsibility.

India

In Srinagar, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants threw a grenade at the Khanyar Police Station, injuring seven police officers. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Qazigund, Kashmir, India, armed militants threw a grenade at an office building, injuring a civilian. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Ramadi, Iraq, unidentified gunmen shot and killed an Italian aid worker at a roadblock. A group calling itself the Islamic Movement of Iraqi Mujahidin claimed responsibility.

17 December India

In Pulwama District, Kashmir, India, Muslim militants hanged a shopkeeper. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Bayji, Iraq, unidentified assailants detonated an improvised explosive device, wounding four US security contractors. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Mosul, Iraq, unidentified gunmen fired on a Turkish diplomatic convoy, killing five Turkish security officers and two Iraqi drivers and wounding the Turkish defense attache. No group claimed responsibility.

18 December India

In Anantnag District, Kashmir, India, armed militants shot and killed a member of the People’s Democratic Party. No group claimed responsibility.

20 December India

In Udhampur District, Kashmir, India, armed militants invaded a home, abducted a Muslim woman and killed her. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Tikrit, Iraq, unidentified attackers detonated an explosive device as a US convoy passed, killing one Turkish truck driver. No group claimed responsibility.

Iraq

Near Mosul, Iraq, unidentified assailants attacked a truck, killing one Turkish driver and burning his vehicle. No group claimed responsibility.

21 December Gaza Strip

In Netzarim, Gaza Strip, unknown attackers fired a rocket at a synagogue, severely damaging the building and causing eight civilians to be treated for shock. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Ganjoot Village, Mahore area of Udhampur District, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants threw grenades at Indian military forces, injuring two soldiers. Although no group claimed responsibility, it is widely believed that Lashkar-e-Tayyiba was responsible.

22 November India

In Sangam, Anantnag District, Kashmir, India, armed militants threw a grenade at a security bunker, killing one civilian and injuring five police officers and nine civilians. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Srinagar, Kashmir, India, armed militants engaged Indian troops, killing a civilian in the crossfire. No group claimed responsibility.

West Bank

West of Hebron, West Bank, unknown gunmen shot and killed an Israeli man near a barrier being built close to the border between Israel and the West Bank. The al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade claimed responsibility.

24 December India

In Pakherpora Township, Budgam District, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants threw a grenade at security forces, missing their target and killing two civilians and injuring 26 civilians and two police officers. No group claimed responsibility.

27 December Iraq

In Bayji, Iraq, unidentified gunmen shot and killed a Turkish truck driver. No group claimed responsibility.

29 December India

In Srinagar, Kashmir, India, armed militants shot and killed a senior leader of the National Conference Party. No group claimed responsibility.

India

Near Tral, Srinagar, Kashmir, India, militants engaged Indian troops, killing one soldier and three civilians. No group claimed responsibility.

India

In Sopore, Kashmir, India, militants shot and killed a soldier at a bus stop. Hizbul-Mujahedin claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Baghdad, Iraq, unidentified gunmen kidnapped two Lebanese businessmen.The kidnappers released the hostages on 16 February 2005. Musa’b Bin-Umayr-The Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility.

Iraq

In Samarra, Iraq, unidentified gunmen shot and killed a Turkish truck driver. No group claimed responsibility.

30 December India

In Pulwama District, Kashmir, India, Islamic militants opened fire on a bus, killing three civilians and injuring four others. No group claimed responsibility.

India

At Wagoora, in the Budgam District, Srinagar, Kashmir, India, armed militants invaded the home of a former militant, killing him and one civilian, and wounding one other. No group claimed responsibility.

2005

1-4 January Peru

In Peru a group of some 150 heavily armed ultra-nationalist army reservists in the town of Andahuaylas took over a police station.They killed four police and held ten hostage. One rebel was also killed. President Toledo placed a 30-day state of emergency on the region and sent in federal troops. After a 4-day siege, the rebels surrendered. Major Antauro Humala, the ringleader opposed to foreign interests in Peru, faces charges of kidnapping and murder.

3 January Pakistan

In Pakistan, opposition politician Manzoor Hussain Shah, his driver and two bodyguards were shot dead in an ambush, possibly politically motivated, on January 3.

8 January Pakistan

Ten people were killed in Shia/Sunni sectarian violence in Gilgit.

9 January Philippines

Philippine troops and separatists of the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) engaged in the worst fighting since the July 2003 ceasefire on the night of January 9, ahead of peace talks planned for next month. The fighting broke out when more than 100 MILF guerillas attacked a military post, killing at least six soldiers.

