Human sacrifice

出处：按学科分类—哲学、宗教 复旦大学出版社《圣经典故辞典》第335页（8481字）

【释义】：

人祭；(喻)虔诚；考验

Twenty years old was Ahaz when he began to reign, and reigned sixteen years in Jerusalem, and did not that which was right in the sight of the Lord his God, like David his father.

But he walked in the way of the kings of Israel, yea, and made his son to pass through the fire, according to the abominations of the heathen, whom the Lord cast out from before the children of Israel.

And he sacrificed and burnt incense in the high places, and on the hills, and under every green tree.

2 Kings 16:2-4

亚哈斯登基的时候二十岁，在耶路撒冷作王十六年，不像他祖大卫行耶和华他神眼中看为正的事。

却效法以色列诸王所行的，又照着耶和华从以色列人面前赶出的外邦人所行可憎的事，使他的儿子经火献神。

并在邱坛上、山冈上、冬青翠树下献祭烧香。

《列王纪下》16∶2－4

Ahaz was twenty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned sixteen years in Jerusalem: but he did not that which was right in the sight of the Lord, like David his father:

For he walked in the ways of the kings of Israel, and made also molten images for Baalim.

Moreover he burnt incense in the valley of the son of Hinnom, and burnt his children in the fire, after the abominations of the heathen whom the Lord had cast out before the children of Israel.

He sacrificed also and burnt incense in the high places, and on the hills, and under every green tree.

2 Chron.28:1-4

亚哈斯登基的时候二十岁，在耶路撒冷作王十六年，不像他祖大卫行耶和华眼中看为正的事，

却行以色列诸王的道，又铸造巴力的像；

并且在欣嫩子谷烧香，用火焚烧他的儿女，行耶和华在以色列人面前所驱逐的外邦人那可憎的事。

并在邱坛上、山冈上、冬青翠树下献祭烧香。

《历代志下》28∶1－4

And he built altars for all the host of heaven in the two courts of the house of the Lord.

And he caused his children to pass through the fire in the valley of the son of Hinnom: also he observed limes, and used enchantments, and used witchcraft, and dealt with a familiar spirit, and with wizards: he wrought much evil in the sight of the Lord, to provoke him to anger.

2 Chron.33:5-6

他(指玛拿西)在耶和华殿的两院中为天上的万象筑坛；

并在欣嫩子谷使他的儿女经火献神；又观兆、用法术、行邪术、立交鬼的和行巫术的，多行耶和华眼中看为恶的事，惹动他的怒气。

《历代志下》33∶5－6

And Abraham rose up early in the morning, and saddled his ass, and took two of his young men with him, and Isaac his son, and clave the wood for the burnt offering, and rose up, and went unto the place of which God had told him.

Then on the third day Abraham lifted up his eyes, and saw the place afar off.

And Abraham said unto his young men, Abide ye here with the ass; and I and the lad will go yonder and worship, and come again to you.

And Abraham took the wood of the burnt offering, and laid it upon Isaac his son; and he look the fire in his hand, and a knife; and they went both of them together.

And Isaac spake unto Abraham his father, and said, My father: and he said, Here am I, my son.And he said, Behold the fire and the wood: but where is the lamb for a burnt offering?

And Abraham said, My son, God will provide himself a lamb for a burnt offering: so they went both of them together.

And they came to the place which God had told him of; and Abraham built an altar there, and laid the wood in order, and bound Isaac his son, and laid him on the altar upon the wood.

And Abraham stretched forth his hand, and took the knife to slay his son.

And the angel of the Lord called unto him out of heaven, and said, Abraham, Abraham: and he said, Here am I.

And he said, Lay not thine hand upon the lad, neither do thou any thing unto him: for now I know that thou fearest God, seeing thou hast not withheld thy son, thine only son from me.

And Abraham lifted up his eyes, and looked, and behold behind him a ram caught in a thicket by his horns: and Abraham went and took the ram, and offered him up for a burnt offering in the stead of his son.

And Abraham called the name of that place Jehovah-jireh: as it is said to this day, In the mount of the Lord it shall be seen.

Gen.22:3-14

亚伯拉罕清早起来，备上驴，带着两个仆人和他儿子以撒，也劈好了燔祭的柴，就起身往神所指示他的地方去了。

到了第三日，亚伯拉罕举目远远地看见那地方。

亚伯拉罕对他的仆人说：“你们和驴在此等候，我与童子往那里去拜一拜，就回到你们这里来。”

亚伯拉罕把燔祭的柴放在他儿子以撒身上，自己手里拿着火和刀，于是两人同行。

以撒对他父亲亚伯拉罕说：“父亲哪!”亚伯拉罕说：“我儿，我在这里。”以撒说：“请看，火与柴都有了，但燔祭的羊羔在哪里呢?”

