85．视明露
出处：按学科分类—医药、卫生 军事医学科学出版社《临床常用进口药物手册》第482页（4776字）
【中文释文】：
(雪叶莲)滴眼液
〔叙述〕
以往白内障外科手术治疗法尚未确立，白内障被认为是医学上的难题。故其疗法亦仅限于一般普通治疗范围之内。
在“怎样形成白内障”的问题未有结论性答案之前，一个颇有支持性的理论，是一般白内障形成的病理化背景是由于眼前部组织的新陈代谢受阻所致。因此，无论是何种方式的治疗法，只要能促进眼前部组织的新陈代谢，即可作为制止视觉混乱的进展及延长运用视力期间的合理治疗途径。
〔作用与用途〕
视明露是一种局部用于眼部的药剂，作用和催淋巴剂一样，以促进眼内组织循环，并刺激副循环及正常的新陈代谢及功能等。
从临床观察及实验证明局部施用视明露在防止甚至抑制现存的视觉混浊有一定的价值。如在白内障的早期施用，可以取得更满意疗效，倘若视觉严重混浊，同时因新陈代谢功能恶化而引起的病理转变，有如衰老现象者，施用视明露没有预期的治疗效果，对老年白内障病人和已非初发期的白内障病人，特别是对不愿或不宜做手术者言，持续使用视明露能令病者视力上升，从而知道已作有效的治疗。
为求得到在白内障严重期间使用视明露效果的进一步论据，一项由眼科专家对40名病人研究的临床报告中，发现占22．5%比率的病人获得良好效果。其中13名男性，27名女性，平均年龄57．7岁。此项实验由开始至完成，平均都超过4年，而最佳效果亦公认在这期间获得，在治疗开始前，所有病人都要接受直接的观察，用检眼镜检查，斜光检查，眼检查及消减表检查等，并在一年中的每3月检查1次，其疗法系以视明露滴在每个病人眼内，早晚各1次。
由于白内障在这40名病人中都已非初发期间，所收得的良好反应特别珍贵，至今视明露已被广泛地用作治疗各期的白内障症。而临床实验报告最满意的结果是施用于初期的白内障病例。
〔成分〕
视明露是采用新鲜的雪叶莲(Cineraria maritima)浸出液20%，美洲金缕杨Hamamelis virginica)浸出液5%，甘油20%及硼酸5%混合而成的一种有焦糖味呈黑褐色的水溶液。雪叶莲浸出液的生物碱包括千里光素和千里光宁。总非挥发成分约占20%，pH调至4．1，渗透压为5．5oSm。
〔适应证〕
老年性白内障，外伤性白内障，并发性白内障，糖尿病性白内障，及各种由白内障引起的视觉混浊。
〔注意〕
1．如病人以前患有过敏症，可能有敏感性反应。如遇过度刺激发生，最好立即将用量稀释或停止使用。如有过度刺激的情形发展，应立即找医师检查。
2．本品不能用于治疗青光眼。
〔禁忌〕
以前有过敏性反应者禁用。
〔用法与用量〕
视明露早晚用1～2滴，滴于病人眼内，注意不要接触滴头以免污染滴眼液。
〔包装〕
每瓶7ml
〔生产厂家〕
美国圣路易斯卢伊特制药公司
【外文释文】：
(Senecio Cineraria Compound Solution)
Sterile-ophthalmic
Description
Succus Cineraria Maritima is an aqueous and glycerin solution of the total extractives of the fresh Senecio cineraria USPH 8th(Senecio compositae)with extract of Hamamelis virginica．(Witch Hazel)and boric acid USP．The alkaloids included in the total extract include senecine and senecionine．Total nonvolatiles is approximately 20%；the pH is adjusted to 4．1；osmotic pressure is 5．5 osmols．
Actions and Uses
Succus Cineraria Maritima applied locally to the eyes acts as a safe lymphagogue，increasing circulation in the intraocular tissues，also stimulating collateral circulation，and normal metabolism，functions so necessary from the standpoint of the physiology of the eye．Clinical observation indicates the definite value of local applications of Succus Cineraria Maritima in checking of even aborting existing opacities．The benefits attained are obviously more satisfactory when treatment is instituted in the early stage of cataract．In cases of well advanced opacity，and where pathological changes caused by the deterioration of the metabolic functions have occurred，as is characteristic in senility，less favourable results can be expected．
The use of Succus Cineraria Maritima，however，is justified in certain cases well past the incipient stage，particularly when an operation is not contemplated or is contraindicated．It gives comfort to the patient to know that something potentially beneficial is being done．Clinical studies of advanced stages of cataract treated with Succus Cineraria Maritima indicated that in 22．5%of these cases beneficial results were obtained．In many of the cases which did not show improvement the process of the opacity was retarded or checked．In certain cases Succus Cineraria Maritima only gives temporary relief or serves to postpone the surgical removal．
Indications
Succus Cineraria Maritima is indicated in the treatment of various cases of optic opacity caused by cataract．
Contraindications：a history of a previous hypersensitivity reaction to any of the Senecio alkaloids or to Hamamelis virginica．is a contraindication．
Warning
The possibility of sensitivity reactions should be considered in patients with a history ofallergy．If excessive irritation occurs it may be advisable to dilute the dosage，or discontinue treatment．(pH of 4．1 may cause minor irritation)．For topical ophthalmic use only．If excessive irritation should develop，patient should consult the prescribing physician．
Gaution Federal Law prohibits dispensing without prescription．
Caution
Not intended for use in glaucoma．
Dosage and Administration
Succus Cineraria Maritima should be instilled in the affected eye，two drops morning and evening，or as directed by physician．Do not touch dropper tip to any surface，since this may contaminate the solution．
Supplied
In sterile 1／4 oz．dropper vial(7ml)．
Manufacturer
Luyties Pharma Co．Saint Louis，Missouri，USA