11-15 January Pakistan

Pakistan troops are guarding Baluchistan gas fields after several days of clashes with tribal militants killed at least eight people. Hostages held by the militants were freed.

16 January India

In Indian-administered Kashmir a daylong siege ended with the death of two militants and two soldiers.

18 January Spain

Spanish separatist group ETA set off a car bomb near Bilbao, injuring a police officer, amid rumors of a possible ceasefire.

Gaza Strip

In the Gaza Strip, a weekend of violence culminated in a suicide bombing on Tuesday, shortly before newly elected President Abbas arrived for ceasefire talks. The attacker killed himself and a security agent and injured six Israelis. HAMMAS claimed responsibility and Israel banned all contacts with Abbas. On 19 January there were a number of militant attacks against Israeli troops including one exchange of fire that killed two militants. To pave the way for truce talks, Israel lifted the ban on contacts with Abbas and agreed that Palestinian security would be allowed to guard the Gaza border. This police deployment is a crucial test for the Palestinian Authority and has, so far, been effective. Abbas believes a ceasefire will be in place very soon.

India

In Indian-administered Kashmir, a gun battle with security forces killed two militants; the bodies of two soldiers were found in a burnt-out building. Indian authorities report shooting four suspected militants across the Line of Control and also say that mortar shells were fired across the boundary. Pakistan denies the charge. Both parties are discussing the alleged raids.The World Bank is considering Pakistan’s request to mediate a dispute over a dam planned in an Indianadministered section of a river, in alleged breach of a sharedwater treaty.

20 January Afghanistan

Afghanistan has called for more funding for alternative crops to help eliminate the economic dependency on opium. This strategy has gained ground over short-term plans for aerial spraying to eradicate crops. Renowned Afghan warlord General Abdul Rashid Dostam escaped an attempted assassination by a suicide bomber. He was unhurt, but 25 people were injured, three critically. The Taliban claimed credit for the bombing.

Nepal

Nepal’s Maoist rebels killed at least 24 security forces. Six rebels were also killed.

24 January India

In the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh senior opposition party leader Paritala Ravi and a colleague were killed in a bomb attack. Protestors with Ravi’s party, the Telugu Desam Party, called a strike to protest the killing.The area was closed down and there were a number of violent incidents, including arson against some 400 buses.

26 January India

Suspected separatists in Assam state in India exploded five bombs on Republic Day. Two people were killed by the bombings, and eight died when Indian troops fired to disperse an angry mob.

27 January Bangladesh

Bangladeshi police are questioning 64 people accused of belonging to the banned militant Islamic group the Jagrata Muslim Janata that is blamed for clashes with security forces earlier in the week. Another grenade attack, directed against the opposition Awami League party, killed five people including former Finance Minister Shah AMS Kibria. Riots following the attack led to 50 injuries and 40 arrests and a 3-day general strike.

1 February Colombia

Colombian rebels of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) attacked a military post, killing at least 14 marines and injuring 25. This attack was followed two days later with another, in which FARC rebels set off mines on a bridge as a patrol crossed, killing 15.

Georgia

Outside a Georgian police station in Gori, a car bomb killed three policemen and injured at least ten. Gori is the regional capital of an area including the breakaway region of South Ossetia.

3 February India

In India, suspected Maoist rebels are blamed for election violence in the Indian states of Jharkhand, Bihar and Haryana. At least 20 people were killed in several incidents.

5 February Gaza Strip

In Gaza, HAMAS has begun taking control of the towns it won in the recent elections. The fragile ceasefire was threatened after a 10-year-old Palestinian girl was shot dead in the school playground and sparked a series of mortar attacks.The source of the shooting is under investigation.

7 February Iraq

25 people have been killed in two separate insurgent bombing attacks in Iraq targeting the police force.

8 February Pakistan

In Balochistan province of Pakistan attacks against government installations continued, focusing on power sources and distribution. Suspected militants used four bombs to destroy a key rail line. In south Waziristan province there have been attacks against journalists, with two shot dead.

Sri Lanka

Sri Lankan Tamil Tiger leader E Kausalyan and five associates were ambushed and shot dead. Following an angry protest by Tamil members, parliament was suspended.The government has denied responsibility but suspicion has fallen on paramilitaries. Kausalyan, a political leader, was the most senior Tiger killed since the February 2002 ceasefire and his murder raises fears of a return to civil war.