亚伯拉罕说：“我儿，神必自己预备作燔祭的羊羔。”于是两人同行。

他们到了神所指示的地方，亚伯拉罕在那里筑坛，把柴摆好，捆绑他的儿子以撒，放在坛的柴上。

亚伯拉罕就伸手拿刀，要杀他的儿子。

耶和华的使者从天上呼叫他说：“亚伯拉罕!亚伯拉罕!”他说：“我在这里。”

天使说：“你不可在这童子身上下手，一点不可害他。现在我知道你是敬畏神的了，因为你没有将你的儿子，就是你独生的儿子，留下不给我。”

亚伯拉罕举目观看，不料，有一只公羊，两角扣在稠密的小树中，亚伯拉罕就取了那只公羊来，献为燔祭，代替他的儿子。

亚伯拉罕给那地方起名叫耶和华以勒，直到今日人还说：“在耶和华的山上必有预备。”

《创世纪》22∶3－14

Then the spirit of the Lord came upon Jephthan, and he passed over Gilead, and Manasseh, and passed over Mizpeh of Gilead, and from Mizpeh of Gilead he passed over unto the children of Ammon.

And Jephthah vowed a vow unto the Lord, and said, If thou shalt without fail deliver the children of Ammon into mine hands.

Then it shall be, that whatsoever cometh forth of the doors of my house to meet me, when I return in peace from the children of Ammon, shall surely be the Lord's, and I will offer it up for a burnt offering.

So Jephthah passed over unto the children of ammon to fight against them: and the Lord delivered them into his hands.

And he smote them from Aroer, even till thou come to Minnith, even twenty cities, and unto the plain of the vineyards, with a very great slaughter. Thus the children of Ammon were subdued before the children of Israel.

And Jephthah came to Mizpeh unto his house, and, behold, his daughter came out to meet him with timbrels and with dances: and she was his only child; beside her he had neither son nor daughter.

And it came to pass, when he saw her, that he rent his clother, and said, Alas, my daughter! thou hast brought me very low, and thou art one of them that trouble me: for I have opened my mouth unto the Lord, and I cannot go back.

And she said unto him, My father, if thou hast opened thy mouth unto the Lord, do to me according to that which hath proceeded out of thy mouth; forasmuch as the Lord hath taken vengeance for thee of thine enemies, even of the children of Ammon.

And she said unto her father, Let this thing be done for me: let me alone two months, that I may go up and down upon the mountains, and bewail my virginity, I and my fellow.

And he said, Go.And he sent her away for two months: and she went with her companions, and bewailed her virginity upon the mountains.

And it came to pass at the end of two months, that she returned unto her father, who did with her according to his vow which he had vowed: and she knew no man.And it was a custom in Israel.

That the daughters of Israel went yearly to lament the daughter of Jcphthah the Gileaditc four days in a year.

Judges 11:29-40

耶和华的灵降在耶弗他身上，他就经过基列和玛拿西，来到基列的米斯巴，又从米斯巴来到亚扪人那里。

耶弗他就向耶和华许愿，说：“你若将亚扪人交在我手中，

我从亚扪人那里平平安安回来的时候，无论什么人，先从我家门出来迎接我，就必归你，我也必将他献上为燔祭。”

于是耶弗他往亚扪人那里去，与他们争战；耶和华将他们交在他手中，

他就大大杀败他们，从亚罗珥到米匿，直到亚备勒基拉明；攻取了二十座城。这样，亚扪人就被以色列人制伏了。

耶弗他回米斯巴到了自己的家。

不料，他女儿拿着鼓跳舞出来迎接他，是他独生的，此外无儿无女。

耶弗他看见她，就撕裂衣服，说：“哀哉!我的女儿啊，你使我甚是愁苦，叫我作难了，因为我已经向耶和华开口许愿，不能挽回。”

他女儿回答说：“父啊，你既向耶和华开口，就当照你口中所说的向我行，因为耶和华已经在仇敌亚扪人身上为你报仇。”

又对父亲说：“有一件事求你允准；容我去两个月，与同伴在山上，好哀哭，我终为处女。”

耶弗他说：“你去吧!”就容她去两个月。她便和同伴去了，在山上为她终为处女哀哭。

两月已满，就回到她父亲那里，父亲就照所许的愿向她行了。女儿终身没有亲近男子。

此后以色列中有个规矩，每年以色列的女子去为基列人耶弗他的女儿哀哭四天。

《士师记》11∶29－40］

。【条目出处】：《圣经·旧约》