66．长效青霉素
出处：按学科分类—医药、卫生 军事医学科学出版社《临床常用进口药物手册》第381页（5274字）
【中文释文】：
(苄星青霉素)
〔成分〕
每支含：苄星青霉素1200000U。
附加成分：柠檬酸三钠和卵磷脂适量。
〔特性〕
苄星青霉素，亦称青霉素G-Benzathine，为本品的活性成分。鉴于苄星衍生物在水中溶解性很低，故本品一经注射，则在肌肉内蓄积，并规律地释放入血，其速率与青霉素体内排泄率持平。因此，可极大地延长青霉素在体内作用时间。
〔适应证〕
本品适用于预防和治疗青霉素敏感性病原体所致的感染：主要为溶血性链球菌，绿色链球菌，肺炎双球菌，以及不产生青霉素酶的金黄色葡萄球菌，淋球菌属，螺菌属，梭菌属。
〔剂量〕
对每一病人合适剂量应遵照医学标准。还应注意，对预防风湿热，最有效的合适剂量为每15d600000U，或30d内1200000U苄星青霉素。对于治疗原发性或继发性梅毒感染，根据国际颁布的指南，本品单次注射剂量为2400000U，15～20d后重复注射，疗效更为可靠。
〔给药方式〕
配制及注射苄星青霉素应使用9号针，配制1200000U所用注射水为4ml。本品仅供肌肉注射。
〔禁忌证〕
青霉素过敏者禁用。
〔注意事项〕
注射苄星青霉素时应格外小心，注射前应做青霉素皮试。患多种药物过敏史的哮喘病人，应在严格的医疗监护条件下使用本品。
〔相互作用〕
本品不宜与其它抑菌剂合用。
〔副作用〕
一旦出现严重过敏反应，应使用1∶1000肾上腺素和可的松溶液加以治疗。对于轻微过敏者，可使用抗组胺制剂治疗。反复注射本品所致局部硬肿，可采用热敷治疗法予以缓解。
〔毒性反应及治疗〕
本品若按说明使用，不会产生毒性反应症状。若出现过敏反应，应当停止给药，并以常规抗过敏方法加以治疗。
〔贮藏〕
苄星青霉素为干燥消毒粉末，室温保存。其效价在包装上的有效期内不变。
〔包装方式〕
本品以下列包装方式提供：
苄星青霉素《1200000》含1200000U苄星青霉素。
本品应放于远离小孩的地方。
〔生产厂家〕
西班牙马德里安东尼奥洛佩斯公司抗生素制药公司
(附本品别名：比西林，苄星青，安唐西林，长效西林，Extencilline，Neolin，Permapen，Dulcepen)
【外文释文】：
(Penicillin G Benzathine)
(Benzylpenicillin-Benzathine)
Intramuscular route
Quantitative composition
Per vial：
Benzylpenicillin(Penicillin G)Benzathine 1200000 IU
Excipients：
Trisodium citrate(dihydrate)and lecithin，q．s．
Properties
Benzylpenicillin-benzathine，also known as penicillin G benzathine，is the active ingredient in this proprietary drug．
Due to the low watersolubility of the benzathine derivative，once injected the preparation forms a muscular deposit which releases penicillin to blood regularly and at a rate parallel to the elimination rate of the antibiotic，thus achieving a highly prolonged humoral permanence of penicillin．
Indications
It is indicated for the prophylaxis and treatment of infections caused by penicillin-susceptible pathogens：Hemolytic streptococci and S．viridans，Pneumococi，Non-penicillinaseproducing Staphylococcus aureus．Gonococci．Spirili and Clostridia，mainly．
Dosage
Without prejudice to respecting medical criterion for the selection and dosage of the adequate preparation for each patient，we must note that，for prophylaxis of rheumatic fever，maximum efficacy and convenience are achieved by administering 600000 units of benzylpen icillin(penicillin G)benzathine every 15 days or 1 200 000 units every month．
The guidelines issued by international agencies for the treatment of primary-secondary syphilis advise the administration of 2400000 units as a single dose，which can be repeated after 15-20 days for greater assurance．
Methods for administration
A long，0．9 gauge needle must be used to prepare the suspension and inject benzylpenicillin(penicillin G)benzathine．The volume of water for injection used to make the suspension of the preparation is 4 ml for benzylpenicillin(penicillin G)benzathine 1200000．
Benzylpenicillin(penicillin G)benzathine is injected by the intramuscular route only．A skin test should be made before the injection．
Contraindications
It is contraindicated in patients allergic to penicillin or benzathine．
Precautions
Benzylpenicillin(penicillin G)benzathine must be given with caution and under medical control in asthmatic patients with signs of multiple drug hypersensitivity．
Interactions
Administration of benzylpenicillin(penicillin G)benzathine with bacteriostatic agents is not recommended．
Side effecs
Eventually allergic reactions must be treated with epinephrine 1∶1000 and soluble corticosteroids if they are severe．In mild cases，antihistamines must be used．Repeated injection of benzylpenicillin(penicillin G)benzathine can cause indurations which are managed by applying heat to the iniection site．
Toxicity and its treatment
When administered at the recommended doses，it does not cause toxicity signs．If allergic reactions occur，treatment must be discontinued and the standard antiallergic therapy applied．
Storage conditions
Benzylpenicillin(penicillin G)benzathine as a dry sterile powder is stable at room temperature，and retains all its potency up to the expiry date stated in the package．
How supplied
It is supplied in the following pharmaceutical forms：
Penicillin G benzathine 1 200 000 containing 1 200 000 units of benzylpenicillin(penicillin G)benzathine．
Keep drugs out of the reach of children
Manufacturer
Pharmacia Antibioticos Farma，S．A．
Antonio Lopez，109-28026 Madrid