9 February Spain

In Madrid, Spain, Basque separatist group ETA claimed responsibility for a car bomb that injured 43 people.

Iraq

Nine people have been killed in another day of violence in Iraq, including a correspondent for a US-funded Arabic TV station.

10 February Colombia

Colombian rebels of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) ambushed troops in the northwest jungle, killing 20 soldiers.

Iraq

Eight Iraqi police were killed and more than 60 wounded when rebels attacked a police station south of Baghdad.

11 February India

In the Indian state of Karnataka suspected Maoist rebels attacked police, killing six.

14 February Philippines

The southern Philippines entered the second week of clashes between government forces and Muslim rebels of the Abu Sayyaf, as well as some members of the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) who object to their peace accord with the government. In addition to fierce gun battles at army and rebel camps, there were bombings in three major cities, killing dozens and injuring hundreds. Abu Sayyaf said that coordinated attacks on the 14th were a “Valentine’s Day gift” for President Arroyo, who has promised to wipe out the rebels.

Lebanon

Former Lebanese Prime Minister Rafik Hariri was killed in a massive car bomb explosion. Some 600 pounds of explosives opened up a 15-foot crater and sent a car to the third floor of a nearby hotel. In addition to Hariri, 14 others died and more than 135 were injured. It was the largest bombing in Lebanon since the end of the civil war more than 15 years ago. A previously unknown group called Victory and Jihad claimed responsibility, but there have been many other suspects, including Syria. Hariri’s funeral turned into a protest against Syria’s presence in Lebanon. The UN is sending a team of experts to investigate the attack.

17 February Russia

In the southern Russian region of Dagestan a car bomb near the Chechen border killed three and injured five. The attack was blamed on Chechen rebels.

Thailand

Thai investigators examining the Sungei Golok bombing of February 17 report the explosion, which killed six and injured 40, was both the largest bomb in the region and also the first car bombing, marking a significant escalation in violence. Warned of further inflaming tensions in the south, Thai Prime Minister Thaksin has reversed his plan to cut funding to pro-militant villages.

19 February Pakistan

Pakistan’s southwestern city of Quetta was the scene of raids in which 27 Sunni militants of the banned Lashkar-e-Jhangvi (LeJ) were detained following a suicide attack in which two militants were planning to attack a Shia religious procession. Six LeJ suspects were also arrested in Balochistan.Tribal fighting in North Waziristan killed two foreign nationals, possibly because of militant infighting.

24 February Iraq

A car bomb at police headquarters in Tikrit killed 15 and injured 22.

India

In Indian-administered Kashmir, two militants stormed the main government offices. They killed three police and two civilians and forced the evacuation of more than 200 people before they were killed. The militant group Al Mansurian claimed responsibility.

1 March India

Maoist rebels of the Communist Party India-Maoist (a merger of the People’sWar Group and the Maoist Communist Center) in Andhra Pradesh state killed eight people and abducted 50.

Nepal

Nepal’s Maoist rebels called off a national transport strike and travel has returned to normal. Government forces claim they killed 46 rebels in a gun battle in the southwest district of Bardiya. Four security force members were also killed, and [authorities] continue to search for rebels who fled. Political leaders in Nepal have had their house arrest extended by two months. Independent media coverage has been banned.

19 March Pakistan

In Balochistan Province tensions remain high, with troops besieged by tribesmen and repeated clashes with security forces. The death toll from the March 19 Quetta (Balochistan’s capital) bombing has risen to 46. Tensions in Balochistan have led to warnings of civil war.

20 March Qatar

In Qatar, a suicide car bombing killed a British man and injured twelve. This is the first such attack in Qatar and came on the second anniversary of the start of the Iraq war.

21 March Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka’s Tamil Tiger rebels report two men killed and three injured in fighting between rival factions.

27 March Thailand

Suspected Islamic rebels ambushed a train, injuring 19, when two bombs caused the train to turn over.

28 March Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka’s Tamil Tiger’s political office in the north suffered a grenade attack that injured three.The attack was attributed to a Tiger splinter group.

1 April India

Indian state Andhra Pradesh saw two policemen killed by suspected Maoist rebels. Separatist rebels of the United Liberation Front of Assam are being targeted in police operations underway in Assam.

Pakistan

Pakistani scholar Allama Ghulam Hussain Najafi was shot dead in a sectarian attack in Lahore. His daughter and her friend were injured. In North Waziristan a hand grenade missed the army convoy it targeted and landed on a private vehicle, injuring at least 15 civilians.

