参考文献

出处：按学科分类—医药、卫生 上海科学技术文献出版社《临床心律失常诊疗手册》第222页（8466字）

［1］Aronow WS,Ahn C,Kronzon I. Prognosis of Congestive heart failure after prior myocardial infarction in older persons with atrial fibrillation versus sinus rhythm. Am J Cardiol， 2001，87(2)：224～225

［2］Adams KF,Zannad F. Clinical definition and epidemiology of advanced heart failure. Am Heart J,1998,135 (part 2):204～215

［3］Antzelevith C, Sicouri S. Clinical relevance of cardiac arrhythmias generated by afterdepolarizations. J Am Coll Cardiol,1994,23:259～277

［4］Aimond F, Beck L, Gautier P,et al. Cellular and in vivo electrophysiological effects of dronedarone in normal and postmyocardial infracted rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther,2000,292:415～424

［5］Batin P,Wickens M,Mc Integart D,et al. The importance of abnormalities of liver function tests in Predicting mortality in severe chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J,1995,16(11): 1613～1618

［6］Boriani G, Biffi M, Capucci A, et al. Oral propafenone to convert recent-onset atrial fibrillation in patients with and without underling heart diease. A randomized controlled trial. Ann Intern Med,1997,126:621～624

［7］Biancom I, Castro A, Dinelli M,et al. Comparision of intravenously dofetilide versus amiodarone in the acute termination of atrial fibrillation and flutter. Eur Heart J， 2000,21:1265～1273

［8］Benditt DG, Williams JH, Jin J,et al. Maintenance of sinus rhythm with oral DL sotalol therapy in patients with symptomatic atrial fibrillation and/or atrial flutter. Am J Cardiol,1999,84:270～277

［9］Balati B, Iost N, Simon J,et al. Analysis of the electrophysiological effect of amibasilide, a new antiarrhythmic agent in canine isolated ventricular muscle and Purkinjie fibers. Gen Pharmacol,2000,34:85～93

［10］Caotro A, Bianconi L, Santini M. New antiarrhythmics drugs for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. PACE,2002,25(2):249～259

［11］Campbell T, Greenbaum RA, Channer KS,et al. Mortality in patients with atrial fibrillation-1 year follow up of EMERALD (European and Australian Multicenter Evaluation Research of Atrial Fibrillation Dofetilide). J Am Coll Cardiol,2000,35(Suppl.A):154

［12］Connolly SJ, Page RL, Marcello SR,et al.Dose response for azimilide for prevention of atrial fibrillation or flutter. Can J Cardiol,1999,15(Suppl.D): 187D

［13］Demolis GM, Funck-Brentano C, Ropers JR,et al. Influence of dofetilide on QT interal duration and dispersion at various heart rates during exercise in humans. Circulation,1996,94:1592～1599

［14］Evrard P, Gonzales M, Jamart J,et al. Prophylaxis of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias after coronary artery bypass grafting with low dose sotalol. Ann Thorac Surg,2000,70:151～156

［15］Fox KM, Henderson JR, Kaski JC,et al. Antianginal and antiischemic efficacy of tedisamil, a potassium channel blocker. Heart,2000,83:167～171

［16］Gomes JA, Santoni Rugiu F, Metha D,et al. Oral DL sotalol reduces the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation in coronary artery bypass surgery patients: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Am Coll Cardiol,1999,34:334～339

［17］Gijni V, Korth M, Schreieck J,et al. Diffiential class Ⅲ antiarrhythmic effects of ambasilide and dofetilide at different extracellular potassium and pacing frequencies. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol, 1999, 28:314～320

［18］Hondeghem LM,Snyders DJ. Class Ⅲ antiarrhythmic agents have a lot of potential but a long way to go. Circulation,1990,81:686～690

［19］Houltz B, Darpo B, Swedberg K,et al. Almokalant and predictors of conversion of chronic atrial tachyarryhthmias to sinus rhythm.A prospective study. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther,1999,13:329～338

［20］Kowey PR, Marinchack RA, Rials SJ,et al. Pharmacologic and pharmacokinetic profile of the class 3 antiarrhythmic drugs. Am J cardiol,1997,80:16G～23G

［21］Kowey PR, VanderLugt JR. Safety and risk/benefit analysis of ibutilide for acute cardiovasion of atrial fibrillation/flutter. Am J Cardiol,1996,78:46～52