2 April Afghanistan

In Afghanistan, the end of winter has led to an increase in Taliban attacks. Last week a roadside bomb remotely detonated when a Canadian diplomatic vehicle drove by, injuring four, There was also an attack in Helmand that killed three police and injured four, and gunmen ambushed a military convoy near the Pakistani border, killing three drivers.

4 April Thailand

Thailand increased security at transportation centers after a series of bombs last weekend, but attacks continued. On April 4 a police station and government were targeted and on the 6th a bomb blast injured two police officers when the arrived at a restaurant to inspect the device, which was found in a flower pot.

6 April Brazil

A Brazilian death squad, possibly of rogue police, killed at least 30 people in two districts of Rio de Janeiro. Brazil’s indigenous population is the subject of a new Amnesty International report, “Foreigners in Our Own Country” that cites land rights as the most critical issue and says that without long-promised reservations, their very existence is threatened.

Kashmir

After 60 years of separation, the first bus service crossing Indian-and Pakistani-controlled sectors opened. Two days before the service opened a bomb blast on the route injured seven, while two other land mines were defused.The day before, militants attacked and caused a massive fire in which the buildings were destroyed. Both militants were shot dead and the passengers were successfully evacuated, with up to 40 treated for injuries. Militant groups Al-Nasirin, Al-Arifin, Farzandan-e-Millat, and the Save Kashmir Movement all claimed responsibility.

7 April Egypt

In Egypt a bomb thrown from a motorbike went off in a major shopping bazaar in Cairo, killing four people and injuring 18.The dead included the attacker, two French and one American tourist.The attack, claimed by an unknown Islamic group, raised speculation that it could be the start of a campaign against foreign tourism.

9 April India

In the state of Andhra Pradesh, suspected Maoist rebels have shot dead Congress party politician Ramdev Reddy.

15 April Haiti

In Haiti, a weekend operation between peacekeepers and police led to the death of gang leaders Renee Jean Anthony (aka Grenn Sonnen) and Ravix Remissainthe as well as five of their followers. As UN Security Council and the Ad Hoc Consultative Group on Haiti arrived for an economic assessment, one of the peacekeepers was shot dead.

Nepal

Nepal’s Maoist rebels continued threats against private schools, forcing a number of them to shut down. A bomb left by suspected rebels exploded in a village, killing five children and wounding three more as they played with the device.The Nepalese army claims it lost three personnel and killed 22 rebels in clashes in the western Rukum district.

21 April Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka’s Tamil Tiger rebels continued internecine fighting in which a breakaway group attacked a camp, killing five and injuring seven.

25 April Nepal

In Nepal, bomb threats from Maoist rebels have closed a number of private schools. In a punishment attack, rebels killed ten villagers and injured seven for not supporting the cause. King Gyanendra says he will hold municipal elections by April 2006 and decided to allow UN staff in to stop human rights abuses.

26 April Kashmir

In Indian-administered Kashmir, clashes with troops killed six suspected militants.

27 April Colombia

Colombian rebels of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) have stepped up attacks in the southwest, leading to a new government plan to improve military cooperation with regional joint commands. Four top army generals disagreed with the changes and have been dismissed.

29 April Russia

A shootout in the North Caucasus killed four gunmen believed associated with the Islamic militant group Yarmuk, and one policeman.

Afghanistan

Afghan police, on alert after last Sunday’s car bombing in Kabul, stopped an explosives-laden car at a Herat checkpoint and arrested the driver, believed to be planning a suicide attack. A Taliban attack in Kandahar killed four attackers, targeting the mayor’s office, and two police. In Uruzgan province a US soldier on patrol was killed in a Taliban ambush, and a US air strike killed three civilians and four militants. In Helmand province, four police were killed in a Taliban ambush, and clashes between Afghan troops and police killed six. Despite the outbreak of violence coinciding with the spring thaw, voter registration has opened for parliamentary and local elections scheduled for September.

Sri Lanka

Sri Lankan journalist Sharmaretnam Sivaram, a supporter of the Tamil Tiger rebels, has been kidnapped and shot dead in the capital, Colombo. The Tigers blame Sri Lankan military intelligence and rival Tiger paramilitaries, but responsibility for the attack is unknown.

2 May West Bank

In the West Bank, a shootout killed one Israeli soldier and an Islamic Jihad member on May 2. On the 5th, a 14-year-old and a 15-year-old boy were both shot dead by Israeli soldiers. The two boys were among a group of stone-throwers.The Israeli commander of the operation has been suspended for unreasonable conduct.

5 May Haiti

In Haiti, two foreign businessmen—an Indian and a Russian—have been kidnapped in two separate incidents, becoming the first foreign hostages since President Aristide’s exile in February 2004.

United States

In New York City, two explosives went off outside the British consulate, causing minor property damage.The devices were novelty grenades packed with gunpowder and apparently detonated by hand. A suspect is being questioned.The UN and other international organizations stepped up security measures as a precaution.

7 May Burma

Burma’s capital, Rangoon, suffered three nearly simultaneous bombings in a shopping area. Eleven people were killed and 150 injured.The ruling military junta blamed ethnic and prodemocracy opponents, which have denied involvement.

10 May Afghanistan

Afghanistan’s insurgency has continued its spring expansion, with clashes against US-led forces, attacks against government security personnel, suicide and other attacks in areas frequented by foreigners, etc. More than a hundred militants were reported killed, as well as scores of security forces and foreigners.Taliban leader Mullah Mohammed Omar said that if the Afghan government does offer an amnesty program, he would refuse it, being in no need of safety guarantees.

Pakistan

In Pakistan’s Balochistan province anti-government bombings and rocket attacks continued. One person was killed and one injured as they planted a roadside bomb. Fifty-eight leading Islamic scholars issued a decree against suicide attacks.

11 May Kashmir

In Indian-administered Kashmir, an explosion in Srinagar killed one and injured 34. A car bomb or landmines caused the blast, and militant group Al-Nasarin claimed responsibility. Also in Srinigar, a grenade exploded near a school, killing two women and injuring more than 40, mostly schoolboys and girls. Nearby, a parcel bomb exploded, killing three members of a family.The motive and responsibility are unknown.

14 May India

In the northeast state of Manipur, [there was] fighting last weekend between rival rebels of the Zomi Revolutionary Army (ZRA) and the United National Liberation Front (UNLF). The number killed has not been verified but is thought to be at least five.

15 May Spain

In Spain last weekend, small bombs went off at two chemical plants and two factories.The four attacks have been attributed to Basque separatist group ETA. To popular approval, the Spanish parliament has given permission for the government to begin peace talks if ETA abandons violence.

18 May Israel

Violence between Israelis and Palestinians had declined but recent weeks have shown a slow increase, including rocket attacks and military operations. In Gaza, near the Egyptian border, Israeli forces shot dead HAMAS member Ahmad Barhoum, [and] missiles fired at a Jewish settlement led to retaliatory fire in which one militant was killed and two escaped. There were also a number of Israeli operations targeting wanted Palestinians in the West Bank, with one Palestinian shot dead at a checkpoint.

19 May Afghanistan

In Afghanistan suspected Taleban militants ambushed and killed anti-drug workers in Helmand and Zabul, killing at least eleven people. Zabul was also the scene of a bomb attack in which one US soldier died and three were injured.

20 May Kashmir

Indian troops operating in Kashmir were ambushed by suspected separatist militants and four were killed.

27 May Pakistan

In Karachi, Pakistan, a suicide attack against a Shia mosque killed five people and injured 20. Riots followed, and a Kentucky Fried Chicken was set on fire. Six people were killed in the blaze. More unrest followed, and many shops and business closed in protest at the government’s failure to prevent the sectarian violence.

28 May Indonesia

On the Indonesian island of Sulawesi, two bombs exploded on May 28, killing at least 22 and injuring 40. The two bombs in a crowded market went off within minutes of each other. The island has been the scene of ongoing Muslim-Christian violence despite a 2001 peace agreement, and it was suggested that the bombings could have been designed to incite further violence.

1 June Afghanistan

A suicide bomb attack occurred at a mosque in Kandahar. 20 people were killed as they mourned the death of Fayaz. In Afghanistan, attacks against a mosque are extremely rare. Responsibility is unknown, but the governor suggests al Qaeda Arabs were involved.

India

India’s northeast state of Manipur was the scene of two attacks blamed on separatists in which three people were killed.

2 June Lebanon

Lebanese journalist Samir Qasir was killed by a bomb outside his home.This is the most prominent assassination since former Prime Minister Hariri’s death, and has led to anti-Syrian protests and calls for pro-Syrian President Lahoud to resign. Qasir was opposed to Syria’s presence in Lebanon. Suspicion for the attack has fallen on Syria, which denies any involvement.