［22］Karam R, Marcello S, Brooks RR,et al. Azimilide dihydrochloride: A novel antiarrhythmic agent. Am J Cardiol,1998,81:40D～46D ［23］Levy S, Breithardt G, Campbell RWF, et al. Atrial fibrillation:Current knowledge and recommendations for management. Eur Heart J,1998,19:1294～1320

［24］Moss AJ,Zareba W,Itall WJ,et al. Prophylatic implantation of a defribrillation in patients with myocardial infarction and reduced ejection fraction. N Engl J Med,2002.346(12):877～883

［25］Morady F. Prevention of atrial fibrillation in the postoperative cardiac patient:Significance of oral class Ⅲ antiarrhythmic agents. Am J Cardiol,1999,84:156R～160R

［26］Nademanee K, Bailey WM, O’Neill G, et al.Electrophysiologic and hemodynamic effects of dofetilide in patients with depressed ventricular function: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. PACE,1998,21:867

［27］Norgaard BL, Watchell K, Christensen PD,et al. Efficacy and safety of atrial fibrillatiaon and flutter A multicenter,randonsized,double-blind,placebo-controlled trial. Am Heart J, 1999, 137: 1062～1069

［28］Oral K, Souza JJ, Michaud GF,et al. Facilitating transthoracic cardioversion of atrial fibrillation with ibutilide pretreatment. N Engl J Med,1999,340:1849～1854

［29］Packen M,Cohn JN,Abraham WT,et al. Consensus recommendations for the management of chronic heart failure. Am J Cardiol,1999,82(24):1～38

［30］Pritchett E, Page R, Connoly S,et al. Antiarrhythmic effects of azimilide in atrial fibrillation:Efficacy and dose-response.Azimilide Supraventricular Arrhythmia Program (SVA-) 3 Investigators. J Am Coll Cardiol,2000,36:794～802

［31］Pratt CM, Ruskin JN, Friedrieck T. Dofetilide use in atrial fibrillation:A treatment strategy to minimize proarrhythmic risk(abstract). J Am Coll Cardiol,2000;35(Suppl.A):154A

［32］Stevenson WG,Stevenson LW,Middlekauff HR,et al. Improving survival for patients with advanced heart failure: A study of 737 Consecutive patients. J Am Coll Cardiol, 1995, 26(6): 1417～1423

［33］Szabo BM,Van veldhuisen D,Ven der Veer N,et al. Prognostic Value of heart rate Variability in chronic Congestive heart failure secondary to idiopathic or ischemic dilated Cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol,1997，79(7)：978～980

［34］Sasayama S,Matsumori A,Kihara Y. New insights into pathophysiological role for cytokines in heart failure. J Cardiovasc Res,1999,42(3):557～564

［35］Sedgwick ML, Rasmussen HS, Cobbe SM,et al. Clinical and electrophysiologic effects of intravenous dofetilide,a new class 3 antiarrhythmic drug in patients angina pectoris. Am J Cardiol,1992,70:1432～1437

［36］Torp-Pedersen C, Moller M, Bloch-Thompsen PE. Dofetilide in patients with congestive heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction. N Engl J Med,1999,341

［37］Verdyin SC, Vos MA, Leunissen HDM,et al. Evaluation of the acute electrophysiologic effect of intravenous ronedarone,an amiodaron-like agent,with special emphasis on ventricular repolarization and acquired torsade de pointes arrhythmias. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol, 1999, 33:212～222

［38］Vanderlugt JT, Mattioni T, Denker S,et al. Efficacy and safety of ibutilide fumarate for the conversion of atrial arrhythtmias after cardiac surgery. Circulation,1999,100:369～375

［39］Wood MA,Brown-Mahoney C,Kay GW,et al. Clinical outcomes after ablation and pacing therapy for atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis. Circulation,2000, 101(10): 1138～1144

［40］Waldo A, Prystowsky EN. Drug treatment of atrial fibrillation in the managed era. Am J Cardiol,1998,81:23C～29C

［41］Yao JA, Tseng GN. Azimilide can prolong or shorten the action potential duration in canine ventricular myocytes: Dependence on blockage of K,Ca and Na channels. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol,1997,8:184～198