6 June Mauritania

A Mauritanian army base was attacked by five members of the Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat (GSPC) who killed 15 soldiers and injured 17.The government organized anti-terrorism marches in which tens of thousands of people protested the attack.

7 June Nepal

Nepal’s Maoist rebels are blamed for a landmine that blew up a passenger bus, killing at least 38 and injuring more than 70.This was the bloodiest attack since the Maoist insurgency began fighting in 1996 and they have admitted it is a serious mistake, and that government soldiers had been the intended target. A group of rebels carrying bombs took shelter in a civilian house, when one of the bombs went off, destroying the house, killing five rebels, and injuring five residents.

9 June Algeria

Algerian militants, possibly with the Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat (GSPC), have been blamed for an explosion in the north that killed 13 government guards who were part of an operation directed against Islamist militants.

10 June Spain

Spain’s Basque separatist group ETA set off a mortar attack near Zaragoza airport. Given prior warning, the terminal was evacuated and there were no casualties.

12 June Russia

A Russian train returning from Chechnya was derailed by an explosion attributed to separatists, which injured at least 12. Earlier in the week, Chechen separatists ambushed Russian police officers, leaving seven dead.

13 June Kashmir

A car bomb in Indian-administered Kashmir outside a high school killed 14 and injured more than 100, including many students. A strike was called to protest the attack. Responsibility is unknown, but has been blamed on both separatists and Indian agencies.

15 June Iraq

Bombers hit Iraqi security forces in and around Baghdad, killing at least 33 people in two separate attacks. At least 25 Iraqi soldiers were killed in the first blast, by a suicide bomber wearing an Iraqi army uniform.

17 June Nigeria

Nigeria’s capital, Lagos, received security threats that led to the temporary closure of the British, German, Italian, Russian, and US diplomatic missions. In the oil-rich Delta, a group of gunmen kidnapped six Shell oil workers, who were later freed after talks and without conditions.The kidnappers were angry because Shell’s promises to support Nigerian development had not been met.

19 June Afghanistan

A suicide bomber killed himself and at least 16 people in a restaurant in Baghdad.

20 June India

In the Indian state of Assam clashes killed four separatist rebels and one soldier, while more than 30 suspected associates of the United Liberation Front of Assam have been arrested. Maoist rebels in Bihar state clashed with police, leaving 16 rebels, two police, and two civilians dead after a rebel attack against state offices. In Punjab, state police say that an operation to counter Sikh militants has been successful, including some 24 arrests.

Nepal

Nepal’s Maoist rebels attacked a prison in the east, freeing more than 60 inmates, while leaving five police and two rebels dead. There were more clashes in the east during the week, with unknown casualties, and 12 security personnel were kidnapped. At the end of the week five rebels and a soldiers were killed when rebels attacked a security checkpoint in the western district of Bardiya.

22 June Thailand

In southern Thailand, the head of a Buddhist man was found with a note saying his murder was in response to the arrest of a prominent Muslim student leader the previous week. Such sectarian violence in the Muslim majority south has claimed more than 700 lives since January 2004.

Thailand

In southern Thailand, suspected Muslim militants shot then decapitated a man in a teashop.There have been five beheadings in the past two weeks, taking revenge against repressive government measures, but this is the first to be so publicly undertaken.

23 June Afghanistan

18 people were killed and 46 others were wounded in three car bomb attacks in a Shia district of Baghdad. Hours earlier, in the same district, gunmen shot dead a prominent Sunni Muslim lawyer and his 15-year-old son.

24 June Kashmir

In Indian-administered Kashmir, a bomb blast remotely detonated as an army convoy drove past killed four Indian soldiers and injured several others. Hizbul Mujahideen claimed responsibility.

India

20 people were killed in a fierce gun battle between Maoist rebels and police in the Indian state of Bihar.

26 June Colombia

Colombian rebels of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) ambushed government troops in Putamayo province near the border with Ecuador, killing 19 soldiers. FARC also battled troops for control of a road near the Venezuelan border, killing six. More than a dozen soldiers are missing and may have been taken hostage. Rebel casualties are unknown.

28 June Democratic Republic of Congo

In Democratic Republic of Congo UN peacekeeping troops engaged in dismantling a militia camp in the eastern province of Ituri came under sustained attack with mortars, grenades, and machine guns by a rebel National Liberation Front (FNL) force of more than 1,000.The rebels also used women and children as human shields. Most of the 4,000 residents of the village fled. Casualties from that incident are not yet known, but at least seven people were killed in and around the capital Kinshasa during protests against a delay of at least six months in holding parliamentary elections.

30 June Iraq

Iraq’s oldest member of parliament, Dhari al-Fayadh, has become its second to die since the government was installed in April. His son and three bodyguards were also killed in the same suicide car bombing.

Afghanistan

In Afghanistan, a rocket-propelled grenade brought down a US helicopter, killing the 16 soldiers on board. It is believed that troops on the ground were alive, but they are missing. US fighter planes bombed a suspected Taliban hideout in the same area, killing 25 people, and have now acknowledged that number may include civilians who also lived inside the residential compounds. Ahead of parliamentary elections due in September the violence has been increasing, but the UNbacked disarmament, demobilization and reintegration program marked a milestone with the completion of the first two phases.The final phase of reintegration will take another year.

Haiti

Haiti’s armed gangs were the target of UN peacekeeping operations. Troops stormed a shantytown and engaged in a gun battle that killed at least two men, possibly including the powerful gang leader Emmanuel Wilmey (“Dread Wilmey”).

7 July England

In London, England, three time bombs detonated almost simultaneously in three separate underground trains, at approximately 8:50 a.m. At 9:47 another bomb exploded on a bus. The attacks killed at least 49 people and injured more than 700. Britons are remembering those who died in this most recent bombing while also commemorating the 60th anniversary marking the end of World War Ⅱ. July 10 is the designated national remembrance day.

8 July Iraq

Egyptian ambassador Ihab al-Sherif was abducted and held by Abu Musab al-Zarqawi’s group, al Qaeda in Iraq. He was later killed, although details of his assassination remain unclear. Shortly after Sherif’s kidnapping, Pakistan’s envoy escaped an attack uninjured, but Bahrain’s ambassador, Hassan Malallah al-Ansari, was shot and wounded. Other violence during the week included large suicide bombings, mortar attacks, as well as roadside and car bombs. Italy will begin withdrawing troops within two months. Coca-Cola has returned to Iraq 37 years after it withdrew, competing there with Pepsi.

10 July Sri Lanka

In Sri Lanka, a grenade attack on a Tamil Tiger office killed two rebel officials and two civilians.

11 July Afghanistan

In Afghanistan, attacks associated with Taliban guerillas have continued, including the assassination of a pro-government cleric. US troops found the body of a missing soldier, one of the group in which only one of four was rescued last week. Four “dangerous enemy combatants” escaped from Bagram prison and are being hunted. Despite such operations, more than 200 local commanders have been disarmed, and Australia has agreed to send 150 special forces to help counter increasing attacks ahead of September’s parliamentary elections.

12 July Kenya

In northeast Kenya, ethnic Borana crossed the border from Ethiopia into the ethnic Gabra village of Turbi, where they surrounded a school and nearby houses and opened fire, killing 76 people, including 22 children.Ten of the attackers were killed.Those who fled, with stolen livestock, apparently returned to Ethiopia.The raids also displaced at least 6,000 people. Armed forces are arriving in the remote territory to prevent further attacks.

Spain

Spain’s Basque separatist group ETA has been blamed for four explosion that struck a power station.There were no casualties. A policeman was injured as a homemade bomb outside the Italian Cultural Institute in Barcelona exploded. Responsibility in unknown, but graffiti indicated an anarchist connection.

Israel

At the Israeli coastal town of Netanya a suicide bomber killed himself and five others at a mall entrance. At least 30 people were injured. Islamic Jihad was responsible for the attack and now faces relentless retaliation. Israeli security forces have arrested at least five militants and are continuing operations, including the reoccupation of the West Bank town of Tulkarm. A raid on Nablus has killed one member of al Aqsa Martyr’s Brigades.

14 July England

Londoners faced a mirror attack, one week after 7/7. Explosives were set off in three underground stations and one bus. This time, the triggers went off but the explosives did not detonate, and only one person was injured. Indications are that the same technique was used but that the homemade explosive had deteriorated. Much more forensic information was left behind, and a massive manhunt continues. A casualty of these incidents was Brazilian Jean Charles de Menezes, who was shot dead by police in South London, although he was innocent and had no connection with the attacks. An inquiry will be held into the shooting.

16 July Turkey

In Turkey, an explosion on July 16 in the Aegean resort of Kusadasi, killed five, and injured 13, including several foreign tourists. Kurdish PKK militants are blamed for the attack. On July 24 in Istanbul, an explosion in a restaurant injured two people.The cause is under investigation.

23 July Egypt

In the Egyptian resort of Sharm el-Sheikh three bomb attacks have killed at least 64 people and injured more than 200. Two car bombs were detonated at 1:15 a.m., one at a hotel and the second two miles away at the Old Market. A third, hidden in a sack, went off near a beach walkway. Most of the dead were Egyptians, but foreigners were also killed.The attack prompted immediate condemnation by international governments. The Abdullah Azzam Brigades, al Qaeda in Syria in Egypt, claimed responsibility, as they had for an April bombing in Cairo, in a web posting.The previously unknown Holy Warriors of Egypt also claimed responsibility, faxing a statement to newspapers that listed names of five attackers. Neither claim has been verified.

Nepal

Nepal’s Maoist rebels have reinstated Baburam Bhattarai, who had been suspended because of disagreements with the leader, Prachanda. Rebels killed seven security personnel in the west. Following that ambush, security forces killed two rebels.

25 July India

In Indian-administered Kashmir, three soldiers and a civilian were killed when a suicide bomber drove an explosive-packed car into an army vehicle in Srinagar. Hizbul Mujahideen claimed responsibility. In another incident, six male members of a Muslim family were shot dead by suspected militants in a village house in Udhampur. A gun battle between militants and soldiers left three suspected militants, believed belonging to Hizbul Mujahideen, dead. There were a number of other incidents. Late on the night of the 24th, four Kashmiri youths were shot dead by Indian troops who mistook them for rebels. Hundreds of protestors demonstrated against the shooting.

Ethiopia

In Ethiopia’s Somali region five people were killed and more than 30 injured in a series of grenade attacks across six locations. The simultaneous attacks at a nightclub and official residences are believed designed to interfere with August 21 elections. The attacks were attributed to Ogaden National Liberation Front (ONLF) rebels. Somali is the last region in which elections are to be held. Official results so far indicate that the ruling coalition is nearing a majority, a result rejected as fraudulent by opposition leaders.

27 July Colombia

Colombian rebels of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) have closed off the southern province of Putumayo, cutting off electricity and blockading roads. The government has had to airlift basic supplies. FARC have been blamed for a deadly roadside bombing in the northern Sierra Nevada region that killed at least 14 police officers. FARC have refused to enter into hostage-release talks until government forces leave two mountain areas in the western province of Valle del Cauca and ensure that two commanders, Ricardo Palmero and Nayibe Rojas are part of the return deal. Both men have been extradited to the US on drug trafficking charges. About 2,000 members of the right-wing paramilitary United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia (AUC) have begun disarming and demobilization.

29 July Kashmir

In Indian-administered Kashmir, five Hindus were murdered when suspected Muslim militants raided a village and cut their throats. An investigation is underway. Heavy fighting has entered its second day in Srinagar.The fighting began the evening of 29 July when militants of the Al-Mansurin and Jamiat-ul Mujahhideen attacked a police vehicle then entered a hotel complex.When security forces stormed a building and killed a militant hiding there, a gunbattle broke out. There are a number of casualties.

1 August Kashmir

In Indian-administered Kashmir, three separate clashes between militants and security forces led to the death of six suspected militants.

8 August India

In the Indian state of Assam, suspected separatists with the United Liberation Front of Assam (ULFA) set off an explosion that caused a huge fire and badly damaged an oil pipeline. Naga tribesmen have been blockading a major highway for two weeks, forcing the Indian military to begin airlifting essential goods to the area.

12 August India

Suspected Maoist rebels were blamed for an attack at a police station in Bihar state.Two policemen were killed and four injured.

Nepal

Nepal’s Maoist rebels claim that 159 soldiers were killed and 50 taken prisoner in an attack in the northwest Kalikot district that also killed 26 rebels. The government denies this, saying that around 40 soldiers were killed, but more than 100 are missing, and the military is searching for them. Further clashes later in the week killed 12 rebels and one soldier.

Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka has been placed under a state of emergency following the assassination of Foreign Minister Lakshman Kadirgamar. Tamil Tigers are suspected, and a massive investigation is underway.

17 August India

India’s Andhra Pradesh state imposed a ban on the rebel Communist Party of India-Maoist and several front organizations following an attack in which a Congress Party legislator and nine other people were shot dead, and eight others injured. This was believed to be the first CPI-M attack at a public gathering.